Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Determination of the Frequency Effect on the Dynamic Stiffness of Pipeline Compensators and Its Lowering Methods","authors":"A. V. Kiryukhin,&nbsp;O. O. Milman,&nbsp;A. V. Ptakhin,&nbsp;L. N. Serezhkin,&nbsp;E. A. Loshkareva","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700278","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article discusses methods for determining the dynamic stiffness dependence of liquid-filled pipeline compensators on the vibration frequency, also during the flow of liquid through the compensator and pipelines, on specially designed test benches. Data of field experiments are given, which show the increase in the stiffness modulus by a factor of 10–100 or more in comparison with the static stiffness for all types of serially produced compensators with a growth of their deformation frequency. It is shown that if there is weakly compressible working fluid, the compensator stiffness increases additionally by one to two orders of magnitude with a growth of vibration frequency, and by a factor of 10–100 if there is a flow of working fluid through the compensator. Based on the obtained study results, factors causing these phenomena have been revealed: these are the structural resonances of compensator elastic elements, pressure pulsations, and generation of vortices in the compensator and in adjacent pipelines. Methods for decreasing the influence of the above-mentioned phenomena on the increase in the pipeline compensator’s frequency dependent stiffness by means of design measures are proposed and have been validated experimentally. It is pointed out that, if the pipeline systems furnished with compensators are designed proceeding from static stiffness values of the compensators without taking into account the increase in the dynamic stiffness as a consequence of above-mentioned factors, this may entail gross errors in performing design calculations of vibration insulation along the pipeline route. It is shown that for decreasing the transfer of vibration through a compensator filled with weakly compressible liquid (water), it is insufficient to decrease only its structural dynamic stiffness. It is necessary to decrease pressure pulsations of different origins in the compensator and pipelines in the frequency range 10–1000 Hz, which is monitored in power engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"652 - 663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the Two-Phase Turbine Tests at a Heating Boiler House","authors":"O. O. Milman,&nbsp;A. S. Goldin,&nbsp;B. A. Shifrin,&nbsp;V. B. Perov,&nbsp;S. M. Zemchenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Ptakhin,&nbsp;V. S. Krylov,&nbsp;A. A. Manukhin,&nbsp;V. O. Miloserdov","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700308","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achieving more efficient use of low-grade heat in the industry and national economy is among pressing problems. For generating electricity from low-grade heat in a single-loop thermal cycle circuit, it is possible to apply a full-flow two-phase turbine (TPT). By applying this system, it is possible to generate electricity from the energy of water at a temperature of 110‒150°С. Such thermal cycle circuit can be implemented using the heating boiler house’s delivery water; in doing so, the heat of water spent in a TPT will be returned into the boiler house cycle. The article describes the TPT design. The TPT impeller equipped with four Laval nozzles is installed in an overhung manner on the rotor axis equipped with two bearing supports. Working water is fed through a sealing assembly to the impeller center and flows via radial channels to the Laval nozzles. The reaction force moving the rotor is produced as superheated working water flows out into the TPT casing vacuum cavity. The article presents the technical characteristics and test data of a 20 kW two-phase turbine unit under the operating conditions of a running heating boiler house. The experimental setup installed in an operating heating boiler house is described, and the results of testing the pilot commercial specimen of a TPT-20 two-phase turbine are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"629 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Technical and Economic Characteristics of Air Cooled Condensers for Steam Turbines as Part of Combined Cycle Plants","authors":"O. O. Milman,&nbsp;V. B. Perov,&nbsp;P. Yu. Potapov,&nbsp;A. V. Kalashnikov,&nbsp;P. A. Anan’ev","doi":"10.1134/S004060152670031X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152670031X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article proposes a procedure for determining the optimal parameters of an air cooled condensing unit (ACCU) for the steam turbine used as part of a combined cycle plant (CCP). The procedure takes into account the effect the number of ACCU sections has on the pressure in the condenser in interconnection with the annual spell of the operation mode considered and the variation in the steam turbine power output and annual supply of electricity. Approximation of the generalized data on the spells of air temperatures for Krasnodar is carried out, and the relative service hours of the steam turbine unit (STU) operation at reduced power output has been determined. The variation of the electricity generation and supply, as well as the CCP power output under the climatic conditions in the south of Russia are analyzed. It is shown that the period