{"title":"Low persistence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France after implementation of eradication measures","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01222-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Key message</h3> <p>Presence of <em>Phytophthora ramorum</em> (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld<strong>)</strong> in western France was studied after the detection of this invasive pathogen in 2017 in <em>Larix kaempferi</em> (Lamb.) and eradication of the affected stands. <em>P. ramorum</em> was seldom detected in the area of the outbreak in the year following eradication. However, we confirm that <em>P. ramorum</em> can multiply to epidemic level on chestnuts (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) in the absence of larch (<em>Larix</em> spp.). This represents the major risk in France.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p><em>Phytophthora ramorum</em> is an invasive oomycete that causes significant damage in the USA and Europe. Although the pathogen has been present in nurseries in France since 2002, the first outbreaks in forest stands were identified in 2017 in plantations of <em>Larix kaempferi</em> in two forests in western France (Saint-Cadou and Hanvec). In order to limit the development of the epidemic, neighboring larch stands were clear-cut.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Aim</h3> <p>This study investigated the presence of <em>P. ramorum</em> in the affected area after the eradication treatment.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>Larch stands located within a 18-km radius of the reported outbreaks were investigated. We also monitored the native woody hosts present in infected clear-cut larch stands and in the vicinity of seven ornamental nurseries that had been infected by <em>P. ramorum</em> on several occasions in the past.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>Overall, a very limited presence of <em>P. ramorum</em> was detected in 2018–2021. Two new stands of infected <em>L. kaempferi</em> were found close to the main initial outbreak, in Saint-Cadou and Saint-Rivoal. The pathogen was only detected on rhododendrons and chestnut trees <em>(Castanea sativa Mill.)</em> in the vicinity of the outbreaks. In the Saint-Cadou state Forest, an outbreak of the disease developed in 2019–2021 on chestnut trees even though all the mature larch trees had been felled. <em>P. ramorum</em> was also detected near two of the formerly infected ornamental nurseries, on <em>Castanea sativa</em> and on rhododendrons.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>While larches and rhododendrons are uncommon in the forests of north-western France, chestnut trees are present in 21–25% of the forest and therefore represent the major risk for the survival of <em>P. ramorum</em> in the region.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Forest Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01222-1","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Key message
Presence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France was studied after the detection of this invasive pathogen in 2017 in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) and eradication of the affected stands. P. ramorum was seldom detected in the area of the outbreak in the year following eradication. However, we confirm that P. ramorum can multiply to epidemic level on chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the absence of larch (Larix spp.). This represents the major risk in France.
Context
Phytophthora ramorum is an invasive oomycete that causes significant damage in the USA and Europe. Although the pathogen has been present in nurseries in France since 2002, the first outbreaks in forest stands were identified in 2017 in plantations of Larix kaempferi in two forests in western France (Saint-Cadou and Hanvec). In order to limit the development of the epidemic, neighboring larch stands were clear-cut.
Aim
This study investigated the presence of P. ramorum in the affected area after the eradication treatment.
Methods
Larch stands located within a 18-km radius of the reported outbreaks were investigated. We also monitored the native woody hosts present in infected clear-cut larch stands and in the vicinity of seven ornamental nurseries that had been infected by P. ramorum on several occasions in the past.
Results
Overall, a very limited presence of P. ramorum was detected in 2018–2021. Two new stands of infected L. kaempferi were found close to the main initial outbreak, in Saint-Cadou and Saint-Rivoal. The pathogen was only detected on rhododendrons and chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the vicinity of the outbreaks. In the Saint-Cadou state Forest, an outbreak of the disease developed in 2019–2021 on chestnut trees even though all the mature larch trees had been felled. P. ramorum was also detected near two of the formerly infected ornamental nurseries, on Castanea sativa and on rhododendrons.
Conclusion
While larches and rhododendrons are uncommon in the forests of north-western France, chestnut trees are present in 21–25% of the forest and therefore represent the major risk for the survival of P. ramorum in the region.
期刊介绍:
Annals of Forest Science is an official publication of the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)
-Up-to-date coverage of current developments and trends in forest research and forestry
Topics include ecology and ecophysiology, genetics and improvement, tree physiology, wood quality, and silviculture
-Formerly known as Annales des Sciences Forestières
-Biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests)
-Forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics)
-Risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems (biology, ecology, economics)
-Forestry wood chain (tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management)
-Wood sciences (relationships between wood structure and tree functions, and between forest management or environment and wood properties)