Annals of Applied Biology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring genetic resistance to brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) biotype-4 in rice germplasm","authors":"Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi,&nbsp;Debajyoti Roy,&nbsp;C. Anilkumar,&nbsp;G. Basana-Gowda,&nbsp;C. Parameswaran,&nbsp;S. Sabarinathan,&nbsp;Kiran Gandhi Bapatla,&nbsp;Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1111/aab.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Stål) is a major rice pest, with infestations increasing in India in recent decades. While various control methods exist, deploying resistant rice varieties is economical. Among the four known <i>N. lugens</i> biotypes in the world, biotype-4 predominates in India, overcoming plant resistance through biochemical and molecular adaptations. Molecular markers, particularly DNA-based markers, were employed to characterise resistance-associated loci, enabling precise screening and selection of resistant genotypes. Hence, in this study, 22 previously reported resistant rice germplasms carrying different resistant <i>QTL</i>s/genes, along with resistant check (Salkathi), susceptible check (TN-1) and four popular varieties, were used for both phenotypic and genotypic studies. A phenotypic screening over three years identified two highly resistant genotypes (Dhobanumberi &amp; Salkathi with score 1) and eight resistant genotypes (score 3). Additionally, resistance genotypes exhibited lower plant damage (4%–23%), reduced honeydew excretion (4.8%–6.5%), lower nymphal survival (29%–47%) and delayed wilting (18–23 days) compared to susceptible genotypes. Genetic analysis revealed an average genetic diversity of 0.269 and a polymorphism information content of 0.228 across 89 markers linked to 31 resistance <i>QTLs</i>/genes. Cluster and population structure analyses grouped the genotypes into three primary genetic clusters, which were further validated by principal coordinate analysis, distinguishing susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant genotypes. Genetic variation analysis indicated that 92% of the variation was within the population, while 8% was among the populations. Marker-trait association analysis using generalised linear models (GLM) and mixed-linear models (MLM) identified five significant markers associated with <i>N. lugens</i> resistance, viz. RM261 (<i>Bph15</i>), RM1305 (<i>Bph12</i>), RM6843 (<i>Qbph2</i>), RM6869 (<i>Bph2</i>) and RM16853 (<i>Bph27</i>). Among them, RM261 (<i>Bph15</i>) was found significantly associated (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) with <i>N. lugens</i> resistance in both GLM and MLM approaches. These identified resistant sources and genes against BPH biotype-4 would be useful for the development of durable resistant varieties against <i>N. lugens</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR vs. nematodes: A new era of genetic solutions for potato crop protection","authors":"Karam Mostafa,&nbsp;Mohamed Farah Abdulla,&nbsp;Momna Mehmood,&nbsp;Gökhan Aydınlı,&nbsp;Nouraiz Ahmed Tanveer,&nbsp;Walid B. Abdelaal,&nbsp;Musa Kavas","doi":"10.1111/aab.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.), a cornerstone of global food security, is valued for its nutritional value and diverse uses but faces significant production problems caused by plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly potato cyst nematodes (<i>Globodera rostochiensis</i> and <i>G. pallida</i>) and root-knot nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.). These pests cause significant yield and economic losses worldwide, worsened by the persistence of nematode cysts in the soil and the limited use of chemical nematicides due to environmental concerns. This review focuses on nematode biology, their impact on potato production, and various control strategies. It highlights the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for the development of nematode-resistant potato varieties through precision genetic modifications, as well as resistance traditionally established by transferring resistance genes. Successful applications of CRISPR/Cas in potato, including targeting susceptibility genes such as StDND1 and StDMR6-1 for disease resistance, demonstrate its efficacy, although nematode-specific applications remain under-explored. Challenges in genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9, such as polyploidy, off-target effects, and problems in the gene delivery system, have been addressed. Future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for strategic advancements in CRISPR-based approaches to develop superior cultivars with durable, broad-spectrum resistance to agricultural stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"157-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic and abiotic modulation of drought effects on aphids and plants","authors":"Victor Sadras,&nbsp;Jaime Jiménez,&nbsp;Miluska López Juncay,&nbsp;Aránzazu Moreno,&nbsp;Alberto Fereres","doi":"10.1111/aab.