Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection by inhibiting catheter bacterial biofilm formation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Wei He, Peifen Ma, Lu Li, Dongmin Wang, Xin Li, Xingqiao Wen, Yi Zuo, Qin Guo, Yanhong Zhang, Ru Cheng, Zhiping Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01450-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains the most significant challenge among hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), yet still unresolved. The present study aims to evaluate the preventive effectiveness of JUC Spray Dressing (name of U.S. FDA and CE certifications, while the medical device name in China is Long-acting Antimicrobial Material) alone for CAUTI without combining with antibiotics and to evaluate the impact of bacterial biofilm formation on CAUTI results on the inserted catheters of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, we enrolled adults who suffered from acute urinary retention (AUR) and required catheterization in 6 hospitals in China. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 according to a random number table to receive JUC Spray Dressing (JUC group) or normal saline (placebo group). The catheters were pretreated with JUC Spray Dressing or normal saline respectively before catheterization. Urine samples and catheter samples were collected after catheterization by trial staff for further investigation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From April 2012 to April 2020, we enrolled 264 patients and randomly assigned them to the JUC group (n = 132) and the placebo group (n = 132). Clinical symptoms and urine bacterial cultures showed the incidence of CAUTI of the JUC group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.01). In addition, another 30 patients were enrolled to evaluate the biofilm formation on catheters after catheter insertion in the patients' urethra (10 groups, 3 each). The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that bacterial biofilm formed on the 5th day in the placebo group, while no bacterial biofilm formed on the 5th day in the JUC group. In addition, no adverse reactions were reported using JUC Spray Dressing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continued indwelling urinary catheters for 5 days resulted in bacterial biofilm formation, and pretreatment of urethral catheters with JUC Spray Dressing can prevent bacterial biofilm formation by forming a physical antimicrobial film, and significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTI. This is the first report of a study on inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation on the catheters in CAUTI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019: comparison between single- and multiple-occupancy rooms.","authors":"Hyeon Jae Jo, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Ji Seon Kim, Mimi Lee, Minkyeong Lee, Jiyeon Bae, Chan Mi Lee, Chang Kyung Kang, Wan Beom Park, Nam Joong Kim","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01454-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-024-01454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an ongoing controversy regarding whether single-occupancy rooms are superior to multiple-occupancy rooms in terms of infection prevention. We investigated whether treatment in a multiple-occupancy room is associated with an increased incidence of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with treatment in a single-occupancy room.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, every hospitalization period of adult patients aged ≥ 18 years at a tertiary hospital in Korea from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, was analyzed. If COVID-19 was diagnosed more than 5 days after hospitalization, the case was classified as nosocomial. We estimated the association between the number of patients per room and the risk of nosocomial COVID-19 using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 25,143 hospitalizations per room type were analyzed. The incidence rate of nosocomial COVID-19 increased according to the number of patients per room; it ranged from 3.05 to 38.64 cases per 10,000 patient-days between single- and 6-bed rooms, respectively. Additionally, the hazard ratios of nosocomial COVID-19 showed an increasing trend according to the number of patients per room, ranging from 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.001-1.03) to 2.66 (95% confidence interval 1.60-4.85) between single- and 6-bed rooms, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that the incidence of nosocomial COVID-19 increased according to the number of patients per room. To reduce nosocomial infections by respiratory viruses, the use of multiple-occupancy rooms should be minimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring drivers of self-treatment with antibiotics in three agricultural communities of northern Tanzania.","authors":"Kathrin Loosli, Fortunata Nasuwa, Matayo Melubo, Kunda Mnzava, Louise Matthews, Stephen E Mshana, Blandina T Mmbaga, Adrian Muwonge, Alicia Davis, Tiziana Lembo","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01453-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01453-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Self-treatment with antibiotics, the practice of using antibiotics without professional guidance, is often considered an important contributor to the emergence and spread of AMR.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study investigated the drivers of self-treatment in three common types of agricultural communities in northern Tanzania. The research employed a comprehensive array of methods, including cross-sectional surveys (n = 790), interviews (n = 30) and observations (n = 178) targeting both antibiotic (human and animal) providers and users (patients and farmers). Qualitative interview data were analysed using a coding and association matrix, while descriptive analyses were performed on survey and observation data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-treatment with antibiotics was highly prevalent in all communities. Between 41.0% (self-reported) and 60.3% (observed) of human antibiotics were obtained without a prescription and we observed that veterinary antibiotics were regularly purchased in retail shops without referral by a professional. Structural deficiencies in the healthcare system drove this practice: limited access to healthcare facilities, medication stockouts and prolonged waiting times were identified as key factors. The absence of safety nets like insurance schemes further contributed to self-medication. Retail shops offered a convenient