Annals of Forest Science最新文献

{"title":"Advancing forest inventorying and monitoring","authors":"Marco Ferretti, Christoph Fischer, Arthur Gessler, Catherine Graham, Katrin Meusburger, Meinrad Abegg, Peter Bebi, Ariel Bergamini, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Ivano Brunner, Christoph Bühler, Marco Conedera, Pierre Cothereau, Petra D’Odorico, Christoph Düggelin, Christian Ginzler, Alex Grendelmeier, Matthias Haeni, Frank Hagedorn, Martin Hägeli, Karin Tessa Hegetschweiler, Rolf Holderegger, Frank Krumm, Felix Gugerli, Valentin Queloz, Andreas Rigling, Anita C. Risch, Brigitte Rohner, Christian Rosset, Daniel Scherrer, Tobias Schulz, Esther Thürig, Berthold Traub, Georg von Arx, Peter Waldner, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Ross T. Shackleton","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01220-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01220-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evolving societal demands and accelerated ecological dynamics due to global change are rapidly altering forest ecosystems and their services. This has prompted the need for advancing forest inventorying and monitoring initatives to expand their scope, improve data collection, foster scientific understanding, and better inform policy responses. Here, we discuss the collaborative processes followed to develop an Advanced Inventorying and Monitoring (AIM) system for Swiss forests. Further, we provide the key messages that emerged from this process which can be of interest to those involved in similar processes at the national/international level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance of growth ring components and the possibility of early selection for higher wood density in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)","authors":"Yuko Yasuda, Taiichi Iki, Yuya Takashima, Makoto Takahashi, Yuichiro Hiraoka, Kentaro Mishima","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01212-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>We elucidated the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations and the age–age genetic correlation of growth ring components of <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> D. Don by investigating progenies of controlled crossings by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Wood density in the <i>C. japonica</i> breeding program can be efficiently improved by selecting trees with a higher earlywood density and latewood percentage as early as forest stand ages of 5–9 years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Wood density within the trunk is affected by the intra-ring wood density profile and its age trend from pith to bark. Wood density can be efficiently improved by clarifying whether wood density and highly correlated intra-ring components are under additive genetic control.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The aim of this study was to elucidate the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations of growth ring components and investigate the possibility of early selection for improving wood density in C<i>ryptomeria japonica</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We quantified seven growth ring components (width, density, earlywood/latewood width, average earlywood/latewood density, and latewood percentage) for 5112 annual rings of 342 18-year-old trees derived from 24 controlled pollinated full-sib families of <i>C. japonica</i> plus tree clones by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Genetic parameters and correlations among the seven growth ring components were analyzed using a linear mixed model and the breedR package.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a higher phenotypic and genetic correlation with ring density than the other ring components at almost all ages. Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a lower correlation with ring width than the other ring components after a stand age of 5 years. The age–age genetic correlation of earlywood density and latewood percentage was 0.70 for a stand age of 17 years and was strong at stand ages of 5 and 9 years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Efforts focusing on improving earlywood density and latewood percentage may contribute to improving wood density efficiently in tree breeding programs for <i>C. japonica</i>. Traits related to the ring density of <i>C. japonica</i> trees can possibly be selected as early as stand ages of 5–9 years, and the required period for progeny selection may be substantially shortened when selecting trees with high wood density.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aiming at a moving target: economic evaluation of adaptation strategies under the uncertainty of climate change and CO2 fertilization of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)","authors":"Dominik Sperlich, Marc Hanewinkel, Rasoul Yousefpour","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01215-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01215-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>Drought severely worsened till 2100 and eventually outplayed growth-enhancing CO₂ fertilization turning productivity gains into losses for beech and fir. Most scenarios generated notable losses in profitability but economic tipping points were later than for productivity due to lag effects related to discounting. Time mixture of fir and shortening rotation can counteract economic risks under climate change, but requires early admixture and moderate establishment costs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Adaptation strategies to climate change (CC) such as establishing mixed forests are often based on ecological understanding while economic rationale is often disregarded.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This paper studies CC uncertainty on productivity and profitability of European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.). Besides, the economic consequences to actively adapt beech forests by admixing Silver fir are investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used the process-based forest growth model GOTILWA + to simulate RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic projection by the MPI-ESM-LR global circulation model (MPI-ESM-LR) with the CO₂ fertilization effect (eCO₂) switched on and off. We analysed the sensitivity of the land expectation value (LEV) on CC and economic parameters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>CC initially increased productivity, but declined after a tipping point (2040–2070) and later also profitability (2045–2100). RCP8.5 had positive, RCP2.6 negative and RCP4.5 neutral effects on LEV. Switching off eCO₂ turned RCP8.5 from the most profitable to the least profitable scenario and the opposite for RCP2.6. CC generally reduced optimal rotation (<i>R</i>_opt) being scenario dependant, but comparatively more for fir than beech. Admixing fir created an economic benefit when implemented before stand age 50 of beech. This benefit was nullified with protection costs for browsing control (fencing or tree shelters).