Low persistence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France after implementation of eradication measures

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Key message

Presence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France was studied after the detection of this invasive pathogen in 2017 in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) and eradication of the affected stands. P. ramorum was seldom detected in the area of the outbreak in the year following eradication. However, we confirm that P. ramorum can multiply to epidemic level on chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the absence of larch (Larix spp.). This represents the major risk in France.

Context

Phytophthora ramorum is an invasive oomycete that causes significant damage in the USA and Europe. Although the pathogen has been present in nurseries in France since 2002, the first outbreaks in forest stands were identified in 2017 in plantations of Larix kaempferi in two forests in western France (Saint-Cadou and Hanvec). In order to limit the development of the epidemic, neighboring larch stands were clear-cut.

Aim

This study investigated the presence of P. ramorum in the affected area after the eradication treatment.

Methods

Larch stands located within a 18-km radius of the reported outbreaks were investigated. We also monitored the native woody hosts present in infected clear-cut larch stands and in the vicinity of seven ornamental nurseries that had been infected by P. ramorum on several occasions in the past.

Results

Overall, a very limited presence of P. ramorum was detected in 2018–2021. Two new stands of infected L. kaempferi were found close to the main initial outbreak, in Saint-Cadou and Saint-Rivoal. The pathogen was only detected on rhododendrons and chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the vicinity of the outbreaks. In the Saint-Cadou state Forest, an outbreak of the disease developed in 2019–2021 on chestnut trees even though all the mature larch trees had been felled. P. ramorum was also detected near two of the formerly infected ornamental nurseries, on Castanea sativa and on rhododendrons.

Conclusion

While larches and rhododendrons are uncommon in the forests of north-western France, chestnut trees are present in 21–25% of the forest and therefore represent the major risk for the survival of P. ramorum in the region.

在法国西部实施根除措施后,Phytophthora ramorum(Werres、De Cock 和 Man in 't Veld)的持久性较低
摘要:2017年在Larix kaempferi (Lamb.)发现了Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in 't Veld)这一入侵病原体,并根除了受影响的林木后,对法国西部Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in 't Veld)的存在情况进行了研究。在根除后的一年里,疫情爆发地区很少检测到鼠疫。然而,我们证实,在没有落叶松(Larix spp.)的情况下,P. ramorum 可在栗子(Castanea sativa Mill.)这也是法国的主要风险所在。 背景 Phytophthora ramorum 是一种入侵的卵菌,在美国和欧洲造成了严重危害。虽然该病原体自 2002 年起就出现在法国的苗圃中,但 2017 年在法国西部(圣卡杜和汉韦克)的两片森林中的 Larix kaempferi 人工林中首次发现了该病原体在林分中的爆发。为了限制疫情的发展,邻近的落叶松林被砍伐。 目的 本研究调查了根除处理后受影响地区的落叶松疫情。 方法 调查了位于报告疫情 18 公里半径范围内的落叶松林。我们还监测了受感染的落叶松林中的原生木质寄主,以及过去曾多次受到 P. ramorum 感染的七个观赏苗圃附近的原生木质寄主。 结果 总体而言,2018-2021 年检测到的落叶松寄主非常有限。在圣卡杜(Saint-Cadou)和圣里沃尔(Saint-Rivoal)的主要疫情爆发地附近,发现了两处新的受感染 L. kaempferi。病原体仅在疫情爆发附近的杜鹃花和栗树(Castanea sativa Mill.)上被检测到。在圣卡杜国家森林公园,尽管所有成熟的落叶松树都已被砍伐,但在 2019-2021 年,栗树上还是爆发了疫情。在两个曾受感染的观赏苗圃附近的蓖麻树和杜鹃花上也发现了 P. ramorum。 结论:落叶松和杜鹃花在法国西北部的森林中并不常见,而栗树在 21-25% 的森林中都有分布,因此栗树是 P. ramorum 在该地区生存的主要风险所在。
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来源期刊
Annals of Forest Science
Annals of Forest Science 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Forest Science is an official publication of the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) -Up-to-date coverage of current developments and trends in forest research and forestry Topics include ecology and ecophysiology, genetics and improvement, tree physiology, wood quality, and silviculture -Formerly known as Annales des Sciences Forestières -Biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests) -Forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics) -Risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems (biology, ecology, economics) -Forestry wood chain (tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management) -Wood sciences (relationships between wood structure and tree functions, and between forest management or environment and wood properties)
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