Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Extension of the Control Range of Power Units: Problems and Their Solution","authors":"E. V. Somova","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030108","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The modern structure of energy consumption enhances the nonuniformity of electrical load curves. With the more pronounced nonuniformity of daily and weekly electrical energy consumption, the requirements for the maneuverable characteristics of power units, which include the control range of the power unit load (technological minimum) and the minimum safe load of the power unit (technical minimum), become more demanding. Due to the problem of maintenance and adequate passing of the minimum of electrical loads during nighttime periods and nonworking days, large supercritical pressure (SCP) condensing power units had to be engaged in controlling the loads. This situation is topical for the Russian power industry in the absence of semipeak power units. For SCP power units, it is advisable to perform unloading under sliding pressure conditions throughout the entire steam-water path. The depth of unloading depends mainly on the reliability of the boilers, the hydraulic design of whose heating surfaces had been performed without considering operation at subcritical pressure. The possibility of application of sliding pressure unloading for SCP units was determined by ensuring reliable temperature and hydraulic conditions of the boiler heating surfaces, in which the state of the working fluid changed from subcooled water to slightly superheated steam. Unloading of drum boilers requires maintenance of reliable circulation in the furnace waterwalls and safe temperature conditions of the steam superheating surfaces. The results of the tests of various types of gas-and-oil fired once-through and drum boilers with unloading at sliding or rated subcritical pressures are presented. The reliability indicators of the hydraulic paths of the boilers and the factors limiting deep unloading of power units have been analyzed. The minimum safe loads were determined. Technical solutions for deep unloading were proposed for the hydraulic circuits of the steam-generating part of the flow path of SCP boilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 4","pages":"319 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Effect of Fireball Position in the Furnace on the Coal Fired Boiler’s Operation Mode","authors":"I. A. Ryzhii,&nbsp;A. V. Shtegman,&nbsp;D. V. Sosin,&nbsp;A. S. Natal’in","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524040050","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524040050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automating the operation of equipment at modern thermal power plants to the maximal possible extent is becoming an increasingly more urgent problem. For coal-fired boilers, the development of furnace operation mode control systems is of special importance. A significant scatter in the characteristics of the coal delivered for combustion have a strong influence on the boiler’s operation mode and its technical and economic indicators. Essential changes in the combustion mode frequently give rise to problems connected with gas temperature fluctuations at the furnace outlet, with maintaining a stable superheated steam temperature, slagging of heating surfaces, degraded combustion efficiency, etc. For estimating the influence of coal properties on the operation mode of the E-210-13.8KT boiler (the factory designation is BKZ-210-140) at the Tomsk GRES-2 thermal power plant, computational studies of gas temperature at the furnace outlet were carried out using the Boiler Designer software package. With an essential variation in the coal characteristics, the calculated values of temperature varied from 1103 to 1150°С at 100% load and from 910 to 948°С at 50% load. The adjustment of fireball direction at the burner outlet by ±15° made it possible to change the gas temperature at the furnace outlet by approximately 90°С. In the case of introducing a fireball direction adjustment system, it would be possible to solve, to a significant extent, the boiler-operation problems mentioned above. An algorithm for automatically adjusting the combustion mode has been developed, which, in case of having been implemented, would make it possible to achieve more reliable operation of boiler unit components, decrease the risk of the heating surfaces becoming intensely fouled with slag, and maintain a stable superheated steam temperature in different boiler-operation modes. A swirl movable burner able to vary the fireball direction at the burner outlet by ±15° should become the combustion system’s key component.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 4","pages":"330 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for Obtaining Carbon Sorbents from D and DG Grade Coals","authors":"S. A. Shevyrev,&nbsp;S. S. Azikhanov,&nbsp;A. R. Bogomolov,&nbsp;A. B. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1134/S004060152403008X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152403008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The industrial production of carbon sorbents from coal is a promising and relevant direction. The starting material is mainly brown coal, which is characterized by a high yield of volatile substances and low ash content. Of particular interest to the coal industry is the development of technology for producing sorbents from low-grade coals with a large specific surface area, high adsorption activity, and low cost. Existing methods for producing sorbents from coals that meet such criteria should be based on various thermophysical principles of influence on the source material. The work investigated one-stage and two-stage methods for producing sorbents from coal grades D and DG mined in Kuzbass. The one-stage technique consisted of steam gasification of the starting material in a fluidized bed. The two-stage technique was based on preliminary decarbonization in a muffle furnace followed by activation with superheated water vapor in a fluidized bed. As a result of experimental studies, samples of carbon sorbents were obtained from coals of low metamorphism. Analysis of textural characteristics showed that the specific surface area of the sorbents is up to 250 m²/g and adsorption activity up to 100 mg/g. It has been established that the composition of the mineral mass of the original coals significantly affects the adsorption activity of the resulting sorbents. Estimates show that the higher the ash basicity index, the higher the adsorption activity of the resulting carbon sorbent. With a one-stage method for producing sorbents from coal grades D and DG in a fluidized bed, a fairly high specific surface area is achieved with a relatively low adsorption activity in comparison with a two-stage method.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"243 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen-Accumulating Materials Based on Titanium and Iron Alloys (Review)","authors":"M. V. Lototsky,&nbsp;M. W. Davids,&nbsp;V. N. Fokin,&nbsp;E. E. Fokina,&nbsp;B. P. Tarasov","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030030","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of compact, safe, and efficient methods for storing hydrogen is one of the key problems of hydrogen energy. Currently used technologies for storing hydrogen in the form of compressed gas or cryogenic liquid require significant capital investments and maintenance costs for compressor and cryogenic equipment, are characterized by high energy costs, and their implementation requires special safety measures as well as the use of hydrogen-neutral structural materials. A promising way to solve these problems for medium-scale storage systems is the use of metal hydrides, which provide the simplest, most compact, and safe hydrogen storage compared to traditional methods. However, the high cost of hydride-forming materials hinders the implementation of this approach. The use of alloys based on the TiFe intermetallic compound would reduce the costs of metal hydride hydrogen storage by more than five times. This circumstance is the reason for the growing interest of specialists in the field of hydrogen energy technologies in hydrogen-storage materials based on titanium-iron alloys. Although hydrogen systems with the TiFe intermetallic compound and its derivatives have been studied for more than 50 years, the search for ways to increase the resistance of their hydrogen sorption characteristics to poisoning by oxygen-containing impurities in the gas and solid phases has become particularly relevant in recent years. This article provides an overview of research and development aimed at obtaining, studying the properties, and using titanium-iron alloys with improved hydrogen sorption characteristics. An analysis of the data presented in the scientific literature is presented, and approaches to the development of highly efficient hydride-forming materials based on the TiFe intermetallic compound and hydrogen-storage systems based on them are formulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"264 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Possibility of Applying Barium-Strontium Cobaltite in Hydrogen Energy","authors":"M. S. Paizullakhanov,&nbsp;N. Kh. Karshieva,&nbsp;F. N. Ernazarov,&nbsp;S. M. Abduraimov,&nbsp;S. S. Sabirov","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anion-deficient structures based on <span>({text{S}}{{{text{r}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{B}}{{{text{a}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{C}}{{{text{o}}}_{{1 - x}}}{text{F}}{{{text{e}}}_{x}}{{{text{O}}}_{{3 - delta }}})</span> synthesized from a melt in a stream of concentrated solar radiation with a density of 100–200 W/cm² created in a large solar furnace (LSF) were studied. Briquettes in the form of tablets made on the basis of a stoichiometric mixture of carbonates and metal oxides (<span>({text{SrC}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}})</span> + <span>({text{BaC}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}})</span> + <span>({text{C}}{{{text{o}}}_{2}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}})</span> + <span>({text{F}}{{{text{e}}}_{2}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}})</span>) were melted in a water-cooled melting unit in the LSF focal zone. Drops of the melt flowed into the water in a container located 40 cm below the melting unit. Such conditions contributed to the cooling of the melt at a rate of 10³ K/s. The castings were ground to a grinding fineness of 63 microns, dried at 673 K, and samples were molded from the resulting powder using semidry pressing (at a pressure of 100 MPa) in the form of tablets with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 10 mm. The tablets were sintered in air at a temperature of 1050–1250°C. The structure, water absorption, and electrical properties of the finished samples were studied. The crystal lattice of the material had a perovskite structure with a unit cell parameter <i>A</i> = 4.04 × <span>({{10}^{{ - 10}}})</span> m of space group Рm3m. The area of homogeneity of compositions <span>({text{S}}{{{text{r}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{B}}{{{text{a}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{C}}{{{text{o}}}_{{1 - x}}}{text{F}}{{{text{e}}}_{x}}{{{text{O}}}_{{3 - delta }}})</span> corresponded to the interval <i>x</i> = [0; 0.7], where <i>x</i> is the amount of element introduced instead of the main one. The most optimal composition in terms of stability of structure and properties was <span>({text{S}}{{{text{r}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{B}}{{{text{a}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{C}}{{{text{o}}}_{{0.8}}}{text{F}}{{{text{e}}}_{{0.2}}}{{{text{O}}}_{{2.78}}})</span>. The average crystallite size of the obtained materials is 30–40 μm. The grains are predominantly in the form of spherulites and curved cylinders. Samples of the material showed high resistance to water vapor. The values of structural parameters indicate that the material made from <span>({text{S}}{{{text{r}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{B}}{{{text{a}}}_{{0.5}}}{text{C}}{{{text{o}}}_{{0.8}}}{text{F}}{{{text{e}}}_{{0.2}}}{{{text{O}}}_{{2.78}}})</span> can be used as a catalyst in the generation of hydrogen and synthesis gas through reforming and oxidation of methane.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"280 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of a Heat-Recovery Turbine Unit for a Self-Contained Power Supply of Compressor Stations in Gas Mains","authors":"V. E. Mikhailov,&nbsp;M. A. Vertkin,&nbsp;S. B. Esin,&nbsp;P. A. Kruglikov,&nbsp;D. A. Sobolev,&nbsp;Yu. G. Sukhorukov,&nbsp;L. A. Khomenok","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030042","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two design options for a heat-recovery turbine unit (HRTU), which generates electricity for self-contained power supply of gas mains’ compressor stations (GMCSs) using the heat of exhaust gases from gas-turbine engines (GTEs) driving gas-pumping units (GPUs), are examined. The working fluid of the recovery circuit is octafluorocyclobutane (c-C₄F₈, engineering name is RC318) in one of the two HRTUs and the exhaust gases of GPU GTE in the other HRTU. The HRTU operating on RC318 has a three-circuit cycle, including three turbines, three recuperative heat exchangers, three RC318 heaters, and one common condenser. An alternative design of HRTU is a vacuum-type GTU consisting of an overexpansion gas turbine, whose inlet is connected with the exhaust of GPU GTE, exhaust gas coolers, a cooled gas compressor, and an induced-draft fan. The excess power of this HRTU above the current power demand at the GMCS is used to create a vacuum at the exhaust of the gas turbine of the GPU GTE. The results are presented of the comparative balance calculations of parameters and characteristics of both HRTUs as applied to a 16-MW Ural GPU GTE. They were performed using the updated initial data and the software library RefProp (in the CoolProp high-level interface) for the calculation of thermodynamic parameters of working fluids. It has been demonstrated that a more compact and easier to implement gas-type HRTU (with an overexpansion gas turbine), although having a lower power than the RC318-type HRTU, can still fully cover the demand of the GMCS for high-quality power and also to solve the problem of substituting imported gas piston and diesel generators at the GMCS within the shortest possible time and with the lowest capital and operating expenditures.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"223 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Heat and Mass Transfer and Gas Distribution in a Steam-Water Volume with Noncondensable Gas","authors":"A. A. Falkov,&nbsp;I. N. Kulakov,&nbsp;E. A. Slepneva","doi":"10.1134/S004060152403011X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152403011X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"285 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Design Solutions for a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage under Conditions of Its Operation in a Single Energy Complex with an NPP","authors":"R. Z. Aminov,&nbsp;M. V. Garievskii,&nbsp;D. M. Anoshin","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030017","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the growing share of nuclear power plants in the energy systems of the European part of Russia and the shortage of flexible generating capacities, there is a need to attract nuclear power plants to participate in covering the variable part of the electrical load schedule. The use of storage units, such as latent heat thermal energy storages (LHTES), capable of storing thermal energy received from nuclear power plant reactor units during off-peak hours in the power system and using it during peak load hours to generate electricity will improve the system efficiency of nuclear power plants. Based on the analysis, promising phase change materials (PCM) were identified for operation in thermal storage systems at temperatures from 200 to 300°C, which is determined by the characteristics of the steam turbine plant of a nuclear power plant, including the parameters of feed water and main steam. For the adopted process circuit of an installation with an LHTES with an increase in the temperature of the feed water after the high-pressure heaters of an indirest steam cycle nuclear power plant, the methodological basis for choosing design solutions for the storage system with lithium nitrate as a phase change material has been developed. Using the finite element method in a computer software package, modeling of unsteady heat transfer between this material and