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interactions between environmental factors are a major source of ecosystem complexity. Here we re-analyse published data to define the type of relationships between drought and biotic and abiotic factors affecting plants and aphids from molecular to community scales. Out of 329 pair-wise relationships, 55% were additive, 36% antagonistic and 9% synergistic. The type of relationship varied with plant and aphid trait; plant and aphid genotype; timing, duration and intensity of stress in relation to plant and aphid developmental stage; intra- and inter-specific competition; and relations at higher trophic levels. We identify two aspects to make future research in this field more effective. First, frameworks are needed to scale from molecular cross-talk between stresses to the relevant traits: crop yield in agriculture and fitness in nature. Second, experiments require a shift from a nominal (e.g., well-watered, droughted) to a quantitative characterisation of stress, and realistic conditions to avoid artefacts from over-simplified settings, for example, roots confined to pots, insects confined to cages. In the absence of predictive frameworks, interventions in agriculture and conservation are needed that are robust to the uncertainty in the type of relationship, that is, antagonistic, additive or synergistic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptions of plant viruses: Updating the top viruses with insights from the top virologists","authors":"Miguel A. Aranda","doi":"10.1111/aab.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of 2022, &lt;i&gt;Annals of Applied Biology&lt;/i&gt; launched the &lt;i&gt;Descriptions of Plant Viruses&lt;/i&gt; (DPV) article series with the primary goal of feeding the DPV database (https://www.dpvweb.net/dpv) with new entries and revising existing ones. The DPV database has a long and significant tradition within the Association of Applied Biologists; it began in 1970 with the description of cucumber mosaic virus and contains both historical and updated descriptions of plant viruses, totalling over 400 DPVs (Aranda &amp; Gibbs, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Since 2022, &lt;i&gt;Annals&lt;/i&gt; has published six DPVs, all of them excellent reviews that comprehensively cover all aspects of the biology of the virus in question, written by leading experts in the field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The series began with the DPV on turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (Nellist et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), a virus that severely affects numerous crops and holds fundamental and biotechnological interest. Nellist et al. (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) maintained the quality and spirit of the best previous DPVs and set the example of how to craft an excellent DPV for this new series. They brought together authors who had made critical contributions to various aspects of TuMV biology, skilfully combining classical plant virology knowledge—including diagnostics, epidemiology, and control—with more modern insights such as molecular host–virus interactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following the TuMV DPV, others have been published on tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (Fiallo-Olivé &amp; Navas-Castillo, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), plum pox virus (PPV) (García et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), citrus tristeza virus (CTV) (Sun et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (Rabadán et al., &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Tiberini et al., &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). In line with the journal's mission, all of these DPVs share the common feature of describing viruses with high applied relevance. For instance, PPV and CTV are arguably the most important viral pathogens of woody fruit trees. The economic losses caused by Sharka disease, whose causal agent is PPV, have recently been estimated at over €2.4 billion over the past 28 years. Quick decline epidemics (caused by CTV) in citrus grafted onto sour orange rootstocks have destroyed millions of trees across South America, California, Florida, Spain, Israel, and other production regions (García et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Sun et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In fact, CTV is particularly interesting in terms of control; managing stem pitting—CTV's second most important disease manifestation—has become a unique large-scale example of cross-protection, allowing disease control in extensive citrus-growing areas. Appropriately, the CTV DPV is dedicated to Prof. Moshe Bar-Joseph, a world-renowned researcher who devoted more than 50 years to citrus disease research and was a pioneer in the study of CTV and other closteroviruses (Sun et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The other four viruse","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is artificial intelligence revolutionising agricultural sciences yet? An AI-based bibliometric analysis","authors":"Marcin Kozak","doi":"10.1111/aab.