Annals of Applied Biology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of resistance to black bean aphid (\u0000 Aphis fabae\u0000 ) in selected varieties and mutant genotypes of common bean (\u0000 Phaseolus vulgaris\u0000 )","authors":"K. Zimba, P. Sohati, K. Munyinda, K. Kamfwa, Joe M. Roberts, T. Pope","doi":"10.1111/aab.12776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42760329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repellent and toxic effects of Salvia rosmarinus oil against Liriomyza sativae","authors":"Dongsheng Niu,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Liu,&nbsp;Lingling Shen,&nbsp;Huiling Zhou,&nbsp;Minsheng You,&nbsp;Murray Isman,&nbsp;Shijun You","doi":"10.1111/aab.12775","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12775","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vegetable leafminer (VLM) <i>Liriomyza sativae</i> Blanchard is a troublesome pest of vegetable and ornamental plants worldwide. Resistance development and environmental pollution from the overuse of chemical insecticides have driven interest in alternative control strategies for this pest. Secondary metabolites derived from aromatic nonhost plants are recognised components of the plant defence system against herbivores. The essential oils derived from aromatic plants not only repel insects but also have toxic effects against various insect pests, yet little is known about their effects against leafminers. The major constituents of the essential oil extracted from rosemary leaves by hydrodistillation were identified by GC–MS. The behavioural responses of VLM adults to the rosemary essential oil (REO) were explored with Y-tube olfactometer experiments, and the oviposition and feeding deterrent effects of REO against adults were studied using no-choice cage tests. Dipping methods were used to determine the toxicity of REO and Matrine (a commercial botanical pesticide) against VLM eggs, larvae and pupae, while glass-vial bioassays were used for adults. The identified major constituents of the <i>cineoliferum</i> chemotype of REO were 1,8-cineole (23.53%), pinene (23.45%), (S)-(−)-verbenone (12.84%) and borneol (7.47%). REO repelled leafminer adults. Sublethal concentrations of REO deterred oviposition and feeding by adults. Adults were more susceptible than other developmental stages to toxicity of REO and Matrine. Female adults were more sensitive than males, based on EC₅₀ values at 24 and 48 hr after treatment. Rosemary essential oil is a behaviour-modifying stimulus potentially useful in a “push-pull” strategy for <i>L</i>. <i>sativae</i> control, and as an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides due to its low toxicity and high efficacy in the control of VLM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49207314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating effect of different photosynthetic pigments on Lipaphis erysimi preference and population build-up on diverse Brassica juncea genotypes","authors":"Ipsita Samal,&nbsp;Naveen Singh,&nbsp;Tanmaya K. Bhoi,&nbsp;Mukesh K. Dhillon","doi":"10.1111/aab.12774","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Brassica juncea</i> is the most important oilseed crop in India, and <i>Lipaphis erysimi</i> is a major pest of this crop. The study aimed at knowing the role of photosynthetic pigments in host preference and population build-up by <i>L. erysimi</i> on diverse <i>B. juncea</i> genotypes. We found significant differences among test genotypes for aphid preference, multiplication rate and population build-up, and chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in healthy and aphid damaged flowers, immature siliquae and grain filled siliquae. The <i>L. erysimi</i> damage reduced all the photosynthetic pigments across plant parts of test <i>B. juncea</i> genotypes. The aphid damage resulted in change in chlorophyll B in flowers and total chlorophyll in immature siliquae showed positive association with leaf preference, while total carotenoids in flowers and grain filled siliquae had negative association with leaf and bud preference by <i>L. erysimi</i>. Chlorophylls A and B in the siliquae showed significant and positive association with multiplication rate and population build-up of <i>L. erysimi</i> on <i>B. juncea</i>. Change in chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids because of aphid damage contributed to 38.6% variation in host preference and 21.9% variation in multiplication rate and population build-up of <i>L. erysimi</i> on different <i>B. juncea</i> genotypes. Genotypes PM 30, RH 749, PDZ 6, Pusa 119-1-3, Pusa 119-1-1 and Kranti were found with least leaf and bud preference, lower aphid multiplication rate and population build-up, and higher amounts of different chlorophylls and total carotenoids, suggesting their use in aphid resistance breeding programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"201-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal stem rot of oil palm revisited","authors":"Julie Flood,&nbsp;Paul D. Bridge,&nbsp;Carmel A. Pilotti","doi":"10.1111/aab.12772","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12772","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Basal stem rot caused by <i>Ganoderma boninense</i> is the single major disease to affect oil palms in South Asia and Oceania. Although first described in commercial plantations some 90 years ago it remains a major constraint to oil palm planting, with disease occurence increasing with succesive plantings. There is a considerable volume of published research into the occurence, diagnostics and control of basal stem rot but much of this has been focused on individual plantings or local environments. In this manuscript we attempt to bring together reports from across the South Asia/Oceania regions to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and to identify the key issues that still need to be addressed in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the disease and disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"160-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.12772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43189806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive effects of organic viticulture on carabid beetles depend on landscape and local habitat conditions","authors":"Jens Schirmel,&nbsp;Stefan Petschner,&nbsp;Verena Rösch,&nbsp;Martin H. Entling","doi":"10.1111/aab.12771","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural intensification is a major cause of biodiversity loss. Organic farming may counteract the loss of species, however, knowledge about its benefits for perennial agroecosystems such as vineyards is incomplete. We, therefore, analysed the effects of organic viticulture on carabid beetles, a frequently used indicator group in agroecology. We investigated organic and conventional vineyards in two different landscapes (‘simple’ vs. ‘complex’) in SW Germany using a paired design. As a key result we found positive effects of organic viticulture on carabid diversity only in the simple landscape while such an effect was not obvious in the more complex landscape. Moreover, the species composition was differently influenced by organic management between the two landscapes indicating context-dependent responses of carabid species towards the farming practice. We conclude that positive effects of organic viticulture on carabid beetle diversity differ with landscape context and depend on local habitat conditions such as slope inclination and the inter-row vegetation. Our results therefore indicate that organic viticulture benefits are not only highly variable among taxonomic groups, but can have even varying effects within one insect family.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.12771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44998921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant defences for enhanced integrated pest management in tomato","authors":"Simona Tortorici,&nbsp;Antonio Biondi,&nbsp;Meritxell Pérez-Hedo,&nbsp;Romain Larbat,&nbsp;Lucia Zappalà","doi":"10.1111/aab.12750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants developed a series of defence mechanisms to counteract the attack of herbivores. These can impact on food-webs at various trophic levels, in both natural and managed ecosystems, such as crops. The biochemical and ecological bases behind these processes are reviewed here by highlighting the differences in direct and indirect, constitutive and induced defences. In integrated pest management (IPM), several pest control tools are applied in an economically sound way in order to increase the crop resilience and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. Plant resistance is thus a crucial aspect of preventive pest control strategies in several agroecosystems, including tomato. In this context, we review the current literature dealing with the physiology and biochemistry of tomato plants in terms of metabolite pathways and multitrophic interactions. We also describe recent advances in plant defence-based control tools obtained by studying the multitrophic interactions between pests and plants in the tomato system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"180 3","pages":"328-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48419851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of susceptible and resistant potato cultivars on the population of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis Ro1 and on potato yields in a highly infested field in Australia","authors":"Rudolf F. de Boer,&nbsp;John Wainer,&nbsp;Sorn Norng,&nbsp;David V. Beardsell,&nbsp;Nigel S. Crump,&nbsp;William S. Washington,&nbsp;Alan Yen","doi":"10.1111/aab.12769","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12769","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The potato cyst nematode, <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>, is a quarantine pest in Australia affecting a relatively small number of properties in three different production areas in the State of Victoria. The effects of susceptible (Trent, Sebago and Coliban) and <i>H1</i>-resistant potato cultivars (Atlantic, Crop 13 and Nicola) on nematode populations were compared in two trials in a naturally infested field in the 2008/09 season (Trial 1) and in the 2009/10 season (Trial 2). The latter included a bare fallow treatment. The reproduction factor <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> (final compared with initial nematode population) was used to determine treatment effects. Initial population density was very high, averaging 111 and 119 eggs g⁻¹ soil in Trial 1 and 2, respectively. The <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> of population density (eggs g⁻¹ soil) was greater after growing susceptible cultivars (average 1.74 and 2.92 in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) than after growing resistant cultivars (average 0.72 and 0.61 in Trials 1 and 2, respectively), or after a bare fallow (1.09) in Trial 2. This correlated with higher <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> values of cysts 500 g⁻¹ soil and eggs cyst⁻¹ for susceptible cultivars than for resistant cultivars. Average <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> values greater than one in both trials are consistent with more cysts and an increased population density after growing susceptible cultivars. There was a trend of population decline, that is, <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> &lt; 1, after growing resistant cultivars (average <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> values of eggs cyst⁻¹ of 0.77 and 0.35 and of eggs g⁻¹ soil of 0.72 and 0.61, for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). However, Trial 2 showed that these <i>Pf</i>/<i>Pi</i> values were not significantly less than those for the bare fallow (0.68 eggs cyst⁻¹ and 1.09 eggs g⁻¹ soil). The susceptible cultivars Trent and Sebago produced lower yields than the resistant cultivars in both trials. In contrast, the susceptible Coliban yielded as well as the resistant cultivars, suggesting a high level of tolerance of this cultivar to infestation by the nematode. The resistant cultivar Crop 13 produced 34% and 36% greater total yields in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, than the once popular, but susceptible cultivar Sebago. This is the first report of the effects of potato cultivars on a population of the potato cyst nematode in an Australian field. The use of <i>H1</i>-resistant potato cultivars can feasibly reduce populations of <i>G. rostochiensis</i> Ro1 on infested land and reduce PCN risk on land regulated as “linked” with infested land.