water for finned and unfinned pipes was carried out in relation to the LHTES elementary section. Based on the calculation results, graphs of the dependence of the thermal power of the section on the LHTES discharge duration were constructed. Methods are proposed for calculating the duration of LHTES discharge and the mass of the required phase change material when reducing thermal power. For a process circuit with an additional steam turbine unit with a capacity of 12 MW (for NPP power units with VVER-1200), the main characteristics of the latent heat thermal energy storage and the effectiveness of the proposed solution for different LHTES discharge durations are determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"203 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vapor–Liquid Phase Equilibrium Line for Water within the Framework of the Renormalization Group Theory","authors":"S. V. Rykov,&nbsp;I. V. Kudryavtseva,&nbsp;V. A. Rykov,&nbsp;V. F. Ochkov,&nbsp;E. E. Ustyuzhanin","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030078","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article proposes an equation system that includes functions describing the properties of H₂O at the saturation line (pressure, vapor density, liquid density, saturated vapor pressure derivative, heat of vaporization, etc.). Firstly, this system satisfies the requirements of the renormalization group theory. Secondly, the system is in consistency with the Yang–Yang hypothesis in the critical point neighborhood. For describing the saturated vapor density, the Clausius–Clapeyron equation is involved. In writing the equation system, complexes characterizing the saturation line mean diameter behavior were used. The equation system includes: a) the complexes, which are selected in accordance with the recommendations suggested by Wang et al. for asymmetrical systems, b) critical indices, which are calculated on the basis of the critical point scale theory methods. Using the equation system, numerical values of the water property indicators are obtained in the range from the triple point temperature to the critical temperature. The uncertainty of the above-mentioned values are in satisfactory agreement with the uncertainties: a) of the corresponding data on the properties calculated by Wagner and Pruss in the range from the triple point temperature to the critical temperature, b) of the known experimental data. Various models of the saturation line and elasticity curve are compared with each other. It is shown that the proposed equation system conveys the available experimental information on the equilibrium water properties with a smaller uncertainty than the known models do. Data on the mean diameter are calculated on the basis of the equation system in a wide interval of relative temperatures, including the critical point neighborhood. It is discussed a behavior of this diameter within the framework of some known models.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"251 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept of a Regional Liquefied Natural Gas Fuel Complex Based on a Thermal Power Plant","authors":"V. B. Perov,&nbsp;M. V. Fedorov,&nbsp;O. O. Milman,&nbsp;D. N. Zhedyaevsky,&nbsp;A. N. Vivchar,&nbsp;A. A. Ivanovsky,&nbsp;A. V. Okhlopkov,&nbsp;K. S. Nikishov,&nbsp;A. V. Skazochkin","doi":"10.1134/S0040601524030066","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601524030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A concept has been proposed for the creation of regional liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel complexes on the basis of thermal power plants, ensuring the expansion and reliable functioning of the gas fuel market. The concept provides for the transfer of fuel reserve systems for electric power facilities to LNG, which is produced directly at power plants, as well as the supply of LNG from power plants to regional consumers. A description of a foreign installation for extinguishing gas consumption peaks is given: the closest analogue of a power plant with an LNG fuel backup system. A comparative technical and economic analysis of projects for the construction of a fuel oil facility and an LNG backup fuel system for CHPP-22 of PAO Mosenergo showed that, with comparable capital costs, backup using LNG can provide an economic effect of up to 654 million rubles per year at 2023 prices. If there are large volumes of LNG storage, peak fuel shipments to consumers can be ensured, and the standard reserve will be restored using a liquefaction unit. Data are provided for calculating the costs and investments required to create complexes that guarantee the maintenance of standard emergency fuel reserves in the form of LNG for the CCGT-220 power unit (1778 million rubles excluding VAT). A methodology has been proposed for allocating the costs of a complex of emergency fuels, attributable to the cost of electric power and LNG sold to third-party consumers. It is shown that the relative increase in capital costs for the construction of CCGT-220 with emergency fuel in the form of LNG in relation to similar costs for a power unit with emergency diesel fuel is 1%. The cost of in-house LNG production has been assessed. Savings during the initial formation of standard emergency reserves for the power unit amounted to 72.45 million rubles. The advantage of creating a network of LNG complexes is formulated: reserve and emergency fuel reserves at thermal power plants provide a reliable fuel supply to regional markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 3","pages":"236 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}