and cost-effective alternative when antibiotics were inaccessible or unaffordable. Notably, informal networks comprising treatment vendors, friends or neighbours, as well as personal experiences played a crucial role in guiding individuals in their self-treatment decisions by providing advice on treatment choice and modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing self-treatment requires a multi-faceted approach. Improving the availability and accessibility of antibiotics, enhancing healthcare services and involving retail vendors in antibiotic stewardship are essential. Structural issues like access to diagnostics and medicines must be tackled, alongside reducing barriers and incentivising individuals to use professional healthcare services. Training retail vendors to sell specific first-line antibiotics over the counter with guidance on appropriate usage should be considered. Such bottom-up interventions will enable sustainable promotion of responsible antibiotic use, mitigating AMR emergence and securing a healthier future for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurses' contribution to antimicrobial stewardship: business as usual?","authors":"Maria Bos, Cindy de Bot, Hester Vermeulen, Marlies Hulscher, Jeroen Schouten","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01451-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), the set of actions to ensure appropriate antimicrobial use, is increasingly considered a multidisciplinary endeavour. However, it is unclear how Dutch hospital-based nurses envision their contribution to AMS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the views and visions of Dutch bedside nurses on their role regarding appropriate antimicrobial use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Fourteen bedside nurses in nine different Dutch hospitals participated. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nurses considered their role regarding appropriate use of antibiotics as an integral part of their daily nursing practice. They envisioned their future role as an expansion of their current practice, improving or intensifying this contribution. Prompting review of antimicrobial treatment by nurses was seen as regular practice. Ward rounds were considered the best moment to exert their nursing role, by showing leadership in communicating about different aspects of AMS. Patient advocacy (\"striving for the best possible care for their patient\") appears to be a driver of the nursing contribution. Nurses perceived a shared responsibility with prescribers on certain aspects of the antimicrobial treatment and wished for a clarification of this role. Education and cognitive reminders such as antibiotic checklist to be used in ward rounds, can support the uptake of the nurses' role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nurses envision their future role in AMS as an enhanced, elaborated and empowered version of their current daily practice. Education, formal acknowledgment and increased awareness of the nursing role, may advance the contributing role nurses already have.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of nosocomial MRSA transmission evaluated via contact screening.","authors":"Maria Konstantinovski, Crista van Geest, Marguerite Bruijning, Lindsay Kroon-de Keizer, Jacco Wallinga, Nathalie van Burgel, Karin-Ellen Veldkamp","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01448-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01448-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevention of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) transmission in the healthcare setting is a priority in Infection Control practices. A cornerstone of this policy is contact tracing of nosocomial contacts after an unexpected MRSA finding. The objective of this retrospective study was to quantify the rates of MRSA transmission in different clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-centre study included MRSA contact screening results from two regional hospitals and one academic hospital. MRSA contact tracing investigations from 2000 until 2019 were reviewed and post-contact screening results were included of index patients with an MRSA-positive culture and their unprotected contacts. Available typing results were used to rule out incidental findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 27,377 contacts screened after MRSA exposure, 21,488 were Health Care Workers (HCW) and 4816 patients. Post-contact screening was initiated for a total of 774 index cases, the average number of screened contacts per index case was 35.7 (range 1 to 640). MRSA transmission was observed in 0.15% (41) of the contacts, 19 (0.09%) HCW and 22 (0.46%) patients. The number needed to screen to detect one MRSA transmission was 667. The highest risk of MRSA transmission occurred during patient-to-patient contacts, with transmission rates varying from 0.32 to 1.32% among the participating hospitals. No transmissions were detected in HCW (n=2834) in the outpatient setting, and the rate of transmissions among HCW contacts on the wards was 0.13% (19 of 15,874). Among 344 contacts of patients with contact precautions, no transmissions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reconsidering current MRSA contact tracing practices may lead to a more targeted approach with a lower number needed to screen.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting early appropriate therapy for patients infected by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in intensive care units in Italy.","authors":"Matteo Bassetti, Gianpaola Monti, Anne Santerre Henriksen, Christopher Longshaw","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01452-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01452-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units (ICUs) is linked with high morbidity and mortality in patients. In this study, we estimated the therapeutic coverage of various antibiotics, focusing on cefiderocol and comparators, administered empirically against an infection of unknown origin in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the ARTEMIS surveillance study, susceptibilities of 624 Italian Gram-negative isolates to amikacin, aztreonam-avibactam, cefiderocol, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, colistin, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem, and meropenem-vaborbactam were tested by broth microdilution, and results were interpreted by European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints. The susceptibility rates from the ARTEMIS study were extrapolated to Gram-negative isolates obtained