{"title":"Out-of-hospital transfer of trauma patients.","authors":"J Goldberg, P S Levy, J L Goldberg","doi":"10.1300/j261v02n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j261v02n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined a large number of demographic, hospital, and medical factors that may influence out-of-hospital transfer for trauma patients. Data from the 1977 and 1978 National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to assemble a case-control data set of injuries (n=4576); cases were defined as transfers out of hospital and controls were discharges to home. Controls were frequency matched to cases based on overall severity, site of the most severe anatomic injury, and age. The analysis estimated the relative risk of transfer associated with different levels of the risk factors by the odds ratio. The analysis was performed twice, once for the full case-control data set and a second time for patients with severe injuries. Of the risk factors examined the only strong, consistent relationships with patient transfer were found for marital status and region of country. Individuals who were not married were at nearly twice the risk of transfer compared with married individuals; likewise patients hospitalized in the western US were twice as likely to be transferred as patients in Southern hospitals. Possible reasons for these results are offered.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 2-3","pages":"83-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21142003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling skill utilization among prehospital care personnel.","authors":"L Shuman, H Fernandez, H Wolfe, D Musa","doi":"10.1300/j261v02n02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j261v02n02_05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several models linking skill utilization rates for advanced aids and drugs used in prehospital patient management with indicators of the structural and operational characteristics of emergency providers were derived from empirical data. Because the utilization patterns for each clinical category were taken into account, different models were built for each of these categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 2-3","pages":"63-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21142001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency medical personnel training: II. Components of training.","authors":"P A Sytkowski, L M Jacobs, B Bennett","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nationwide Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) training programs at both basic and advanced levels are in flux, confronting similar challenges in design and implementation. There currently exist the 81-hour Department of Transportation course of instruction as the basis for EMT-Ambulance (EMT-A) certification and the National Standard Training Curriculum (NSTC) 15-module course for training the EMT-Paramedic (EMT-P). The National Registry of EMTs has established examination and recertification guidelines as well as requirements for both levels of training. The two national training courses reflect a difference in disease focus (ie, trauma vs cardiac) and thus a difference in care rendered by the two EMT levels. Variations in both EMT-A and EMT-P training programs at the state level in areas such as length of training and requirements for certification point out a need for greater consistency in training of emergency medical personnel. Evaluation of current training programs based on the NSTC has resulted in updating the EMT-P curriculum. The proposed curriculum includes new course material with behavioral and performance objectives. An ongoing system of training, evaluation, and incorporation of new techniques found clinically relevant is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"11-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21135269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining EMT education: a shift in emphasis.","authors":"A Weigel","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines several aspects of EMT education in the United States. It deemphasizes the instructor's total dependence on objectives and examination results and encourages EMT educators to begin looking at the actual instructional process itself. This concept is encouraged through attainment by individual training programs of AMA accreditation (EMT-Paramedic level only), development of a spirit of collegiality and of inquiry about the practice of teaching, and utilization of formalized primary training and continuing education courses on improving instruction technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21132964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Training robots or thinkers?","authors":"N E McSwain","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21135271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Criteria for selecting paramedic trainees.","authors":"J M Atkins, D Cason, L S Ludovic, E R Thal","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The experience of training more than 700 paramedics and the detailed records of 221 paramedic students were reviewed to determine possible criteria for selecting individuals who could complete successfully a paramedic course. Individuals over 35 years of age who had not taken competitive examinations or college courses within the last 15 years faired poorly. Review of total college hours, college grade point average (GPA), science hours, and science GPA showed no difference between the group that passed paramedic school and the group that failed. Fire department rookie school grades and emergency medical technician-basic (EMT-A) grades correlated well with success or failure in paramedic school. Psychological screening was important in ruling out serious psychiatric disturbances but was of uncertain help in predicting early burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21132961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing stress factors in EMS: report of a national survey.","authors":"J E Brownstone, D K Shatoff, P N Duckro","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existence of stress, coping with stress, and the effects of stress in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are highly current and hotly debated subjects. This article describes in part the results of a national survey of 25 EMS systems in 24 large metropolitan areas. The portion of the survey reported here focused on sources of stress and programs available to promote more effective coping with stres. Results are discussed generally and in terms of the services' organizational affiliations.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"35-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21132963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Need and possibilities for research.","authors":"R B D'Agostino","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"61-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21132965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency medical personnel training: I. An historical perspective.","authors":"P A Sytkowski, L M Jacobs, M Meany","doi":"10.1300/J261v02n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J261v02n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The status of Emergency Medical Technicians has evolved from an undefined role with few rules, regulations, or standards to an established health care profession and a nationally administered program. The evolution of this profession received major impetus from the 1966 report by the National Academy of Science/National Research Council that provided recommended training standards. Development of a training course curriculum for basic life support (BLS) followed. The need for coordinated training of Emergency Medical Technical Technicians was recognized, and funds became available to aid in the national standardization of education, examination, certification, and recertification procedures for EMTs. Concomitant with the attempt to standardize BLS training, advanced life support (ALS) programs grew in number. By 1977 the National Standard Training Curriculum became available and was soon followed by a national certification exam. As states have the option to accept or reject the federal standards embodied in the national training course, there remains variation among programs offered by each state. Because of the difference in need for specific emergency services among the states at a time of increased professional mobility, arguments still exist regarding the desirability of federally mandated training and certification programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":79878,"journal":{"name":"Emergency health services review","volume":"2 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21132962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：