高纬度地区火灾后森林恢复:树木更新以适应火灾的早期几种树种为主,随纬度增加

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Matthew Joseph Ruggirello, Gimena Bustamante, Paula Rodriguez, Verónica Cruz-Alonso, Rosina Soler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在北纬40°以上,纬度的增加与火灾后树木再生的加快有关。然而,物种优势从针叶林向短寿命落叶乔木转移,这可能对依赖针叶林的动植物和生态系统服务产生负面影响。这些结果主要是由北美的研究推动的,强调需要更多的研究来直接测量其他高纬度地区火灾后的森林恢复。随着许多地区野火的规模和频率增加,高纬度森林在火灾后可能面临再生减少和状态转移的特别风险。目的:通过本系统综述,我们试图确定40°N/S以上森林火灾后树木更新密度与纬度之间的一般关系。随着纬度的增加,林火后的更新密度会降低,而森林更新会受到高度烧伤、森林管理、恶劣立地条件和未受保护的微立地的负面影响。我们还预计,适应火灾的光需求物种将取代在火灾后缺乏这种适应的耐荫物种。方法进行文献检索,检索到4500余篇文献。我们选择了在40°N/S以上直接测量火灾后再生的文章,并保留了93篇文章进行分析。然后从保留的文章中提取火灾特征、火灾前后树种组成和更新密度以及更新预测因子。我们拟合了以纬度和物种特征为解释变量的线性混合模型,并探讨了影响火灾后树种响应的预测因子的重要性和幅度。结果与我们的预期相反,火灾后再生随着纬度的增加而显著增加。高烧伤程度和未保护的微站点对火灾后再生有负面影响;较高的海拔和更多产的火前或火后繁殖与火后再生呈正相关,而任何类型的管理都没有影响。尽管在本研究中包括的最极端纬度地区(55°N以上),森林在野火后会更新,但更新通常仅限于少数属,例如白杨(Populus)和桦树(Betula)。在研究区较低的范围内,更新较少。某些占据边缘栖息地的低纬度森林正面临越来越大的压力,这些压力来自干旱、温暖的环境,而野火又加剧了这种情况。结果主要是由加拿大和美国的研究推动的,可能并不适用于所有高纬度森林。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes: tree regeneration dominated by fire-adapted, early-seral species increases with latitude

Post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes: tree regeneration dominated by fire-adapted, early-seral species increases with latitude

Key message

Above 40° N/S, increasing latitude is linked to greater post-fire tree regeneration. However, species dominance shifts from conifers to short-lived deciduous trees, which may negatively impact flora, fauna, and ecosystem services dependent on coniferous forests. These results were primarily driven by studies from North America, highlighting the need for more research that directly measures post-fire forest recovery in other high-latitude regions.

Context

As the size and frequency of wildfires increase across many regions, high-latitude forests may be at particular risk for decreases in regeneration and state shifts post-fire.

Aims

Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40° N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire.

Methods

We conducted a literature search that returned over 4500 articles. We selected those that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40° N/S and retained 93 articles for analysis. Fire characteristics, pre- and post-fire tree species compositions and regeneration densities, and regeneration predictors were then extracted from the retained articles. We fit linear mixed models to post-fire regeneration density with latitude and species traits as explanatory variables and also explored the significance and magnitude of predictors that informed post-fire tree species response.

Results

Contrary to our expectations, post-fire regeneration increased significantly with latitude. High burn severities and unprotected microsites had negative impacts on post-fire regeneration; higher elevations and more prolific pre- or post-fire reproduction were positively correlated with post-fire regeneration, while management of any type did not have an impact.

Conclusion

Although forests are regenerating after wildfires at the most extreme latitudes included in this study (above 55° N), regeneration is often limited to only a handful of genera: aspen (Populus) and birch (Betula), for example. Regeneration was less abundant at the lower range of our study area. Certain lower latitude forests that occupy marginal habitats are under increasing stress from drier, warmer conditions that are exacerbated by wildfires. Results were largely driven by studies from Canada and the USA and may not be applicable to all high-latitude forests.

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来源期刊
Annals of Forest Science
Annals of Forest Science 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Forest Science is an official publication of the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) -Up-to-date coverage of current developments and trends in forest research and forestry Topics include ecology and ecophysiology, genetics and improvement, tree physiology, wood quality, and silviculture -Formerly known as Annales des Sciences Forestières -Biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests) -Forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics) -Risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems (biology, ecology, economics) -Forestry wood chain (tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management) -Wood sciences (relationships between wood structure and tree functions, and between forest management or environment and wood properties)
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