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.12769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bean YEN: Understanding bean yield variation on UK farms","authors":"Charlotte White,&nbsp;Thomas Wilkinson,&nbsp;Daniel Kindred,&nbsp;Steve Belcher,&nbsp;Becky Howard,&nbsp;Roger Vickers,&nbsp;Roger Sylvester-Bradley","doi":"10.1111/aab.12768","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field beans (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) are the most extensively grown grain legume in the UK but their contribution to farming and food systems could be improved if their yields were enhanced. Average on-farm bean yields have varied between 3 and 4 t ha⁻¹ for four decades but with much variation between individual crops. A “Bean Yield Enhancement Network” (Bean YEN) was initiated in 2019, supported by industry sponsors, to promote crop monitoring, sampling, and sharing of data between farms, thus learning about key yield-affecting factors. Bean YEN continues, gathering new data annually; data from crops harvested in 2019 to 2021 are reported here. For each crop entered, data were collated on agronomy, soil, and weather, samples were analysed for height, nutrient content, yield components, and seed quality, and accurate yields were recorded. A localised biophysical yield potential (<i>Y</i>_bp) was also estimated based on the best (repeatedly observed) resource capture and conversion coefficients and harvest index for beans, after accounting for costs of nitrogen (N) fixation. Over the three seasons, yields were collated from 26 winter bean and 63 spring bean crops, all well dispersed across the British Isles, with sufficient supporting information to make 87 estimates of <i>Y</i>_bp. Average winter bean yields were 5.1 t ha⁻¹ (range 1–8 t ha⁻¹) and spring bean yields were 4.9 t ha⁻¹ (range 1–7 t ha⁻¹), respectively 38 and 43% of <i>Y</i>_bp (13.7 &amp; 11.2 t ha⁻¹); yield shortfalls from <i>Y</i>_bp averaged 7.2 t ha⁻¹ (range 2.4–12.6 t ha⁻¹). Yields correlated positively with plant height, thousand seed weight, total biomass shoot⁻¹, seeds pod⁻¹, harvest index and total straw biomass (t ha⁻¹) in both winter and spring crops. In spring crops, the number of pods shoot⁻¹ was also positively correlated with yield. Correlations suggested that growers could enhance yields by favouring an ideotype with deep roots, tall, multi-noded stems, and prolonged canopy survival. This ideotype will be subject to modification and improvement after data are collected through future seasons of Bean YEN. The accumulating Bean YEN dataset is enabling benchmarks to be derived for crop attributes that should guide growers in their quest for sustained yield enhancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 2","pages":"137-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science and user-based co-development of a farmland earthworm survey facilitated using digital media: Insights and policy implications","authors":"Jacqueline L. Stroud,&nbsp;Keith W. T. Goulding","doi":"10.1111/aab.12766","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aab.12766","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Science–farming partnerships can improve our understanding of how land management behaviours sustain or enhance life-sustaining soil ecosystems. However, it remains a challenge to establish partnerships between researchers and practitioners that complement the ways in which farmers acquire and value knowledge and can also advance soil science. A pilot study was conducted to explore these issues in relation to earthworm monitoring. It showed that farmers were interested in comparing their field results to research experiments to inform their decision-making. Social media was used to support farmers' earthworm monitoring schemes, with a concomitant sampling of research experiments to create capacity for shared learning. Constructive feedback from the scientific community was sought using an online questionnaire. An Autumn 2018 survey generated 152 field analyses from farmlands in England, and 48% of participants' fields and the research experiment showed no evidence for earthworms being widespread and/or the presence of all three ecological groups of earthworms. A Spring 2019 survey generated earthworm population data from farmland soils around the world, amassing 11,464 earthworms assessed over 2,200 ha in the UK. A total of 12 scientists (from 30 questionnaire invitations) volunteered their time and expertise to support the survey. Conclusions helped to prioritise future improvements in earthworm monitoring, which should include photographs of earthworms for verification of the data, long-term monitoring and integration with soil properties. Most (83%) perceived this earthworm survey would likely improve farmland soil health and so would recommend its use in the UK. The survey is being independently taken forward and used as a metric by both private and public stakeholders, demonstrating authentic knowledge transfer in soil science.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"181 1","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.12766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47033818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phenological scale of statice","authors":"P. A. Buffon, N. Streck, N. T. Schwab, L. O. Uhlmann, Regina Tomiozzo, Elton Ferreira Lima, Jainara Fresinghelli Netto, Veronica Fuzer Guarienti","doi":"10.1111/aab.12765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}