Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Thermal Performance of a Trombe Wall of a New Design with Glazing for Cold Climatic Conditions","authors":"S. A. Kostikov,&nbsp;M. S. Grinkrug,&nbsp;S. A. Gordin,&nbsp;J. Yiqiang","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523120078","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523120078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper is devoted to the problems arising in using a Trombe wall under cold climatic conditions. These walls have a considerable disadvantage in cold climates. After sunrise, the solar energy falls on a Trombe wall through the air and heats up the air in it very quickly. This results in insufficient heat storage in the Trombe wall and an increase in thermal energy losses to the ambient air from the room through the glazing. The main purpose of the study is to develop a new design solution for the Trombe wall, which will reduce heat losses through the glazing while maintaining a sufficient level of heat storage capacity in cold climates. Application of this wall will be most effective in areas located in the range of latitudes from 40° to 50°. A detailed description and engineering substantiation of the new design solution for the Trombe wall are presented. A mathematical model of heat-transfer processes and a solution algorithm used as the basis for the numerical experiment were developed. During the entire heating period, the average air temperature in the studied room was kept in the range comfortable for continuous attendance. Introduction of the newly designed Trombe wall will reduce the annual consumption of external energy resources and cut down CO₂ emission by 58%, i.е., its amount entering the atmosphere will be decreased by 18% as compared to the classical Trombe wall under the same climatic conditions. Thus, this study has yielded meaningful information about measures that can be used for improvement of the thermal performance of the Trombe wall for its proper operation in a cold climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 12","pages":"1041 - 1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Comparison of Simple and Cascade Organic Rankine Cycle for Distributed Energy","authors":"O. J. Eyenubo,&nbsp;S. O. Otuagoma,&nbsp;K. Owebor,&nbsp;N. U. Enyinnaya,&nbsp;D. O. Ofotoku","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523120042","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523120042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, two power plant configurations for distributed energy, simple and cascaded Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), were proposed, modeled, analyzed and compared from a technical and economic point of view. It is proposed to use rice husks from a typical mill in Nigeria as fuel for the operation of the power plant, while the working fluids for the studied ORC plants are toluene and R245fa refrigerants. Power plants are modeled on the basis of fundamental technical and economic approaches. At the same time, power generation, as well as energy and exergy efficiency were selected as key technical parameters for the study. The desired economic parameter determines the cost of a unit of energy. It has been established that with proper use of rice husks as a renewable energy source, the energy generated by the ORC power plant can help to meet 27–38 MWh daily needs of the rice factory and its surroundings. The results of the analysis of the energy and exergy efficiency of a simple and cascade ORC power plant as presented indicates a better prospect for the latter. The working/thermal capacities of the plant elements and the loss of exergy in them are analyzed. The directions of increasing the efficiency of the rice husk power plant have been identified, primarily by improving high-temperature heat exchangers. The results of an economic analysis of the viability of the simple and cascade ORC power plants are presented. A simple ORC demonstrates the best economic performance with a unit energy cost of $0.115 per kWh compared to $0.124 per kWh of a cascade ORC. However, a holistic study of technical, economic, social and environmental indicators creates prerequisites for the research and development of a cascade ORC installation. The paper also presents the results of an analysis of the sensitivity of plant performance on the volume of annual production of rice husks, the temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the chimney and the coefficient of the import tariff. A feasibility study of the prospects of the proposed technical solution for poorly electrified countries is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 12","pages":"1073 - 1082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Relationship for Nusselt Numbers on the Side Surface of a Flat Metal Layer of Melt Heated from Below","authors":"V. D. Loktionov","doi":"10.1134/S004060152312008X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152312008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis was made of the developed modified Nusselt number ratio Nu for estimating thermal loads on the surfaces of a flat horizontal layer of metal melt (liquid-metal coolants, metal melt layers formed inside nuclear power plant (NPP) containers during a severe accident, etc.), heated along its lower surface and having an uneven radial temperature distribution. The need for such an analysis is explained by the fact that the use of known relations for the Nusselt numbers Nu for a liquid/melt layer with an uneven longitudinal temperature distribution leads to significant errors in determining the heat transfer conditions at the boundary surfaces of the layer, which is critical, for example, when implementing the concept of retaining molten materials inside the nuclear power plant in case of a severe accident (SA). In the proposed relation for the Nu number on the lateral surface of the melt layer, both traditional (Rayleigh number) and additional parameters are used, taking into account the temperature conditions on its boundary surfaces (including the lateral one) as well as the dimensions of the layer. To find the unknown coefficients in the modified ratio, the results of several series of numerical experiments were used by the domestic ANES CFD code. Using the ratio obtained for the Nu number, a parametric analysis of the heat-transfer conditions on the side surface of the metal layer of the melt formed during an SA was carried out. According to the results of the analysis, the proposed ratio gives good accuracy in calculations (on average, the error did not exceed 7%) and the predictive efficiency of the developed modified ratio for Nu numbers in the range of Rayleigh numbers from 10⁶ to 10¹². Such a relation for the Nu numbers on the side surface of the melt layer can be used in assessing the thermal loads on the nuclear power plant container during an SA and in other problems where there is a radial nonuniformity of the temperature distribution in a flat liquid/melt layer heated from below.