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly influencing both the general public and scientific research, yet its adoption in agricultural sciences remains unclear. While recent reviews suggest that AI has already permeated agricultural research, no systematic study has examined this phenomenon. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to assess AI-related publication trends using metadata from 14 agricultural and applied biology journals, along with a reference methodological journal (<i>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture</i>), covering the period from 2010 to 2023. The findings reveal a significant rise in AI-related studies in methodological quantitative research for agricultural sciences, with over 60% of recent articles in <i>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture</i> incorporating AI. This trend, however, has not yet extended to applied agricultural research, where AI-related publications remain a small fraction of the total output. These results indicate that while AI is transforming methodological studies related to data science for agriculture, its broader adoption in applied agricultural research is still in its early stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 1","pages":"121-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, physiological and biochemical insights into heat stress response in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)","authors":"Ragini Bhardwaj,&nbsp; Gayacharan,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Renu Pandey,&nbsp;Akshay Talukdar,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar Meena,&nbsp;Rakesh Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar,&nbsp;Suphiya Khan,&nbsp;Gyanendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1111/aab.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>) is a warm-season legume crop and plays a crucial role in food and nutritional security in South and Southeast Asia. Being a legume crop, it also plays a role in ecosystem sustainability. However, crop cultivation is facing an imminent threat amid the recent rise in global temperature. The optimum temperature range for mungbean cultivation is 28–35°C, although some genotypes can grow well even up to 40°C of atmospheric temperature. Therefore, in this study, 1515 mungbean accessions were initially screened for heat-responsive morphological and physiological traits to identify superior genotypes. From this preliminary screening, 75 diverse accessions were selected for a more comprehensive evaluation of heat-responsive traits. Subsequently, 32 promising genotypes were chosen for an in-depth analysis of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities under both heat-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Certain genotypes, namely IC76475, IC418452 and IC489062, were superior for multiple heat stress-responsive traits. The phenotypic expression of these genotypes was further validated under controlled environmental conditions. Their heat stress tolerance was confirmed through RT-PCR analysis of key candidate genes (<i>GmAKT2</i>, <i>Cu</i>/<i>ZnSOD</i>, <i>APX1</i> and <i>CAT1</i>). The findings from this study will aid in developing mungbean cultivars with enhanced tolerance to heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"239-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How much additive mortality is needed to suppress an outbreak?—A neglected question in forest insect pest management","authors":"Rob C. Johns,&nbsp;S. Edwards,&nbsp;D. T. Quiring,&nbsp;G. Moreau,&nbsp;M. Stastny","doi":"10.1111/aab.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concepts of compensation and additive mortality form the ecological basis for understanding animal population responses to exploitation by humans. In the context of pest management, compensation is a density-dependent response that allows populations to offset control-related mortality, often via increased survival or reinvasion. Additive mortality, in contrast, accrues when a population's compensatory capacity is insufficient to offset losses, resulting in a net reduction in population size or growth rate. These concepts are rarely considered in forest insect pest management, which tends to emphasise short-term plant protection over long-term population control. We used published life table data for a major native forest insect defoliator, the spruce budworm (<i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i> [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) to simulate the amount of additive mortality required to suppress an outbreak. Simulations also assessed how the failure to account for different compensatory responses could hinder successful control. Our results suggest that only relatively modest amounts of additive mortality (perhaps as low as approximately 8%–18%) may be needed to stop spruce budworm from outbreaking, with immigration being the strongest potential