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Economic parameters (not CC) were the major source of uncertainty stemming from discounting factors and establishment costs. Admixture of fir and shortening rotation can provide a solution to tackle economic and climate uncertainties, but requires early admixture and browsing control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors determining fine-scale spatial genetic structure within coexisting populations of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), and sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.)","authors":"Elżbieta Sandurska, Bartosz Ulaszewski, Katarzyna Meyza, Ewa Sztupecka, Jarosław Burczyk","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01217-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01217-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>Naturally regenerating populations of common beech, pedunculate, and sessile oaks develop strong spatial genetic structures at adult and seedling stages. Significant genetic relationship occurs between individuals growing up to 60 m apart. This indicates the minimum distance separating trees from which seeds used for reforestation should be harvested to avoid the adverse effects of excessive relatedness among offspring.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Spatial genetic structure is an inherent characteristic of naturally regenerating plant populations and has practical implications in forests for the management of genetic resources.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>We investigated the extent of spatial genetic structure in three broad-leaved forest tree species (common beech—<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.; pedunculate oak—<i>Quercus robur</i> L.; and sessile oak—<i>Q. petraea</i> (Matt.) Liebl.) coexisting in the same nature reserve, explored its variation among species and different life stages (adults/offspring), and tested its possible determinants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We explored patterns of spatial distribution of individuals, and using microsatellites, we estimated parameters of spatial genetic structure based on kinship relationships, considering possible sources of variation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In adults, the strongest spatial genetic structure was found for <i>Q. petraea</i> (<i>Sp</i> = 0.0187), followed by <i>F. sylvatica</i> (<i>Sp</i> = 0.0133), and the weakest in <i>Q. robur</i> (<i>Sp</i> = 0.0080). It was uniform across different age classes in pedunculate oak but decreased with age in sessile oak. No apparent relationship between age and spatial genetic structure was found in beech. Offspring exhibited significant spatial genetic structure (ranging from 0.0122 in beech to 0.0188 in sessile oak). The cohorts of seedlings having both parents present within the study site had stronger spatial genetic structures than cohorts of seedlings with only one local parent.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Spatial genetic structure is strong in naturally regenerating populations of heavy-seeded forest trees. Pollen immigration from outside of a local forest stand can significantly decrease the extent of spatial genetic structure in offspring generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest management and former land use have no effect on soil fungal diversity in uneven-aged mountain high forests","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01218-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01218-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Key message</h3> <p>Metabarcoding analysis of soil fungal communities in French mountain forests revealed that harvesting intensity, time since last harvest and former land use had no effect on fungal community composition compared to key abiotic factors. Low-intensity management in these uneven-aged mountain forests therefore has limited effects on soil fungal community composition which is mainly driven by elevation and edaphic properties.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p>Past and current human activities are known to affect forest biodiversity. However, the effects of former land use and forest management have been studied much more extensively on higher plants than on fungi.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Aims</h3> <p>Our objectives were to assess the effects of harvesting intensity, duration since last harvest and former land use on soil fungal communities in uneven-aged mountain high forests.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>On the basis of historical land-use maps drawn between 1862 and 1864 and on historical forest management archives, we selected 62 sites in the French Alps with contrasting land-use histories (ancient forests, which were already forested on historical maps <em>vs</em> recent forests, which have recovered following abandonment of pastures) and different durations since last harvest (from 1 to over 50 years). We carried out soil sampling and assessed fungal diversity by metabarcoding analysis. We analysed soil fungal molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) diversity as a whole and for the main lifestyle groups (such as wood saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal fungi) using multiple linear regressions on Shannon’s diversity index and fungal taxonomic composition using canonical correlation analysis.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>We found no significant effect of harvesting intensity, time since last harvest or land-use history on total fungal MOTU diversity, fungal lifestyle diversity or taxonomic composition. In contrast, we observed significant effects of elevation, pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus content on the taxonomic and functional composition of soil fungal communities.