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 12","pages":"1019 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting the Startup Option for the Surgut GRES-2 800-MW Power Unit in the Absence of Its Own Steam Source","authors":"A. V. Skuratov,&nbsp;V. I. Gombolevskii,&nbsp;M. V. Lazarev,&nbsp;A. S. Shabunin,&nbsp;P. A. Berezinets,&nbsp;Yu. S. Vasil’konov,&nbsp;A. N. Sinel’nikov,&nbsp;S. G. Filippov","doi":"10.1134/S004060152312011X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S004060152312011X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Matters concerned with the tenacity of thermal power plants still remain of issue for the power industry of Russia. In view of power capacities concentrated within the boundaries of a single power plant, various off-design situations (accidents) occur in it, and the likelihood of such situations to occur increases significantly since the tendency toward aging of the existing equipment is still continuing. The situation in which the Surgut GRES-2 thermal power plant’s generating steam power equipment become shut down completely (so-called blackout) considered in the article is one of such contingencies. To cope with system accidents of this sort, relevant possibilities and means must be available. The Surgut GRES-2 power plant consists of two sages: six 800-MW seam power units (SPUs) and two 400-MW combined cycle units (CCUs). The article presents solutions to the problem stated above through interaction of the equipment of the power plant’s two stages. Five possible schemes for starting the SPUs from zero when there is loss of auxiliary steam are considered. The organizational and technical measures necessary for implementing these options are developed. The minimal requirements for an external steam source (flowrate, pressure, and temperature) are determined theoretically and confirmed by tests. Calculations of the CCU’s heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) are carried out, which confirmed its ability to behave as the external steam source. For two promising options, schemes for the necessary modification of the power units are developed, and an aggregative comparative assessment of the costs for implementing them is carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 12","pages":"1102 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Research of the Aerodynamic Wake Behind the Wind Turbine of the Ulyanovsk Wind Farm","authors":"M. I. Kornilova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Khakhalev,&nbsp;V. N. Koval’nogov,&nbsp;A. V. Chukalin,&nbsp;E. V. Tsvetova","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523120066","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523120066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The task of modeling the surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in the wind turbine zone at the location of the Ulyanovsk wind farm is set. Reliable and accurate prediction of the evolution of ABL interacting with a wind farm over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales provides valuable quantitative information about its potential impact on the local meteorological situation and is of great importance for optimizing both the design (placement of turbines) and the operation of wind farms. The main problems of modeling and numerical investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer in combination with a wind turbine are considered. The main modeling problems include: multiscale, accounting for a highly rough inhomogeneous surface, wind irregularity in amplitude, direction and frequency, accounting for convection, solar radiation, stratification and phase transitions and precipitation, turbulence generation, and choice of modeling method and tool. The problem of multiscale research of the ABL-wind turbine system is considered and an overview of computational technologies for solving aerodynamic problems on the scale of one installation and wind farms is given. An analytical review of methods for modeling ABL and its interaction with a wind turbine is carried out. Approaches to the study of ABL based on systems of equations averaged by Reynolds, eddy-resolving models, and direct numerical modeling are considered; their advantages and limitations are given for solving the problem of studying the ABL–wind generator system. The mathematical model of the ABL–wind turbine system is described. The results of mathematical modeling and numerical study of the aerodynamics of the ABL–wind turbine system of the Ulyanovsk wind farm are presented, and numerical data on the attenuation of the aerodynamic wake behind the wind turbine and the restoration of the velocity profile, as well as on the friction resistance on the surface of the wind turbine blade, are obtained and analyzed. The analysis of the results of mathematical modeling of ABL in the wind turbine zone is carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 12","pages":"1062 - 1072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138746077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience in the Development and Implementation of Modern Systems of Automatic Frequency and Power Control of Large Power Units with Direct-Flow Boilers","authors":"V. A. Bilenko,&nbsp;I. V. Tuzov,&nbsp;D. Yu. Nikolski","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523110022","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523110022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reflects