Annales medico-psychologiques最新文献

{"title":"Les proches aux urgences psychiatriques : enquête multicentrique sur leur vécu lors d’une hospitalisation et proposition de recommandations de bonnes pratiques","authors":"Mathilde Jacques ,&nbsp;Raphael Gourevitch ,&nbsp;Marine Ambar Akkaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The presence of family plays a crucial role in the prognosis of psychiatric illness. However, no study has specifically explored how relatives feel during emergency situations that arise during the course of psychiatric illness. This study aims to characterize the experience of family members after their visit to the psychiatric emergency department, in the event of the first indication for psychiatric hospitalization. The secondary objectives of the study are to suggest ways to improve the situation, such as developing an information brochure for relatives and recommending best practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a study in two psychiatric emergency departments, namely the CPOA at Hôpital Saint-Anne and the emergency department at Hôpital Delafontaine. The study involved 39 relatives of patients who had been referred for psychiatric hospitalization for the first time. We collected data from the participants through a telephone interview one month after the patient's visit to the emergency department. The data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, the patient's experience in the emergency department, and the quality of support and information received. Medical data were obtained from patient records. The statistical analyses were mainly descriptive.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that the majority of relatives who visited the emergency room were women, mainly parents. The time taken for emergency consultation varied. The relatives reported several issues such as long waiting times, lack of privacy, and inadequate explanations of procedures. After the visit, most of the relatives experienced symptoms of stress such as sleep disturbance and guilt. However, very few of them were referred for support on a platform or through a family association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Suggestions for improvement include providing a specific post-emergency consultation for relatives, early identification of a trusted support person, and reinforcement of psycho-education. Best practice recommendations and a brochure for families are also proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 387-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La téléconsultation, une modalité prometteuse pour les programmes psychoéducatifs destinés aux parents d’enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme","authors":"Aude de Gaulmyn ,&nbsp;Marie Boutteau ,&nbsp;Catherine Doyen ,&nbsp;Myriam Rousseau ,&nbsp;Suzie McKinnon ,&nbsp;Jacinthe Bourassa ,&nbsp;Emilie Cappe","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The disclosure to parents of a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for a child has an impact on their mental health and well-being. Programs have been established to support them. One of these programs, “Beyond ASD, parenting skills within my reach!”, created in Quebec, has been tested and validated on Quebec and French populations. So far, the evaluation of the effects of the program on a Canadian population showed interesting results regarding knowledge about ASD, parents’ use of strategies, locus of control, and parental stress, but these variations and positive changes were also observed in a control group with access to another form of intervention. The preliminary results for a French population indicated that parents appeared to be significantly less stressed, and they improved certain areas of their quality of life. These results showed the need to offer support to parents after they were given a diagnosis of autism for their child as a post-diagnosis proposal. Nevertheless, parents are often overwhelmed after their child's diagnosis, because of the accumulation of work, school and specific interventions for their child. French parents also experience difficulties due to transportation problems in the Île-de-France region. The COVID-19 sanitary restrictions only served to heighten these difficulties. Therefore, professional mental healthcare providers aimed to pursue offering a program to parents following the diagnosis of their child in spite of these constraints. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of teleconsultation for healthcare treatments. The objectives of the present study were to quantitatively assess parental satisfaction and their perception of change in their parenting skills after they participated in the program delivered through teleconsultation, and how they qualitatively expressed themselves about the advantages and limits of the teleconsultation modality. We also sought to be able to determine to which type of parents this program could be recommended, the expected benefits for parents in terms of shared experience, learning and exchanges, and finally to evaluate the program itself as a post-diagnosis proposal. The study involved fourteen parents of children with ASD: eleven French and three French Canadians. The quantitative results showed an average satisfaction of 95.36% and an acceptability of 89.46% of the total score; the qualitative results indicated the satisfaction of parents who participated in the teleconsultation program in France and Quebec. They are consistent with the results obtained in face-to-face sessions. The results show the benefits for parents who used the teleconsultation program, while allowing a greater number of people to participate. This preliminary