compensatory hindrance to outbreak suppression. Many of the compensatory responses that thwarted outbreak suppression in the past (e.g., low detection efficiency, immigration, indiscriminate killing of predators and parasitoids) have contemporary solutions that could increase additive mortality and thereby enhance the feasibility of population control strategies for native forest insect pests. Our results suggest that some native forest insect pests may require relatively little additive mortality to suppress outbreaks if compensation-limiting strategies are used. Incorporating theoretical and strategic frameworks used in vertebrate population management could advance the development of native insect population control programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro digestibility of Urochloa decumbens inoculated with fungi isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of sheep","authors":"Claudio Eduardo Silva Freitas,&nbsp;Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira,&nbsp;Higor Alexandre Rodrigues Maia,&nbsp;Angélica Alves De Moura Freitas,&nbsp;Herymá Giovane De Oliveira Silva,&nbsp;Fernando Santos Magaço,&nbsp;Vera Lúcia Dos Santos,&nbsp;Aline Daniela Lopes Júlio,&nbsp;Felipe Gomes Da Silva,&nbsp;Luciana Castro Geraseev,&nbsp;Eduardo Robson Duarte","doi":"10.1111/aab.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pastures are the basis of ruminant feed; however, forage digestibility decreases in the dry season. In this study, the aims were to identify selected fungus isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Santa Inês sheep and to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of <i>Urochloa decumbens</i> (UD) hay inoculated with these fungi. Sequence analysis of the rDNA ITS regions and fragments of the encoding β-tubulin gene permitted identification of the isolate O45M1 as <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. The isolate B13M2 was identified as <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> considering the sequence analysis of the ITS region and the gene encoding elongation factor 1-α. The coefficients of in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) of lignified UD were evaluated in ruminal fluid collected in three periods of 21 days. The ruminal fluid was inoculated with sterile Sabouraud broth (control), with <i>A. terreus</i> (O45 M1), with <i>T. longibrachiatum</i> (B13 M2), or with a mixture of these fungi. The DMD of hay was higher (<i>p</i> &lt; .01, Fisher LSD test) when inoculated with the B13M2 isolate (47.31%) in comparison to the control (35.69%) for the three periods of collection of the ruminal fluid. The presence of mycelial fungi was detected in samples of the ruminal medium during three times of incubation (0, 24 and 72 h) in a ruminal simulator. Additionally, after the acid digestion, at 72 h of incubation, the population of mycelial fungi was significantly higher when the ruminal fluid was inoculated with isolate B13M2 (<i>p</i> &lt; .05, Fisher LSD test), indicating resilience. B13M2 addition increases the DMD of lignified UD, showing potential for the development of probiotic or microbial additives for ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"280-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triticale–lupin intercropping offers a viable option for low-input systems in Mediterranean environments","authors":"Rosella Motzo,&nbsp;Francesco Giunta","doi":"10.1111/aab.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triticale and lupin are promising candidates for sustainable intercropping in low-input, mixed crop–livestock farming systems in the Mediterranean basin, where they can be grown as rain-fed crops during the autumn-winter period. A 2-year field trial was conducted in Sardinia, Italy, to compare triticale–lupin row intercropping (IC) with triticale sole cropping (TSC) and lupin sole cropping under four fertilization treatments: nitrogen only (‘N,’ 100 kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus only (‘P,’ 39 kg ha⁻¹), nitrogen and phosphorus combined (‘NP,’ 100 kg ha⁻¹ of N + 39 kg ha⁻¹ of P), and an unfertilized control (‘0’). Measurements included radiation interception, dry matter (DM) production, N percentage, and N uptake per unit area (N yield) at various samplings, along with grain and N yield at maturity. While both species shared a common growing cycle duration, lupin's slower canopy development and shorter height limited its radiation interception and DM production in the intercrop. However, complementarity in DM and N yield was observed across all four sampling dates under the 0 and P treatments, with land equivalent ratio values peaking at 1.71 under the 0 treatment and 1.63 under the P treatment for DM, and around 2 for N yield. The higher DM at maturity translated into greater grain yields for IC compared to TSC under the 0 (3.9 vs. 3.2 t ha⁻¹) and P treatments (4.3 vs. 3.6 t ha⁻¹). IC also outperformed TSC in terms of DM N percentage, particularly at triticale anthesis, with notable differences in the 0 (N% = 1.09 for IC, 0.79 