many years of experience in the development and implementation of an automated process control system at traditional power units with a capacity of 300 to 800 MW. It is part of a series of articles devoted to multiply connected automatic control systems, their development in accordance with modern requirements for maintaining the frequency and power of the power system. The interrelations of the main circuits of automatic control of power units and ways to neutralize the negative interrelations between them are described in detail. The problems of regulating the frequency and power of power units and solving power system problems are considered. A simplified matrix of the power unit control object is presented. Three types of autonomy (autonomy I, II, and III) and the relationship between the main leading and driven operating parameters of the power unit are considered. The advantages of the combined variant of the implementation of the Standard unit load control systems (LCS) are shown, which makes it possible to use each technological solution regardless of the current mode of operation of the power unit. A method for neutralizing the interconnections between local automatic control systems (LACS) both in the LCS-1 structure and in the combined LCS is described in detail by switching on compensation devices with the implementation of the invariance of the main controlled variables during disturbances in the boiler’s operation. Methods have been developed and improved to improve the dynamics of regulation of important technological parameters. The developed structural solutions for equipment automation are widely used in the implementation of distributed automated control systems. The schemes of the main channels of automatic control of the power units considered in the article are given, in the process of adjusting the process control systems of which positive results were obtained. The implementation of the optimal settings for the main control loops ensures an increase in the quality of the control processes of the power unit as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 11","pages":"950 - 956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Melt Behavior in the Sodium-Cooled Reactor Core Catcher Using the EUCLID/V2 Integrated Computer Code HEFEST-FR Module","authors":"A. A. Butov,&nbsp;D. D. Kamenskaya,&nbsp;I. A. Klimonov,&nbsp;N. A. Mosunova,&nbsp;E. V. Usov,&nbsp;S. V. Tsaun,&nbsp;V. I. Chukhno","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523110034","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523110034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>For numerically simulating the melt behavior in the core catcher of a sodium-cooled reactor, the HEFEST-FR module—a software tool based on the SAFR computer code elaborated at the Nuclear Safety Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, for simulating the meltdown and destruction of liquid metal-cooled fast reactor core components—has been developed and incorporated into the EUCLID/V2 integrated computer code. This module is intended for numerically simulating the melt retention and cooling-down processes in the reactor vessel with taking into account the heat transfer from the vessel’s internal structures to the coolant. For this purpose, a 2D-problem (implying that there is no dependence of temperature on the azimuthal angle) of unsteady heat conduction for materials located in the reactor’s core catcher tray is solved in a cylindrical coordinate system. The heat-conduction equation coefficients depend on time, coordinates, and temperature, the latter being the solution of equation. Boundary conditions of the first, second, and third kind are used, and heat loss by radiation at the boundary is specified. The total or volumetric decay heat power is given inside of the melt. For numerically solving the 2D heat-conductivity problem, an enthalpy approach based method is applied. The formulations used in the method make it possible to overcome, in a natural manner, the problem relating to discontinuity of material specific melting point enthalpy in solving the heat-conduction problem with taking phase transitions into account. The solution yields the temperature field in melting/freezing of materials (steels of various grades and fuel) in the fast reactor’s core catcher tray. The results of verifying the HEFEST-FR module against the solution of an analytical problem have been demonstrated. Using the module, methodical computations of the fuel and fuel pin cladding melt behavior in the sodium-cooled reactor’s core catcher have been carried out.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 11","pages":"841 - 848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformation Systems for Renewable Energy (Review)","authors":"S. V. Kiseleva,&nbsp;N. V. Lisitskaya,&nbsp;O. S. Popel’,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Rafikova,&nbsp;A. B. Tarasenko,&nbsp;S. E. Frid,&nbsp;V. P. Shakun","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523110071","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523110071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brief review of geoinformation systems (GIS) intended for collection, storage, integration, analysis, and graphical interpretation of spatial and temporal data on various technologies for the application of renewable energy sources (RES) to make substantiated decisions on the development of RES based energy (here in after referred to as renewable energy) is presented. The development of the geoinformation system “Renewable Energy Sources of Russia” (GIS “RES of Russia”) commenced in 2010 and was performed by specialists from the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University and JIHT RAS. It is focused on the spatial mapping of solar and wind energy resources for the territory of Russia. The initial data for the assessment of these resources are formed mainly on the basis of satellite measurements, mathematical modeling and verification of the results against ground-based meteorological observations. The geographic information system also contains data on