study of the feasibility and acceptability of the teleconsultation modality for parents of children with ASD makes it possible to consider a validation of this new modality. The quantitative and qualitative d","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 421-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les applications numériques en santé mentale : état des lieux, enjeux et perspectives","authors":"Stéphane Mouchabac ,&nbsp;Alexis Bourla ,&nbsp;Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy ,&nbsp;Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ,&nbsp;David Misdrahi ,&nbsp;David Petauton ,&nbsp;Ludovic Samalin ,&nbsp;Ismaël Conejero ,&nbsp;Raymund Schwan ,&nbsp;Olivier Bonnot","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;New, digital-based technologies promise a revolution in the field of medicine. Mental health is experiencing the emergence of numerous innovations such as digital phenotyping, the use of AI in diagnostics, and digital therapies. Digital technology can improve psychiatry by creating new treatment strategies that are available to a larger number of people. It will enable the development of new therapeutic modalities: mobile applications (Apps) will contribute to psycho-education, diagnosis, identification of and monitoring of symptoms in a personalized way, to therapy (psychotherapeutic interventions, coping strategies), to prevention in at-risk subjects and finally to medical decision support. Finally, digital technology can allow us to exploit new data collection methods and thus improve our scientific research in order to analyze, detect, predict and even prevent symptoms. However, many reviews or meta-analyses stress the recurrent lack of scientific evidence for a large majority of the proposed tools and that there is often a significant gap between the designers’ statements and their real therapeutic potential. In addition, some of these proposed tools are said to be emerging because they present new ideas or improve the service provided. Others are said to be “disruptive”, a term that defines technologies that result in a breakthrough by creating new methods or processes that replace those previously used. Finally, those that need to be developed further are described as “immature”, which is frequently the case in mental health. These different points contribute to the distrust observed among mental health professionals with regard to new technologies. But above all, various studies have shown that rejection was not necessarily due to theoretical positions, but rather to a lack of knowledge and information regarding digital technology. The integration of new technologies in the cultural organization of providing psychiatric care is therefore a real challenge. It is not a question of replacing caregivers, but rather of increasing their efficiency. This imposes a reflection on the definition and evaluation of these tools, but also on the level of training necessary for their use. The evaluation of these tools is in essence multiple, since it involves different actors, each with their own frame of reference. Health professionals refer to an evidence-based methodology, based in most cases on studies that respect standards set by the scientific community and evaluated by peers. Developers refer to processes with design standards, development processes and norms to be respected. Finally, users rely mainly on so-called external resources, which can be expert or non-expert opinions (comments on websites, tutorials from influencers, videos of opinions or comparisons). The evolution and complexity of the technologies used therefore require adapted and above all integrative evaluation models. In this article, we will first r","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75943910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting internet addiction through object relations and ego strength: The moderating role of gender","authors":"Morteza Naghipoor,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Besharat,&nbsp;Alireza Zeinali","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed at predicting internet addiction through ego strength and object relations. It also attempted to investigate the moderating role of gender in the relationship between ego strength and object relations with internet addiction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive study included 248 students (124 men, 124 women) at University of Tehran. Participants completed Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Ego Strength Scale (ESS), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of Regression Analysis (<em>P</em>≤ .05) indicated that social incompetence, egocentricity and insecure attachment had a significant and positive correlation with internet addiction while the ego strength had a significant and negative correlation with it. Similar results obtained with respect to both men and women, but the relationship between object relations components and internet addiction was stronger in men. The gender variable, however, did not play a moderating role in the relationship between object relations and ego strength with internet addiction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It can be concluded that egocentricity and ego strength can significantly predict internet addiction and therefore need to be considered and worked on in treatment plans and preventive measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 407-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85506504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une filière spécifique pour les patients migrants consultant aux urgences psychiatriques : spécialisation ou discrimination ?","authors":"Raphaël