of time for which a certain air temperature persists has a significant influence on the annual performance indicators of a steam turbine equipped with an air-cooled condenser. For a combined cycle power unit comprising a GTE-170 gas turbine produced by Power Machines JSC and a 76 MW steam turbine produced by the Ural Turbine Works, the optimal ACCU parameters for its operation under the conditions of Krasnodar have been calculated using the newly developed procedure. It is shown that the optimal number of ACCU sections makes from 18 to 21 pieces. The annual time of STU operation has been calculated and graphically illustrated at its power output <i>N</i> &lt; <i>N</i>_nom and the specified number of ACCU sections. The power performance characteristics for an ACCU containing different numbers of sections (from 12 to 24) have been obtained, including the average values of power output loss <span>(Delta {{bar {N}}_{sum }})</span>, additional loss of energy generated <span>(Delta {{E}_{{{text{add}}}}})</span>, the average value of the loss of electricity generated <span>(Delta E)</span> with taking into account the air temperature spell duration, and the total loss of energy generated <span>(Delta {{E}_{sum }})</span>. The manner in which changes occur in the power plant economic indicators in decreasing the number of ACCU sections from 24 to 21, 18, and 15 is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"611 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Active Methods to Decrease the Transfer of Vibration, Vibration Forces, and Pressure Pulsations through Liquid-Filled Vibration-Isolating Pipeline Compensators","authors":"A. V. Ptakhin,&nbsp;L. N. Serezhkin,&nbsp;A. V. Kiryukhin,&nbsp;O. O. Milman,&nbsp;E. A. Loshkareva","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700254","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article describes the results of experimental studies of active methods aimed at decreasing, by a factor of ten or more, the vibration forces and pressure pulsations transferred through liquid-filled compensators of pipelines in a wide frequency band. The studies were carried out on various test benches equipped with short vertical pipelines upstream of the compensators without the flow of working fluid installed on force sensors and on test benches with a spatial system of pipelines with a pump and compensators installed between the pump and pipelines, and with flow of working water. The possibilities of separate and combined means for active damping of pressure pulsations, one-component and 3D spatial damping of dynamic forces and vibrations transferred by the compensators were studied. The possibility of spatial three-component active damping of vibration forces downstream of a liquid-filled compensator was studied together with studying the effect the cross sensitivities of three-component vibration force sensors have on the damping effectiveness. Possible configurations of a system for actively damping the vibration forces downstream of the compensator are considered from the viewpoint of their maximum achievable effectiveness. The possibility to implement an active closed-loop system for damping pulsations, vibration, and vibration forces downstream of the compensator with an effectiveness up to 20 dB in a wide frequency band has been shown experimentally. The possibility to actively damp vibration forces downstream of the compensator by 10 dB or more by means of an open-loop active system with a reference signal in the frequency band from 20 to 800 Hz has been determined theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The feasibility and advisability of applying active methods for decreasing the transfer of vibration through the pipeline compensators are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"639 - 651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Hybrid CNN-BILSTM Model with Attention Mechanism for Predicting Thermal Load in District Heating Systems","authors":"Xuyang Cui,&nbsp;Yunzhe Zhang,&nbsp;Junlan Yang,&nbsp;Junda Zhu,&nbsp;Lifu Jia,&nbsp;Jiahui Wang","doi":"10.1134/S0040601525600671","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601525600671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is essential that heating load forecasting is both accurate and reliable in order to ensure efficient operation of district heating systems (DHS) and the basis for demand-based heat supply. This study proposes a novel hybrid heat load prediction model for district heating systems (DHS), integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN), attention mechanisms (ATT), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks. The model aims to enhance forecasting accuracy and reliability, addressing the challenges posed by the high time lag and complexity inherent in DHS. To optimize the model’s performance, a subtractive averaging based optimizer (SABO) is employed to dynamically adjust hyperparameters and identify the optimal configuration. The hybrid CNN‒ATT‒BiLSTM model was rigorously tested using a 2880-hour dataset from a real-world DHS and compared with traditional BiLSTM and CNN‒BiLSTM models. Results indicate that the proposed model achieves significantly higher forecasting precision, with an <i>R</i>² value of 0.961 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0241 on the test set, demonstrating superior alignment with actual heat load values. Furthermore, the model’s performance was evaluated across multiple time scales (1–72 h), revealing its