Huibo Yuan, Wenjie Liu, Hua Ge, Haonan Pan, Qiyuan Du, Hui Zhang, Jianjun Song, Wanyi Tan* and Yonggang Min*,
{"title":"Polyimides with an Ultralow Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Enabled by Electron-Donating Aromatic Groups","authors":"Huibo Yuan, Wenjie Liu, Hua Ge, Haonan Pan, Qiyuan Du, Hui Zhang, Jianjun Song, Wanyi Tan* and Yonggang Min*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0027710.1021/acsapm.5c00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00277https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyimides (PIs) always serve as substrates in the fields of microelectronics, solar cells, and flexible displays, followed by the deposition of other functional layers on their surface. Therefore, PIs should be well matched with these functional layers in terms of thermal dimensional stability to ensure the device performance. Considering that copper, glass, and silicon have a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), PIs with high thermal stability, especially thermal dimensional stability, are highly desirable. Besides cross-linking and the formation of hydrogen bonds, introducing rigid units is another effective approach to achieve a low CTE without issues such as low toughness or high moisture uptake. However, the monomers involving rigid moieties sometimes present low polymerization activity. Moreover, PIs with a low CTE together with a good comprehensive performance are still worth further research. To address these issues, we introduced aromatic donor groups, triphenylamine and carbazole, into the main chains of PIs. On the one hand, they can enhance the electron-donating ability of diamines and thereby the charge transfer complex (CTC) effect. On the other hand, large conjugated triphenylamine and carbazole groups are conducive to further enhancement of the intermolecular interaction and chain rigidity. Furthermore, carbazole-based diamine has a better coplanarity and higher polymerization activity. As a result, the carbazole-based PIs achieve a lower CTE, particularly carbazole-based PI CzDA-PMDA, exhibiting an ultralow CTE of 5 ppm K<sup>–1</sup>. Moreover, PI CzDA-PMDA also yields a high <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> of 445 °C, a dielectrical breakdown strength of 193 kV mm<sup>–1</sup>, and a tensile strength of 152 ± 11 MPa along with a tensile modulus of 4.2 ± 0.5 GPa.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"5952–5959 5952–5959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Pascual-González*, Gustavo Pacheco-Carpio, Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez, María Concepción Serrano, Bernd Wicklein, Miguel Algueró and Harvey Amorín,
{"title":"Tailorable Piezoelectric Chain Morphology in Biocompatible Poly-l-lactide Induced by Melt-Based 3D Printing","authors":"Cristina Pascual-González*, Gustavo Pacheco-Carpio, Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez, María Concepción Serrano, Bernd Wicklein, Miguel Algueró and Harvey Amorín, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0045010.1021/acsapm.5c00450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00450https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00450","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biobased and biodegradable poly-<span>l</span>-lactide (PLLA) stands out among piezoelectric polymers for its biocompatibility and environmental sustainability. Its piezoelectric response is closely related to the crystallinity and the alignment of polymer chains, which is conventionally obtained by drawing techniques. These are two-step processes with tight shape constraints, and the material technology implementation would strongly benefit from the demonstration of a single-step process capable of directly achieving tailored piezoelectric morphology in PLLA biopolymer from polymer melt. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing can play this role, directly achieving tailored piezoelectric morphology in PLLA biopolymer by the microscale control of molecular chain orientation through preparation parameters, such as 3D printing speed or bed temperature. The printing-crystal phase content and texture-piezoelectric property relationships are comprehensively presented, and the key 3D printing parameters to obtain optimized piezoelectric chain morphologies are defined. Results reveal melt-based 3D printing to be a suitable technique for manufacturing biocompatible PLLA piezoelectric platforms that are also biodegradable. A commercial PLLA (molecular weight of 160 kDa) has been used, with which a large shear piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub>14</sub> = 8.5 pC/N) was attained after optimized printing. Biocompatibility <i>in vitro</i> with murine L929 fibroblasts is confirmed for this specific material, opening its use not only for smart monitoring but also for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6067–6081 6067–6081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c00450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Pascual-González, Gustavo Pacheco-Carpio, Juan P Fernández-Blázquez, María Concepción Serrano, Bernd Wicklein, Miguel Algueró, Harvey Amorín