Gourevitch ,&nbsp;Alexandra Pham-Scottez","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychiatric emergency departments are often on the front line to evaluate and treat isolated and precarious migrants. After a short documented review about the specific needs for psychiatric care within this particularly vulnerable population, we share the experience of the Psychiatric Orientation and Reception Center (CPOA) in Paris; we give the preliminary results of a retrospective study concerning access to care for migrant patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder; and we describe a specific care offer set up for the benefit of this population. However, we keep in mind that an overspecialized sector is also at risk of becoming a relegation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 376-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mishima: Writer of body, life and death","authors":"Nayla Chidiac","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On the basis of a longitudinal study, the aim of this paper is to examine the life and work of Yukio Mishima (1925–1970) in an attempt to understand the creative genius of this renowned Japanese author who took his own life by committing seppuku. Does the key to understanding Mishima lie in his work, in his life, or in his suicide? Was he a manic-depressive? An exhibitionist obsessed with beauty, death and glory? A terrorist? A megalomaniac? Attempts have been made to pigeonhole him into different categories, but he remains an enigma. How can clinical psychologists understand the entangled complexity of all this? What can be deduced from the kaleidoscope of possible diagnoses?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 446-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgences psychiatriques : crise des urgences ou crise de la psychiatrie ?","authors":"Emmanuel Poulet ,&nbsp;Raphaël Gourevitch ,&nbsp;Nathalie Girault ,&nbsp;David Travers ,&nbsp;Karl Walter ,&nbsp;Julie Geneste-Saelens ,&nbsp;Patrice Louville ,&nbsp;Edouard Leaune","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 4","pages":"Pages 347-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exemple d’une équipe territoriale de niveau 3 (« recours ») dans le TDAH : l’Équipe de Coordination Lyonnaise des troubles de l’Attention et de l’Hyperactivité (ECLAH)","authors":"Hugo Prunier ,&nbsp;Lucie Jurek ,&nbsp;Caroline Demily ,&nbsp;Benjamin Rolland","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 6% of children and 3% of adults, representing approximately 481,600 youths and 240,800 adults in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Despite its prevalence, the French national strategy for neurodevelopmental disorders (2023–2027) highlights the lack of dedicated healthcare pathways for ADHD and the challenges in accessing diagnosis, treatment, and psychosocial rehabilitation. In Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the discordance between the significant public health issue posed by ADHD and the local healthcare resources has often led to misdirection and congestion of specialized hospital teams. This situation persists despite the well-documented medical and societal complications of untreated ADHD. At the Vinatier Hospital in Lyon, several specialized teams offer expertise in ADHD for children and adults, but there was no specific team dedicated to ADHD until recently.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;The Lyon ADHD Coordination Team (ECLAH)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Formed in November 2023 at the initiative of professionals from the Vinatier Hospital, ECLAH is a multidisciplinary team comprising psychologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, child psychiatrists, addiction specialists, pharmacists, project managers, and clinical research associates. ECLAH aims to meet the national strategy's requirements for ADHD in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region by coordinating care networks, providing information, training, care, and conducting research in the field of ADHD. ECLAH functions as a resource team, complementing existing structures without replacing them, and focuses on specialization and expertise in ADHD to enhance ongoing efforts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Training Mission&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The team contributes to the “Inter-University Diploma in ADHD across all ages” (DIU). The training “ADHD: From Screening to Support” equips healthcare professionals with the knowledge and tools necessary for ADHD diagnosis and treatment. The “DIVA Adult 5.0: Diagnostic Goal!” training focuses on diagnostic reasoning and interviewing techniques for ADHD evaluation. These programs adhere to current scientific data and ADHD guidelines from recognized scientific societies, with a Qualiopi® certification pending for continuous medical education validation. Following training, professionals receive implementation support through multidisciplinary guidance meetings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Coordination and Information Mission&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;ECLAH is organizing a care network for ADHD in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, collaborating with general practitioners, health and educational institutions, medico-social establishments, penitentiary care, expert centers, and patient associations. The team provides information and guidance to institutions and professionals seeking ADHD-related resources either directly or through its developing website. The team maintains adherence to scientific data and best practice recommendations (RBPP) in the region, fostering expert","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 3","pages":"Pages 297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La gestion pharmacologique du traitement du TDAH","authors":"Laura Parigny ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Bioulac ,&nbsp;Louise Carton","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and issues</h3><div>The management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) relies on non-medicinal measures as first-line treatment, and when these are insufficient, on medication. In France, methylphenidate is recommended as a first-line treatment, but its prescription requires particular attention.