robustness and adaptability in handling complex scenarios with high nonlinearity, long time delays, and thermal inertia. The optimized CNN‒ATT‒BiLSTM model thus offers a highly accurate and stable prediction scheme for heat load forecasting in district heating systems, providing a valuable tool for demand-based heat supply and efficient system operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"682 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Studies of Working Fluid Pulsation Reducing Methods to Decrease the Transfer of Vibration through Pipeline Compensators","authors":"A. V. Kiryukhin,&nbsp;O. O. Milman,&nbsp;L. E. Ukrainskii,&nbsp;O. R. Ganiev,&nbsp;L. N. Serezhkin,&nbsp;E. A. Loshkareva","doi":"10.1134/S004060152670028X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152670028X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transient dynamic stiffness values of serially produced liquid-filled pipeline compensators increase by a factor of 10, 100, or more with a growth of their deformation frequency in comparison with their static stiffness. This, naturally, causes the system vibration isolation along the pipeline route to become degraded. Pressure pulsations of various origins both inside the compensator and in the adjacent pipelines are among the most significant factors causing the compensator dynamic stiffness to increase. The article discusses the results of experimental studies aimed at decreasing the pressure pulsations by a factor of 10–100 in a wide frequency band by means of pressure pulsation dampeners (PPD) of various designs. By experiments on a test bench containing a short pipeline carried out with specifying different boundary conditions at the pipeline ends, the influence of PPD designs on the pressure pulsations and the dynamic forces caused by the pulsations were determined. It is shown that through installing elastic elements along the pipeline length, it is possible to implement an efficient pulsation dampening configuration similar to multicascade vibration isolation, which can help decrease pulsations by as much as 40 dB in a wide frequency band from 30 to 1600 Hz or higher. It has been determined experimentally that combined use of a wide-band PPD and Helmholtz resonator helps achieve more efficient damping of pulsations. A change of boundary conditions at the pipeline ends has an effect on the vibration and dynamic forces produced by pressure pulsations in the pipeline. A conclusion has been drawn that there is a need to carry out further studies with the aim to determine the principles for optimal placement of PPDs in a pipeline to minimize the effect of pressure pulsations on the pipeline vibration and on the dynamic forces transferred. Tests of PPD designs—that were perfected on separated test benches—on a spatial test bench of pipelines equipped with a pump and with water flow have confirmed the possibility of damping pulsations and dynamic forces by as much as 40 dB in the frequency band from 30 to 800 Hz. The studied methods for decreasing the working medium pressure pulsations can be useful in various sectors of national economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"618 - 628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Thermal Efficiency of High-Capacity Dry Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers in the Course of Their Operation at Power Plants","authors":"V. B. Perov,&nbsp;V. O. Miloserdov,&nbsp;E. S. Cherginets,&nbsp;V. S. Krylov,&nbsp;A. V. Ptakhin,&nbsp;S. N. Lenev,&nbsp;S. A. Zaitsev,&nbsp;M. Sh. Mintsaev","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700321","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of studying the performance, at certain power plants, of high-capacity dry mechanical draft cooling towers (DMDCC), which have been introduced as an alternative to evaporative cooling systems when there is a shortage of water resources. The key problem revealed from the study is a significantly degraded cooling capacity of DMDCCs resulted from contamination of the external finned surface of heat exchangers with dust, poplar wool, and insects. For promptly monitoring the equipment state based on a comparative analysis of international [ASME PTC 30–1991 (R2021), EN 1048:2022, CTI STD-201, T/CECS 680-2020] and corporate (STO Gazprom 2-3.5-253-2008) standards, an engineering procedure for estimating the DMDCC thermal performance has been developed. Central to the procedure is calculation of the dimensionless cooling degree indicator ε carried out using the minimal set of data from the process I&amp;C (APCS) system—circulating water and atmospheric air temperatures. For the analysis automation purposes, a software system implementing a so-called extract-filter-derive (EED) algorithm involving adaptive dimensionless filtration for identifying stationary operating mode periods has been developed. Application of the developed procedure for the DMDCC installed at the TETs-12 combined heat and power plant of PJSC Mosenergo made it possible to reveal that its sections were contaminated unevenly, and that its total effectiveness dropped by 40% for the summer season of 2023. In 2024‒2025, a patented system for cleaning the heat exchangers with high-pressure water and multimode carriage control was introduced, which helped stabilize the operation of both individual sections and the DMDCC as a whole, thereby essentially improving their performance. The washing of the DMDCC external surfaces implemented with using a similar system at the Serov state-owned