{"title":"Tailorable Piezoelectric Chain Morphology in Biocompatible Poly‑l‑lactide Induced by Melt-Based 3D Printing.","authors":"Cristina Pascual-González, Gustavo Pacheco-Carpio, Juan P Fernández-Blázquez, María Concepción Serrano, Bernd Wicklein, Miguel Algueró, Harvey Amorín","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c00450","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsapm.5c00450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biobased and biodegradable poly-l-lactide (PLLA) stands out among piezoelectric polymers for its biocompatibility and environmental sustainability. Its piezoelectric response is closely related to the crystallinity and the alignment of polymer chains, which is conventionally obtained by drawing techniques. These are two-step processes with tight shape constraints, and the material technology implementation would strongly benefit from the demonstration of a single-step process capable of directly achieving tailored piezoelectric morphology in PLLA biopolymer from polymer melt. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing can play this role, directly achieving tailored piezoelectric morphology in PLLA biopolymer by the microscale control of molecular chain orientation through preparation parameters, such as 3D printing speed or bed temperature. The printing-crystal phase content and texture-piezoelectric property relationships are comprehensively presented, and the key 3D printing parameters to obtain optimized piezoelectric chain morphologies are defined. Results reveal melt-based 3D printing to be a suitable technique for manufacturing biocompatible PLLA piezoelectric platforms that are also biodegradable. A commercial PLLA (molecular weight of 160 kDa) has been used, with which a large shear piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i> <sub>14</sub> = 8.5 pC/N) was attained after optimized printing. Biocompatibility <i>in vitro</i> with murine L929 fibroblasts is confirmed for this specific material, opening its use not only for smart monitoring but also for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6067-6081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Bonds Facilitate the Microstructural Adaptation of Polyurethane to Attain Ultrahigh Fracture Energy","authors":"Hangyu Shen, Jing Yang, Junhui Gong, Kai Zhou, Pengrui Cao, Jianfeng Xie, Xinrui Zhang, Rui Yang, Tingmei Wang, Xianqiang Pei, Qihua Wang* and Yaoming Zhang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0048710.1021/acsapm.5c00487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00487https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00487","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High fracture energy is crucial for engineering polymers, as it enhances safety, durability, and performance. However, the high-strength polymers commonly demanded in the engineering field often exhibit low fracture energy due to limited viscoelastic dissipation. Here, we developed a strategy for fabricating polyurethane that achieves both high strength and exceptionally high fracture energy by incorporating a combination of two extenders: the 4,4′-biphenol (PPDP) contains rigid biphenyl and isophthalic dihydrazide (IPDH) contains hydrazine, facilitating the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. The synergistic effect of these chain extenders facilitates the reversible reconfiguration of hydrogen bonds, enabling microstructural adaptation during stretching. This process dissipates energy and promotes the growth of hard domains, thereby enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the polyurethane. Additionally, the growth of these hard domains helps to inhibit crack propagation, resulting in a fracture energy of up to 519.7 kJ m<sup>–2</sup> for the obtained MPU<sub>0.75</sub>. This work provides a promising strategy that will guide the development of polymers with both high strength and high fracture energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6100–6112 6100–6112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roozbeh Abidnejad, Mehrdad Mousapour, Ziba Fathi, Sahar Babaeipour, Vishnu K. Arumughan, Ira Smal, Hossein Baniasadi*, Mika Salmi and Eero Kontturi*,
{"title":"Embedding Polysaccharide Thin Films in Digital Light Processing (DLP) for Biobased Composites","authors":"Roozbeh Abidnejad, Mehrdad Mousapour, Ziba Fathi, Sahar Babaeipour, Vishnu K. Arumughan, Ira Smal, Hossein Baniasadi*, Mika Salmi and Eero Kontturi*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0041910.1021/acsapm.5c00419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00419https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00419","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This research explores the production of polysaccharide-reinforced thin-film composites using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, aiming to advance options in reinforcing photocurable resin systems. Polysaccharide thin films─including cellulose nanofibers (CNF), TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (ToCNF), chitin nanofibers (ChNF), and electrospun cellulose acetate (CA)─were synthesized and incorporated into resin matrices to develop innovative composites. The films and composites were fabricated and characterized for surface