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article explores the pharmacological aspects of methylphenidate and other drug strategies available in France for optimal management of ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out by consulting PubMed and Google Scholar, in addition to the latest recommendations issued by the Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) and the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament (ANSM). Inclusion criteria included articles in French and English, published between 2000 and 2023, on the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and other drugs used in the treatment of ADHD and its comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant drug that acts by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline, and its prescription is governed by narcotics regulations. The extension of indications to adults and the variety of formulations offers several options for improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. Methylphenidate requires careful evaluation and monitoring of its efficacy and safety. Some psychostimulant and non-psychostimulant alternatives exist to enrich the therapeutic arsenal for patients whose benefit/risk balance is against methylphenidate, but remain few in number.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><div>Pharmacological management implies the need for a personalized approach to increase benefits, while reducing potential adverse effects. The prospect of marketing authorization in France for new drugs such as lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine could broaden the available therapeutic arsenal and improve personalized management of ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 3","pages":"Pages 315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le diagnostic du TDAH dans l’enfance et à l’âge adulte","authors":"Hervé Caci","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is classified within the family of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), sharing the category with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disorders, Developmental Coordination Disorder, and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, among others. NDDs often coexist with one another and with various psychiatric or non-psychiatric conditions, which can obscure the primary disorder's diagnosis, especially when considering the patient's age and gender. Psychiatric comorbidities encompass both internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and externalizing disorders, including oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. While daydreaming and emotional dysregulation are frequently observed in children and adults with ADHD, they do not constitute diagnostic criteria for the disorder but rather comorbid features. The concomitant presence of these disorders can create complex clinical pictures, necessitating nuanced and careful management strategies. Comorbidities extending beyond psychiatric realms include various sleep disorders (disruptions in circadian rhythms, bruxism, enuresis, restless legs syndrome, among others), neurological conditions such as epilepsy and migraine, as well as atopic conditions, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and certain genetic syndromes, but not only. In children younger than six years old – recognizing that ADHD can be considered for diagnosis at this early stage – the manifestations of various disorders frequently intertwine, culminating in an overarching phenotype. As children age, these symptom clusters tend to become more distinct and individualized. In contrast to males, females diagnosed with ADHD are less likely to exhibit conspicuous signs of hyperactivity and impulsivity. They might adopt compensatory behaviors to obscure or diminish the manifestation of their symptoms. Furthermore, females have an increased likelihood of developing comorbid internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, as opposed to externalizing disorders, which may contribute to the underdiagnosis of ADHD in this population. The prevalence of ADHD is non-negligible, affecting an estimated 2% of pre-schoolers, 4% of school-aged children, 3% of adults, and 1% of the population aged over 60, implicating more than two million individuals in France alone. Diagnostic criteria are exclusively clinical and have remained unchanged for over two decades in international classifications such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association and the International Classification of Diseases by the World Health Organization. The absence of a reliable biomarker to confirm or refute the diagnosis underscores the challenges in ADHD identification. The ramifications of diagnostic delay or oversight are profound, potentially leading to dire consequences for affected children and their families, including elevated risks of suicidal ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"183 3","pages":"Pages 223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}