district power plant made it possible to increase the cooling efficiency of troublesome sections from 32 to 93%. A conclusion has been drawn that integrated application of the developed software tool for monitoring and the multimode cleaning systems ensures the possibility to maintain stable thermal engineering characteristics of the DMDCC and optimize the operational costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"602 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue Dedicated to the 35th Anniversary of ZAO NPVP Turbokon","authors":"O. O. Milman","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700266","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 8","pages":"597 - 601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Experimental Study of the Flow Characteristics of Geometrically Similar Straight-Flow and Stepped Labyrinth Seals","authors":"S. S. Dmitriev,&nbsp;B. N. Petrunin,&nbsp;I. A. Nikitin","doi":"10.1134/S0040601525601603","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601525601603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various modifications of the Stodola formula have hitherto been used for calculating the leak through a seal. The parameters appearing in the Stodola formula are easily determined in a calculation or a simple experiment. However, for evaluating the flowrate coefficient appearing in the Stodola formula, a special experiment has to be carried out for each throttle type. It is also necessary to calculate the straightness ratio, which takes into account incomplete velocity deceleration. For determining the flowrate coefficient and straightness ratio, specialists of the MPEI Department for Steam and Gas Turbines proposed—as far back as the 1950s—simple relationships, which are still used nowadays without any updating. The problem of more accurately assessing the leaks through seals still remains of issue. An important feature of the dependences for the stiffness of aerodynamic overshroud force nonconservative components on the tip clearance obtained at the NRU MPEI is that there is a maximum in the area of its relatively small values (0.5–0.7 mm). In addition, it has been found that the nonconservative component of the aerodynamic force that emerges in overshroud tip clearances is almost inversely proportional to the flowrate through these seals. Thus, to ensure acceptable leak flowrate through these seals under the conditions of a tradeoff between minimizing the clearance for reducing the leak and increasing the clearance to avoid self-exited vibration from occurring, it is necessary to improve the leak determination accuracy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the methods applied for calculating the flowrate coefficient and straightness ratio. To this end, a special model has been designed and produced, which makes it possible to study geometrically similar straight-flow seals and seals with complete deceleration of velocity in the chamber. It has been shown that, whatever the convenience of using the dimensionless ratio of tip clearance to the fin end thickness for determining the flowrate coefficient, one should not overestimate its versatility, and that the currently used flowrate coefficient dependence on the dimensionless ratio needs updating.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 7","pages":"530 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Virtual Test Results for the Profiling Versions of a High-Capacity Steam Turbine’s Low Pressure Cylinder Stages","authors":"K. L. Lapshin,&nbsp;Yu. V. Ferafont’ev","doi":"10.1134/S0040601526700205","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601526700205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The key performance indicators of three five-stage low-pressure cylinder (LPC) versions having identical first stages and identical rotors are compared using a virtual test bench in the rated mode of their operation. The versions of the LPC-1 with semibowed guide vanes and the LPC-2 with integral guide vanes of the four last stages were also studied in a wide range of operation modes by varying the backpressure downstream of the compartment from 0.0035 to 0.0245 MPa. In addition, the LPC-3 with radial guide vanes of all stages was virtually studied only in the nominal mode of operation. A computer program for 2D verification gas dynamic calculation of the LPC flow path was used as the virtual test bench. In order to obtain stable results of complex calculations, this program was incorporated into the core of the main software implementing the nonlinear computer optimization method, which is a combination of the relaxation method (the alternating-variable descent method, the Gauss–Seidel method) and direct version ordering method according to the performance criterion (the direct search method). The tests performed have shown that in the nominal operation mode, the LPC-3 is inferior to the LPC-2 and LPC-1 in the power output and economic efficiency. In a wide variation range of operating parameters, up to the last stage windage modes, the LPC-2 is more preferred than the LPC-1 in power (by up to 1.8 MW) and efficiency (by up to 1.6%). The virtual tests have made it possible to obtain the gas dynamic characteristics of all compartment stages, and for the last stages of the LPC-2 and LPC-1 compartments—in a wide range of operation parameters, up to the windage modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 7","pages":"523 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}