properties, mechanical strength, and thermal stability using contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. CNF composites exhibited superior tensile strength and modulus, while ChNF and CA composites demonstrated enhanced impact resistance and flexural properties due to their fibrous architecture. ToCNF composites showcased well-balanced mechanical performance attributed to the carboxyl groups introduced during oxidation. Thermal analysis revealed that CA composites had the highest onset degradation temperature and residual mass, indicating improved thermal stability. These findings highlight the potential of polysaccharide films as robust reinforcements for DLP resins, offering tailored structural properties based on thin film performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6021–6032 6021–6032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c00419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahil Premprakash Wankhede, Ali Bagheri* and Xian Du*,
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Printing of Braille-Integrated Drug-Loaded Materials: Advancing Accessibility for Visually Impaired Patients","authors":"Sahil Premprakash Wankhede, Ali Bagheri* and Xian Du*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0402110.1021/acsapm.4c04021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04021https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04021","url":null,"abstract":"<p >3D printing presents a transformative pathway for personalized medicine, particularly in designing accessible medical devices for individuals with visual impairments. Millions worldwide face significant challenges in managing their healthcare routines due to nonstandardized Braille labeling and inadequately designed devices. This study utilizes digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing combined with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to fabricate high-resolution, Braille-integrated materials tailored for visually impaired patients. Investigations focused on optimizing surface quality, structural integrity, and tactile readability to enhance device accessibility and usability. Comprehensive analyses examined the interplay between photopolymer formulations, mechanical performance, and tactile features. Furthermore, this study assessed the integration of pharmaceutical elements, such as drug loading and release characteristics, to evaluate the potential for multifunctional applications. These findings highlight the challenges and strategies involved in integrating tactile accessibility with biomedical functionality for visually impaired individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"5846–5854 5846–5854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingxi Wang, Miaojie Yu*, Nan Guan, Yue Wu, Weihong Zhu, Yanqing Wu, Shijie Zhu, Renzhong Tai, Jun Zhao* and Yisheng Xu*,
{"title":"Enhancing the PMMA Photoresist Film via Ozone Treatment and Vapor Phase Infiltration","authors":"Mingxi Wang, Miaojie Yu*, Nan Guan, Yue Wu, Weihong Zhu, Yanqing Wu, Shijie Zhu, Renzhong Tai, Jun Zhao* and Yisheng Xu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0103610.1021/acsapm.5c01036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01036https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01036","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Achieving photoresists that combine low film thickness and high etch resistance while maintaining high resolution presents a challenging contradiction. Doping a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film with metal oxide was demonstrated to provide better etch performance, but the line roughness was significantly scarified. Herein, we report an efficient PMMA surface treatment followed by vapor phase infiltration (VPI) for greatly improved deposition of hafnium oxide (HfO<sub><i>x</i></sub>). By treating PMMA with ozone and infiltrating it with tetrakis(dimethylamino)hafnium (TDMAH), a hybrid photoresist achieving 30 nm half-pitch (HP) resolution under extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) (74 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) with enhanced etch resistance (>120% improvement) and reduced line edge roughness (LER < 10 nm) was realized. This approach provides a viable solution for next-generation lithography by enabling thinner resists without compromising plasma etch resistance, which is critical for advanced semiconductor manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6542–6551 6542–6551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrically Insulating Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymer with High Thermal Conductivity","authors":"Qiang He, and , Teck Lip Dexter Tam*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0042210.1021/acsapm.5c00422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00422https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00422","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Achieving high thermal conductivities and low electrical conductivities in polymers has been a long-standing challenge that involves molecular and process engineering. Here, we present a simple approach by utilizing the nearly long-forgotten benzobisimidazopyrroloisoindoledione (BPL) ladder-type conjugated polymer. The inherent high possibility of cross-conjugation in BPL imparts the electrical insulating property, while the highly rigid and planar ladder polymer backbone facilitates efficient phonon transport, as observed from its high in-plane thermal conductivity of 27.05 ± 1.23 W m<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup>. Moreover, our improved synthesis for BPL enables its high solubility in formic acid, as compared to the insoluble cross-linked polymer synthesized via literature routes. The BPL synthesized using our method can be easily solution-processed from formic acid and only requires a fairly low annealing temperature of 150 °C. These make BPL a very attractive polymer for thermal management applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6003–6009 6003–6009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiaoqiao Liu, Zihao Luan, Xin Shi, Yinxiao Zhu, Zheliang Nie, Bingcheng Ge* and Shuyan Gao*,
{"title":"Breaking the Trade-Off between Strain and Electric Properties in Starch-Based Hydrogel Flexible Sensors via Multinetwork Structures Featuring Ag–S Bonds","authors":"Qiaoqiao Liu, Zihao Luan, Xin Shi, Yinxiao Zhu, Zheliang Nie, Bingcheng Ge* and Shuyan Gao*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0091310.1021/acsapm.5c00913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00913https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00913","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Leveraging the superior conductivity and stretchability of hydrogels to promote their application in flexible electronic devices represents an effective approach to advancing the field of flexible sensors. Starch-based hydrogels, which possess advantages such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity, are highly desirable for flexible sensors. However, the numerous hydrogen bonds within starch chains and the poor dispersibility of conductive materials in the hydrogel restrict the balance between stretchability and conductivity, posing a significant challenge in the development of flexible sensors. Herein, a multinetwork structure is designed to prepare a potato starch (S–S)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide/carboxymethyl cellulose-Ag nanowires<sub>1.5</sub> (PTS/PVA/NIPAM/CMC-Ag<sub>1.5</sub>) hydrogel material featuring favorable stretchability (1343% elongation) and conductivity (1.6 S/m). Functionally, the multinetwork and reversible dynamic bonds enable the PPNC-Ag<sub>1.5</sub> hydrogel to achieve high self-healing efficiency (up to 90%) and recyclability. Antimicrobial tests show that the PPNC-Ag<sub>1.5</sub> hydrogel exhibits excellent inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with sterilization rates of 99.44% and 91.91%, respectively. Furthermore, the PPNC-Ag<sub>1.5</sub> hydrogel is used to develop strain/temperature sensors that exhibit high sensitivity to strain (gauge factor, F = 1.3) and temperature (temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR = 2.5%/°C). This strategy overcomes the trade-off between strain and electrical properties of starch-based hydrogels, thereby demonstrating significant potential for applications in the fields of fever monitors and motion monitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6458–6468 6458–6468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Yang, Hua Wang, Luoxin Wang, Qingquan Tang* and Ke Zhang,
{"title":"Templating Method for Preparing Functionalized Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity with Versatile Potential","authors":"Chang Yang, Hua Wang, Luoxin Wang, Qingquan Tang* and Ke Zhang, ","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0078410.1021/acsapm.5c00784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00784https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00784","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Functionalized polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have been widely employed in gas separation, ion conduction, and energy storage. However, it is difficult to develop a universal method to functionalize PIMs for a variety of movable particles. Herein, template PIMs bearing highly reactive benzyl bromides were synthesized and functionalized to carry four types of movable particles, including cations, anions, radicals, and deformable moieties, showing versatile potential. The ideal CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of functionalized PIMs was carried out to reveal the unique interactions between functionalized groups and gas molecules. Ionic and radical characteristics of functionalized PIMs were demonstrated. Azobenzene-functionalized PIMs were used as solar thermal fuels, showing a high storage energy density of 120.3 J g<sup>–1</sup> and a storage enthalpy of 192.8 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>, which are higher than those of the parent molecule and previously reported polymer-based solar thermal fuels. This work provides a universal approach to preparing functionalized PIMs and demonstrates their versatile potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 10","pages":"6284–6290 6284–6290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}