for TSC) and P treatments (N% = 1.17 for IC, 0.83 for TSC). This higher DM N percentage of IC was likely associated with the higher radiation-use efficiency of IC compared to TSC under the 0 fertilization treatment. Furthermore, intercropping triticale with lupin demonstrated potential to replace N fertilization without compromising DM or N content in DM and in straw. The observed complementarity in the absence of fertiliser suggests that this intercrop could be especially suitable for low-input systems. The experimental approach helped link the N-related benefits of cereal–legume intercrops to radiation acquisition and radiation-use efficiency, while highlighting the critical role of canopy developmental rates, and hence of cultivar choice, when height differences are substantial.</p>","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"264-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aab.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expeditious evaluation of gRNA constructs driven by a root and callus preferential promoter, MsPRP2, to generate edits of the EcHKT1;1 gene in Eucalyptus camaldulensis using GFP-tagged hairy roots","authors":"Krishnaraj Shamili,&nbsp;M. C. Sandhya,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Rajendran,&nbsp;Sreeja Sahadevan,&nbsp;Vignesh Chinnusamy,&nbsp;Aiyar Balasubramanian,&nbsp;Sivakumar Veerasamy,&nbsp;Mathish Nambiar-Veetil","doi":"10.1111/aab.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.70011","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology involves the use of designed guide RNAs to direct gene editing without any off-target effects. Rapid evaluation of these guide RNA (gRNAs) for engineering the desired gene edits becomes important in tree species such as &lt;i&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/i&gt;, wherein regeneration of gene-edited plantlets using &lt;i&gt;Agrobacterium tumefaciens&lt;/i&gt;-mediated transformation takes more than 1 year. In the present study, a synthetic promoter, &lt;i&gt;Medicago sativa&lt;/i&gt; proline rich promoter 2 (MsPRP2), reported earlier to drive root-preferential and salt-inducible gene expression in &lt;i&gt;Medicago sativa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt;, was evaluated in &lt;i&gt;Eucalyptus camaldulensis&lt;/i&gt; for generating the desired deletion in the &lt;i&gt;Eucalyptus camaldulensis&lt;/i&gt; high-affinity potassium transporter (&lt;i&gt;EcHKT&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;1;1&lt;/i&gt; gene. Two single guide RNA sequences cognate to the &lt;i&gt;EcHKT1;1&lt;/i&gt; promoter and exon 1 region separated by 1411 bp were selected to synthesise the polycistronic gRNA-tRNA cassette with the MsPRP2 promoter and HSP terminator. After splicing together the MsPRP2 promoter and HSP terminator as flanking sequences, the construct was cloned into cauliflower mosaic virus-driven Cas9_1 and &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-based transformation vectors for &lt;i&gt;Agrobacterium rhizogenes&lt;/i&gt;-mediated transformation of hypocotyl explants. The pooled &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-tagged roots generated 36 days after co-cultivation were used to evaluate the efficiency of the construct by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and amplicon sequencing. In comparison to the 2375 bp amplicon generated from the IFGTB-EC-1 root, the &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-tagged roots showed a smaller 964 bp amplicon with the expected 1411 bp deletion between the promoter and exon 1 of the &lt;i&gt;EcHKT1;1&lt;/i&gt; gene. Further, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed a 3.22-fold (69%) downregulation when compared to the wild A4RS roots. To further validate these results obtained from &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-tagged hairy roots, the &lt;i&gt;EcHKT1;1&lt;/i&gt; gene editing constructs were also evaluated in transgenic events of &lt;i&gt;Eucalyptus&lt;/i&gt; generated using &lt;i&gt;A. tumefaciens&lt;/i&gt;. These transgenic events showed an expected 1411 bp deletion, albeit in a heterozygous state. Further, RT-qPCR analysis showed 2.08-fold (52%) &lt;i&gt;EcHKT1;1&lt;/i&gt; gene downregulation when compared to the control IFGTB-EC-1 seedling. However, harvesting sufficient leaves for molecular analysis had to wait for 16 months post-co-cultivation. Contrastingly, the higher transformation efficiency of &lt;i&gt;A. rhizogenes&lt;/i&gt;-mediated transformation, at around 20% when compared to 0.59% for &lt;i&gt;A. tumefaciens&lt;/i&gt;, made it possible to pool tissue from a larger number of plants for PCR-based analysis of &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-tagged roots in 36 days. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using rapidly generated &lt;i&gt;GFP&lt;/i&gt;-tagged roots for expeditiously evaluating t","PeriodicalId":7977,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Applied Biology","volume":"187 2","pages":"227-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}