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>The structure of soil fungal communities (i.e. diversity and species composition) was mainly determined by elevation and edaphic factors, indicating a high-context dependency, as previously found in similar studies. Our study in mountain forests shows that recent forests established on former pastures had no legacy effect on soil conditions and fungal communities, in contrast to previous results in lowland areas, where recent forests were mainly established on former cropland. Uneven-aged forest management had no effect on fungal diversity, in contrast to previous results observed in even-aged high forests.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Cryptosporiopsis tarraconensis causing leaf lesion of Corylus avellana in Central Europe (Poland)","authors":"Katarzyna Patejuk, Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska, Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska, Amelia Piegdoń, Wiesław Fałtynowicz, Pola Wasilewska, Magdalena Ogonowska","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01219-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01219-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>As a result of our research, we determined that <i>Cryptosporiopsis tarraconensis</i>—as a new species for Central Europe—is the causative agent of leaf lesions in natural populations of hazel (<i>Corylus avellana</i>). Until now, this species had not been described in a natural population of <i>C. avellana</i> or out of the temperate climate. This is the fifth notification of this rare fungus in the world and the first from Central Europe and the natural population of the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models to predict the radial variation of stiffness, strength, and density in planted noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar in Great Britain","authors":"David Gil-Moreno, J. Paul MClean, Dan Ridley-Ellis","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01214-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01214-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>This study compares the measured radial variation in wood stiffness, strength, and density of noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar by developing mixed-effects models for each property using age as the explanatory variable. These models could be used to simulate the effect of rotation length and species choice on sawn wood properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Timber production in Great Britain relies primarily on Sitka spruce. The use of multiple species is desirable to mitigate against biotic and abiotic risks posed to a single species. When considering alternative species, quantifying and modeling radial variation in wood properties is important to determine the potential for sawn timber production at a given rotation length.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>To build empirical models for the radial variation in wood properties that can account for species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Clear-wood samples were produced along radial transects in trees from four conifer species: <i>Abies procera</i> Rehder, <i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst, <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> (Raf.) Sarg., <i>Thuja plicata</i> Donn. ex D.Don. Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and density were measured on each species according to established standards. Mixed-effects models were built using ring numbers from the pith and species as explanatory variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The same model forms could be used across the four species. Nonlinear models were developed for the Modulus of Elasticity and density. For the Modulus of Rupture, a linear model was most appropriate. The effect of species in the models was significant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>At similar rotation lengths, noble fir, Norway spruce, and western hemlock can produce timber with comparable properties to Sitka spruce. Overall, western red cedar would have worse properties for structural use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes: tree regeneration dominated by fire-adapted, early-seral species increases with latitude","authors":"Matthew Joseph Ruggirello, Gimena Bustamante, Paula Rodriguez, Verónica Cruz-Alonso, Rosina Soler","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01213-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01213-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Key message&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Above 40° N/S, increasing latitude is linked to greater post-fire tree regeneration. However, species dominance shifts from conifers to short-lived deciduous trees, which may negatively impact flora, fauna, and ecosystem services dependent on coniferous forests. These results were primarily driven by studies from North America, highlighting the need for more research that directly measures post-fire forest recovery in other high-latitude regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the size and frequency of wildfires increase across many regions, high-latitude forests may be at particular risk for decreases in regeneration and state shifts post-fire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40° N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conducted a literature search that returned over 4500 articles. We selected those that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40° N/S and retained 93 articles for analysis. Fire characteristics, pre- and post-fire tree species compositions and regeneration densities, and regeneration predictors were then extracted from the retained articles. We fit linear mixed models to post-fire regeneration density with latitude and species traits as explanatory variables and also explored the significance and magnitude of predictors that informed post-fire tree species response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to our expectations, post-fire regeneration increased significantly with latitude. High burn severities and unprotected microsites had negative impacts on post-fire regeneration; higher elevations and more prolific pre- or post-fire reproduction were positively correlated with post-fire regeneration, while management of any type did not have an impact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although forests are regenerating after wildfires at the most extreme latitudes included in this study (above 55° N), regeneration