from 5,774 patients in Italian ICUs in 2021. The sum of the predicted susceptibilities of individual pathogens represented the overall likelihood of in vitro activity of each antibiotic as early targeted therapy for ICU patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 624 Italian Gram-negative isolates included 206 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 138 Acinetobacter baumannii, 187 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 93 Escherichia coli. Against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, the overall susceptibility rates for cefiderocol were 87.7%, 96.8%, 99%, and 100%, respectively; and for comparator agents, 8.7-96.4%, 25.7-100%, 73.3-100%, and 89.2-100%, respectively. Among the subset of meropenem-resistant isolates, susceptibility rates of A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa to cefiderocol were 86.4%, 96.2% and 100%, respectively. Corresponding susceptibility rates to comparator agents were 0-96.8%, 0-100%, and 6.4-100%, respectively. There were no meropenem-resistant isolates of E. coli. The extrapolation of data to isolates from Italian ICUs showed that the highest likelihood of therapeutic coverage, both overall and among meropenem-resistant isolates, was reported for colistin (96.8% and 72.2%, respectively) and cefiderocol (95.7% and 71.4%, respectively). All other antibiotics were associated with a likelihood below 73% overall and between 0% and 41.4% for meropenem-resistant isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on confirmed susceptibility rates and reported ICU prevalence of multiple Gram-negative species, cefiderocol showed a higher predicted therapeutic coverage and utility in ICUs compared with comparator beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics. Cefiderocol may be a promising early treatment option for patients at high risk of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic consumption in hospitals in humanitarian settings in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and South Sudan.","authors":"Kristina Skender, Gabriel Versace, Annick Danyele Lenglet, Kate Clezy","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01449-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is of great global public health concern. In order to address the paucity of antibiotic consumption data and antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems in hospitals in humanitarian settings, we estimated antibiotic consumption in six hospitals with the aim of developing recommendations for improvements in antimicrobial stewardship programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six hospitals supported by Médecins sans Frontières were included in the study: Boost-Afghanistan, Kutupalong-Bangladesh, Baraka and Mweso-Democratic Republic of Congo, Kule-Ethiopia, and Bentiu-South Sudan. Data for 36,984 inpatients and antibiotic consumption data were collected from 2018 to 2020. Antibiotics were categorized per World Health Organization Access Watch Reserve classification. Total antibiotic consumption was measured by Defined Daily Doses (DDDs)/1000 bed-days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average antibiotic consumption in all hospitals was 2745 DDDs/1000 bed-days. Boost hospital had the highest antibiotic consumption (4157 DDDs/1000 bed-days) and Bentiu the lowest (1598 DDDs/1000 bed-days). In all hospitals, Access antibiotics were mostly used (69.7%), followed by Watch antibiotics (30.1%). The most consumed antibiotics were amoxicillin (23.5%), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (14%), and metronidazole (13.2%). Across all projects, mean annual antibiotic consumption reduced by 22.3% during the study period, mainly driven by the reduction in Boost hospital in Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This was the first study to assess antibiotic consumption by DDD metric in hospitals in humanitarian settings. Antibiotic consumption in project hospitals was higher than those reported from non-humanitarian settings. Routine systematic antibiotic consumption monitoring systems should be implemented in hospitals, accompanied by prescribing audits and point-prevalence surveys, to inform about the volume and appropriateness of antibiotic use and to support antimicrobial stewardship efforts in humanitarian settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11328513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical site infection surveillance in knee and hip arthroplasty: optimizing an algorithm to detect high-risk patients based on electronic health records.","authors":"Mariana Guedes, Francisco Almeida, Paulo Andrade, Lucybell Moreira, Afonso Pedrosa, Ana Azevedo, Nuno Rocha-Pereira","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01445-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01445-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important cause of disease burden and healthcare costs. Fully manual surveillance is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity and inter-individual variability, which can be partly overcome by semi-automated surveillance. Algorithms used in orthopaedic SSI semi-automated surveillance have reported high sensitivity and important workload reduction. This study aimed to design and validate different algorithms to identify patients at high risk of SSI after hip or knee arthroplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data from manual SSI surveillance between May 2015 and December 2017 were used as gold standard for validation. Knee and hip arthroplasty were included, patients were followed up for 90 days and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control SSI classification was applied. Electronic health records data was used to generate different algorithms, considering combinations of the following variables: ≥1 positive culture, ≥ 3 microbiological requests, antimicrobial therapy ≥ 7 days, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days, orthopaedics readmission, orthopaedics surgery and emergency department attendance. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and predictive value, and workload reduction were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 1631 surgical procedures were included, of which 67.5% (n = 1101) in women; patients' median age was 69 years (IQR 62 to 77) and median Charlson index 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Most surgeries were elective (92.5%; n = 1508) and half were hip arthroplasty (52.8%; n = 861). SSI incidence was 3.8% (n = 62), of which 64.5% were deep or organ/space infections. Positive culture was the single variable with highest sensitivity (64.5%), followed by orthopaedic reintervention (59.7%). Twenty-four algorithms presented 90.3% sensitivity for all SSI types and 100% for deep and organ/space SSI. Workload reduction ranged from 59.7 to 67.7%. The algorithm including ≥ 3 microbiological requests, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days and emergency department attendance, was one of the best options in terms of sensitivity, workload reduction and feasibility for implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different algorithms with high sensitivity to detect all types of SSI can be used in real life, tailored to clinical practice and data availability. Emergency department attendance can be an important variable to identify superficial SSI in semi-automated surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11328479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing gram negative bacterial pathogens from cockroaches collected at hospital, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegn, Habtamu Azene, Khawaja Shakeel Ahmed, Fiseha Wadilo, Efrata Girma Tufa","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01442-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01442-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cockroaches can pose a significant health risk in hospital environments because they may serve as reservoirs and vectors for nosocomial pathogens. Cockroaches harbor epidemiologically significant extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacterial pathogens, which complicate nosocomial infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The main aim of this study is to determine aetiology and phenotypic extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria pathogens from cockroaches collected in hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was employed from February to May 2022 to determine the antibiotic resistance producing bacterial isolates from cockroaches by giving special emphasis to metalo beta lactamase and extended spectrum beta lactamase production from different wards of WSUCSH. Cockroaches were collected with hands wearing sterile gloves. External homogenate was prepared and incubated microbiologically by using different culture media and differentiated biochemically. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. ESBL production was conducted using double disc synergy method and double disk method was used to detect MBL enzyme detection. Descriptive statistics was used to determine prevalence and percentage.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Out of 245 cockroaches, 108 Gram negative bacteria were isolated. K. pneumoniae 29(26.9%) was the most predominant bacteria and Enetrobacter spp. 8(7.4%), was the least. All, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Enterobacter isolates were pan-resistant to Ampicillin. P.aeruginosa and P.mirabilis antibiotics showed ≥ 80% resistant for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid antibiotics. Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and imipenem showed relative efficacy compared with other antibiotics. Out of 78 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant isolates, 42(34.7%) were ESBL producers. ESBL production is more depicted by P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The overall prevalence of MBL production is 29(23.1%). K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa, E.coli, A. baumannii, Enterobacter spp and K.oxytoca revealed MBL production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall prevalence of ESBL and MBL producing nosocomial agents from hospital cockroaches was 34.7% and 23.1% respectively. P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii, K.pneumoniae and E.coli showed pronounced ESBL production. All bacterial isolates except P. mirabilis and C. freundii showed MBL production. The needed to evaluate our antibiotic stewardship program and antibiotic resistance detection for treatment is mandatory. The impact of cockroach as a source of AMR should be sought.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention and control in 2030: a first qualitative survey by the Crystal Ball Initiative.","authors":"Hugo Sax, Jonas Marschall","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01431-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01431-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare delivery is undergoing radical changes that influence effective infection prevention and control (IPC). Futures research (short: Futures), the science of deliberating on multiple potential future states, is increasingly employed in many core societal fields. Futures might also be helpful in IPC to facilitate current education and organisational decisions. Hence, we conducted an initial survey as part of the IPC Crystal Ball Initiative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2019, international IPC experts were invited to answer a 10-item online questionnaire, including demographics, housekeeping, and open-ended core questions (Q) on the \"status of IPC in 2030\" (Q1), \"people in charge of IPC\" (Q2), \"necessary skills in IPC\" (Q3), and \"burning research questions\" (Q4). The four core questions were submitted to a three-step inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis. A subsequent cross-case matrix produced overarching leitmotifs. Q1 statements were additionally coded for sentiment analysis (positive, neutral, or negative).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 18 of 44 (41%) invited experts responded (from 11 countries; 12 physicians, four nurses, one manager, one microbiologist; all of them in senior positions). The emerging leitmotifs were \"System integration\", \"Beyond the hospital\", \"Behaviour change and implementation\", \"Automation and digitalisation\", and \"Anticipated scientific progress and innovation\". The statements reflected an optimistic outlook in 66% of all codes of Q1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The first exercise of the IPC Crystal Ball Initiative reflected an optimistic outlook on IPC in 2030, and participants envisioned leveraging technological and medical progress to increase IPC effectiveness, freeing IPC personnel from administrative tasks to be more present at the point of care and increasing IPC integration and expansion through the application of a broad range of skills. Enhancing participant immersion in future Crystal Ball Initiative exercises through simulation would likely further increase the authenticity and comprehensiveness of the envisioned futures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}