operating and designed renewable energy facilities and scientific, educational, and commercial organizations engaged in this area. As the geoinformation system has been developing, it has been supplemented with information on the distribution of geothermal energy resources and the energy of small rivers over the territory of Russia as well as with estimates of the specific capacity of solar and wind energy installations, the gross and technical potential of crop, livestock, horticulture, and viticulture waste. The paper briefly describes the methods and approaches employed for the development of GIS, including those for improvement of resource data spatial resolution and calculation of renewable energy sources technical potential considering hi-tech advancements. Lines for further development and improvement of the domestic geoinformation system are formulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 11","pages":"939 - 949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamics of the Coolant in the Outlet Section of a Fuel Cartridge with Heads of Different Designs of the Reactor Core RITM of a Low-Power Nuclear Plant","authors":"S. M. Dmitriev,&nbsp;T. D. Demkina,&nbsp;A. A. Dobrov,&nbsp;D. V. Doronkov,&nbsp;D. S. Doronkova,&nbsp;M. A. Legchanov,&nbsp;A. N. Pronin,&nbsp;A. V. Ryazanov,&nbsp;D. N. Solntsev,&nbsp;A. E. Khrobostov","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523110046","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523110046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of experimental studies and a comparative analysis of the coolant hydrodynamics in the outlet section of the fuel cartridge behind heads of different designs are presented. The considered fuel assemblies are designed for installation in the core of a RITM-type reactor of a small ground-based nuclear power plant. The aim of the work was to study the distribution of the axial velocity and flow rate of the coolant at the outlet of the fuel bundle, behind the heads of different designs, and in front of the coolant extraction pipe and in the holes of the upper base plate as well as to determine the areas of the fuel bundle from which the coolant flow is most likely to enter the sampling pipe and, accordingly, to the resistance thermometer installed in this pipe. The experiments were carried out on a research aerodynamic stand with an air working medium on a model of the outlet section of the fuel cartridge, which includes a fragment of the outlet part of the fuel bundle with spacer grids, dummies of two types of heads, an upper support plate, and a coolant extraction pipe. When studying the coolant flow rate in the outlet part of the fuel cartridge, the pneumometric method and the method of contrast impurity injection were used. The measurements were carried out over the entire cross section of the model. The hydrodynamic picture of the coolant flow is represented by cartograms of the distribution of axial velocity, coolant flow rate, and contrast impurities in the cross section of the model. The results of the research were used by specialists from the design and calculation departments of Afrikantov OKBM to justify engineering solutions in the design of new cores of RITM reactors. The results of the experiments were compiled into a database and used in the validation of the LOGOS CFD program developed by the employees of RFNC-VNIIEF and ITMP Moscow State University as analogues to foreign programs of the same class, which include ANSYS, Star CCM+, etc. Experimental data are also used to validate one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic codes used in Afrikantov OKBM when substantiating the thermal reliability of the cores of reactor installations; the thermal-hydraulic code KANAL also belongs to this class of programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 11","pages":"849 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Droplet Entrainment in Multistage Flash Evaporating Units","authors":"V. P. Zhukov,&nbsp;I. A. Kokulin,&nbsp;V. N. Vinogradov,&nbsp;A. E. Barochkin","doi":"10.1134/S0040601523110149","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040601523110149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaporators are widely used in industrial processes to produce thermally treated distillate by evaporation with concentration of impurities in the bulk of water. As to their thermal efficiency, multistage flash evaporators (MFEs) belong to one of the most promising types of evaporating equipment, in which the consumption of thermal energy for evaporating water in each stage is compensated for by the recovery of this energy in heating the treated water during the condensation of the produced steam. Improvement of the methods for design and operation of these units on the basis of mathematical models of heat- and mass-transfer processes is an urgent problem facing developers and designers of evaporative equipment. Within the scope of the performed study, a combinatorial model is proposed for calculation of the size distribution of superheated water droplets during evaporation in the low-pressure zone of the dirty compartment of an MFE. A mathematical model was developed of a droplet separator designed to prevent water droplet entrainment and ingress of impurities into the distillate. The flowrates of distillate and treated water and the content of impurities in these flows were calculated for each stage of the evaporation unit, taking into consideration the water droplet entrainment from the dirty compartment. The effect of droplet entrainment in multistage evaporators on the quality of distillate was assessed. An approach has been proposed to the design of multistage evaporators providing the specified process indicator under different operating conditions. This approach can also be used in the construction of regime maps of equipment, implementation of measures to improve the efficiency of equipment, and development of systems for diagnostics of heating surface in the evaporators for proper condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":799,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 11","pages":"957 - 963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}