is often limited to only a handful of genera: aspen (&lt;i&gt;Populus&lt;/i&gt;) and birch (&lt;i&gt;Betula&lt;/i&gt;), for example. Regeneration was less abundant at the lower range of our study area. Certain lower latitude forests that occupy marginal habitats are under increasing stress from drier, warmer conditions that are exacerbated by wildfires. Results were largely driven by studies from Canada and the USA and may no","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"99 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory ground data are complementary to satellite bark beetle detection","authors":"Davide Nardi, Aurora Bozzini, Giuseppe Morgante, Angelo Gaccione, Valerio Finozzi, Andrea Battisti","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01216-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01216-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Key message&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;During pest outbreaks, mapping tools play an important role. Participatory projects can provide useful ground data, which have a high accuracy in detecting early-stage infestations and small spots of the European spruce bark beetle &lt;i&gt;Ips typographus&lt;/i&gt;. However, satellite approaches are fundamental to clearly estimate infestation occurrence because ground data are spatially biased. Here, we show how a participatory approach involving nonspecialized staff and based on GIS-based app may contribute ground truth data that are fully complementary to satellite data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Europe, bark beetle outbreaks were recently triggered by windstorms and heat waves, with the European spruce bark beetle &lt;i&gt;Ips typographus&lt;/i&gt;. as the most important pest species. Huge efforts are needed for continuous mapping and monitoring of affected areas, especially during an incipient large-scale infestation. This is particularly difficult in mountain landscapes because of the rugged topography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the use of remote sensing techniques, ground surveys are still an important source of data, providing detailed information on the symptoms of the affected trees and the stage of the attacks. Unfortunately, these surveys are extremely time demanding and require intensive field work. We wanted to assess how a participatory approach based on nonspecialized staff may contribute to data collection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Georeferenced outbreak data were collected in the field in the Southern Alps (Italy) using a smartphone application based on ArcGIS platform. The survey was based on a participatory approach on a voluntary basis, involving citizens aware of forest practices. Visual analysis of satellite images was performed monthly to assess the visibility of reported infestations. Using a binomial model, we tested how the type of report (i.e., on-site/off-site), size of spot, stage of infestation, and their interactions affect detectability. In addition, spot occurrences within a study area were mapped for comparison with ground surveillance. Closeness to roads was tested between reported and unreported spots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;WebGIS platform allowed us to retrieve near real-time information on bark beetle outbreaks and to compare the results with satellite imagery. Using visual analysis of satellite images, we detected only ~ 50% of the spots observed in the field, and detectability decreased dramatically for smaller and early-stage spots. Field observations were mostly concentrated near roads and covered only ~ 10% of the spots detected on satellite images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participatory approach is particularly helpful in mapping early-stage and small infestations, while satellite images are better su","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"10 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three systems of molecular markers reveal genetic differences between varieties sabina and balkanensis in the Juniperus sabina L. range","authors":"Katarzyna A. Jadwiszczak, Małgorzata Mazur, Agnieszka Bona, Katarzyna Marcysiak, Adam Boratyński","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01211-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01211-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p><i>J. sabina</i> var. <i>balkanensis,</i> that is of hybrid origin, and its maternal progenitor <i>J. sabina</i> var. <i>sabina</i> are genetically distinct with respect to cpDNA, SNP, and SilicoDArT loci. Mostly non-overlapping distributions of the <i>sabina</i> and <i>balkanensis</i> varieties are the result of their different climatic requirements.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p><i>Juniperus sabina</i> L. is present in the Eurasian mountains, but its range is severely fragmented. In Europe, two varieties of <i>J. sabina</i> occur: var. <i>sabina</i> and var. <i>balkanensis</i>, the latter being an allotetraploid hybrid between the diploid var. <i>sabina</i> and a tetraploid ancestor of <i>Juniperus thurifera</i> L. The distribution of the two varieties is mostly disjunct.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Assess the taxonomic affiliation and genetic differentiation of the populations of var. <i>sabina</i> and var. <i>balkanensis</i> in Europe and Asia using cpDNA, SilicoDArT, and SNP markers. Identify climatic niches of both juniper varieties in Europe.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Altogether, 21,134 SilicoDArT, 8,579 SNP, and four cpDNA loci were used. Seven climatic variables were compared in sites inhabited by var. <i>balkanensis</i> and the two parental species<i>.</i></p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The SilicoDArTs and SNPs revealed a pattern of population differentiation that was congruent with the cpDNA analysis. The hybrid var. <i>balkanensis</i> occupies habitats with higher temperatures and intermediate levels of precipitation compared to both parental taxa<i>.</i></p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The low genetic variation and significant genetic differentiation among <i>J. sabina</i> populations likely result from the restriction of gene flow imposed by the mountain ranges. The <i>balkanensis</i> variety is able to cope with hot and dry climates probably thanks to the admixture of <i>J. thurifera</i> genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"10 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}