Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"The antibiotic procurement saga: a long-neglected stewardship target to combat antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan.","authors":"Shairyar Afzal, Mishal Bajwa, Nabeel Ahmed, Jawaria Jabeen, Mian Shahzeb Haroon, Rana Muhammad Zahid Mushtaq, Zikria Saleem","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01521-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01521-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consistent and timely access to antibiotics is a hallmark of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and can be achieved through good procurement practices. However, flawed procurement modules result in poor antibiotic supply management within health facilities of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan, exacerbating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study seeks to understand hospital pharmacists' perspectives on the antibiotic procurement process, its efficiency in ensuring consistent access to antibiotics, and the role of clinical pharmacists in rational procurement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews with 24 purposively selected hospital pharmacists from secondary healthcare facilities in Punjab, Pakistan, were conducted utilizing a qualitative case study methodology. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 2024 software, following a thematic analysis technique using a codebook approach to thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified five central themes: (1) The state of antibiotic use in hospitals is characterized by a lack of antibiotic use policy, resulting in mostly empirical and irrational prescribing practices. (2) Medicine availability significantly influences prescribing decisions, often taking precedence over clinical needs. (3) The procurement process, although structured, is flawed owing to rigid adherence to the Standard Medicine List (SML). (4) Rationality in procurement is compromised by disregard for AMR, with decisions driven more by cost and demand than clinical evidence. (5) The clinical acumen of pharmacists is underutilized in procurement due to multifarious barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antibiotic procurement is the mainstay of implementing an ASP in hospitals. This study elucidates significant policy, practice, and education gaps regarding antibiotic use and procurement in Pakistan. There is a critical need for comprehensive antibiotic policies, including a revision in SML, enhancing pharmacist authority in procurement decisions, more rational prescribing, and ensuring access to antibiotics through more informed and data-driven processes to combat AMR effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the implementation of infection prevention and control practices in neonatal care across country income levels: a systematic review.","authors":"Emanuela Nyantakyi, Julia Baenziger, Laura Caci, Kathrin Blum, Aline Wolfensberger, Angela Dramowski, Bianca Albers, Marta Castro, Marie-Therese Schultes, Lauren Clack","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01516-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01516-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the proven effectiveness of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in reducing healthcare-associated infections and related costs, their implementation poses a challenge in neonatal care settings across high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While existing research has predominantly focused on assessing the clinical effectiveness of these practices in neonatal care, aspects concerning their implementation remain underexplored. This systematic review therefore aimed to analyze implementation determinants and employed strategies for implementing IPC practices in inpatient neonatal care across country income levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a targeted search in seven databases, titles and abstracts as well as full texts were screened in a dual review process to identify studies focusing on the implementation of IPC practices in inpatient neonatal care and reporting on implementation determinants and/or implementation strategies. Implementation determinants were synthesized using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implementation strategies were coded according to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy. A convergent integrated approach was used to narratively summarize results across qualitative and quantitative studies. χ² Tests and Fisher's Exact Tests were performed to analyze differences in implementation determinants and strategies across IPC practices and country income levels. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 6,426 records, a total of 156 studies were included in the systematic review. Neonatal units in LMICs and HICs showed general commonalities in reported implementation determinants, which were mainly reported at the organizational level. While educational as well as evaluative and iterative strategies were most frequently employed to support the implementation of IPC practices in both LMICs and HICs, other strategies employed showed variance across country income levels. Notably, the statistical analyses identified a significant association between country income levels and implementation determinants and strategies respectively ([Formula: see text]<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this systematic review underscore the importance of the organizational level for the implementation of IPC practices in neonatal care irrespective of country income level. However, further research is needed to understand the underlying relationships of factors and dynamics contributing to the observed practice variances in LMICs and HICs.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42022380379).</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rapid detection of a neonatal unit outbreak of a wild-type Klebsiella variicola using decentralized Oxford Nanopore sequencing.","authors":"Rhys T White, Michelle Balm, Megan Burton, Samantha Hutton, Jamaal Jeram, Matthew Kelly, Donia Macartney-Coxson, Tanya Sinha, Henrietta Sushames, David J Winter, Maxim G Bloomfield","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01529-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01529-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Klebsiella variicola has been implicated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks previously and can be misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. An increased incidence of K. pneumoniae bacteremia on the NICU of our institution was notified to the infection prevention and control (IPC) team in May 2024. The four isolates involved displayed wild-type susceptibility, so had not been detected via multidrug-resistant organism surveillance. This triggered investigation with a nanopore-based decentralized whole-genome sequencing (dWGS) system in operation at our laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since early 2022, the hospital laboratory at Wellington Regional Hospital has been performing dWGS using the Oxford Nanopore MinION device. This allows for prospective genomic surveillance of certain hospital-associated organisms, but also rapid reactive investigation of possible outbreaks. Isolates are sequenced in the hospital laboratory and undergo multilocus sequence typing (MLST). If transmission events are suspected, sequence data are transferred to the reference laboratory, the Institute for Environmental Science and Research (ESR) for high-resolution bioinformatic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 48 h of notification isolates had been subcultured and sequenced. This showed that three of four isolates were in fact K. variicola, and two of these were sequence type (ST)6385. This sequence type had not been seen previously at our institution, so transmission was suspected. Environmental sampling revealed K. variicola ST6385 in two sink traps on the unit, and prospective sequencing of all K. pneumoniae isolates from NICU samples revealed two further infants with K. variicola ST6385. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis at ESR using original sequence data showed tight clustering of these isolates, confirming an outbreak. Sink traps were disinfected, environmental cleaning procedures were updated, and a strict focus on hand hygiene was reinforced on the ward. No further isolates were detected, and the outbreak was closed after two months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Access to dWGS at the level of the local hospital laboratory permitted rapid identification of an outbreak of an organism displaying no unusual antimicrobial resistance features at a point where there were only two known cases. This in turn facilitated a rapid IPC response.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving antibiotic utilization in West Africa: enhancing interventions through systematic review and evidence synthesis.","authors":"Eric S Donkor, Abdul-Halim Osman, Bill Clinton Aglomasa, Aaron Awere-Duodu, Alex Odoom, Bismark Opoku-Asare, Gilbert Lazarus","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01504-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial infection has been estimated to become the leading cause of death by 2050, causing 10 million deaths across the globe due to the surge in antibiotic resistance. Despite western sub-Saharan Africa being identified as one of the major hotspots of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with the highest mortality, a comprehensive regional analysis of the magnitude and key drivers of AMR due to human antibiotic use has not been conducted.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We carried out a systematic review by conducting a comprehensive search in various databases including PubMed and Scopus for eligible articles published in the English Language between 1 January 2000 and 14 February 2024. Five key domains of antibiotic use were focused on: (1) antibiotic consumption; (2) appropriate antibiotic prescription; (3) indicators or key drivers of antibiotic use; (4) antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions; (5) knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic consumers and providers. Data were extracted from eligible papers for all the five domains under consideration and random-effects model meta-analysis was carried out for antibiotic consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 2613 records obtained, 64 articles which were unevenly distributed in the region were eligible for inclusion in our study. These articles reported on antibiotic consumption (5), appropriate antibiotic prescription (10), indicators or key drivers of antibiotic use (10), AMS interventions (10), and 31 studies reported on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Antibiotic consumption for inpatients has a pooled estimate of 620.03 defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed-days (confidence interval [CI] 0.00-1286.67; I² = 100%) after accounting for outliers while prescribing appropriateness ranged from 2.5% to 93.0% with a pooled estimate of 50.09 ([CI: 22.21-77.92%], I² = 99.4%). Amoxicillin, gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, metronidazole, and ceftriaxone were the commonly consumed antibiotics. Community-acquired infection, hospital-acquired infection, and prophylaxis were the major indicators of antibiotic use. AMS was effective to varying degrees with bundled interventions and gamified antimicrobial stewardship decision support application being the most effective. Healthcare workers demonstrated acceptable antibiotic knowledge but individuals from formal and informal settings self-medicate with antibiotics and had moderate to low knowledge of antibiotic use and resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review identified gaps in knowledge and highlighted areas where prompt actions are required, it further guides future research endeavors and policy development. The findings underscore the need for further implementation of AMS programs across the West African region to enhance understanding of antibiotic use patterns, prescribing practices, and the factors influencing them in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing dynamics of bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Germany, 2017-2023: a continued burden of disease approach.","authors":"Simon Brinkwirth, Marcel Feig, Ines Noll, Tim Eckmanns, Achim Dörre, Sebastian Haller, Niklas Willrich","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01522-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01522-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to public health, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) being major contributors. Despite their clinical impact, comprehensive assessments of changes of the burden of bloodstream infections in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and attributable deaths over time are lacking, particularly in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance system, which covered about 30% of German hospitals. Bloodstream infections were defined by a VREfm or MRSA-positive blood culture. We estimated incidences as a first step to further use these rates to calculate DALYs and attributable deaths using the Burden of Communicable Disease in Europe toolkit. The analysis included stratification by age, sex and region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2017 to 2023, 6262 MRSA and 5442 VREfm blood culture-positive isolates were identified. The incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections decreased from 4.0 to 2.1 per 100,000 population, with estimated DALYs decreasing from 14.6 to 8.6 per 100,000 and attributable deaths from 591 to 316. Conversely, VREfm-BSI incidence doubled from 1.7 to a peak of 3.0 (2021) before declining back to 1.7 per 100,000 in 2023, with estimated DALYs increasing from 8.9 to 16.5 and then decreasing to 8.5 per 100,000 and attributable deaths increasing from 317 to 327. Men and people over 60 years had the highest burden, with noticeable regional differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRSA and VREfm bloodstream infections followed different trends in the past and now present a comparable burden in Germany. Both pathogens pose a significant threat, particularly to hospitalised older aged men. Our findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and continued surveillance of MRSA and VREfm to reduce infections and their impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection and colonization in patients with severe burns: a retrospective cohort study in a single burn center.","authors":"Myongjin Kim, Kibum Jeon, Dohern Kym, Jinsun Jung, Yu Jin Jang, Seung Beom Han","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01514-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01514-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection and colonization have rarely been reported in patients with severe burns, who are prone to severe bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of CRE infection and colonization in patients with severe burns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The characteristics of 106 episodes of CRE acquisition (infection or colonization) in 98 patients with severe burns were evaluated by a retrospective medical record review. The duration of rectal CRE colonization and its associated factors were determined in the survived patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five (4.7%) of the CRE acquisitions were identified on admission, and the remaining 101 (95.3%) were identified at a median of 11 days (range 2-75 days) after admission. Klebsiella pneumoniae represented 73.6% of the isolated CRE strains, and carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) were identified in 70.8% of the isolates. Mortality was associated with an abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) score ≥ 10 (p < 0.001) and previous carbapenem-resistant bacterial acquisition (protective, p = 0.010). For the 58 episodes of CRE acquisition in the survived patients, eradication of rectal CRE colonization was identified in 39 (67.2%) at a median of 64 days (range 10-434 days) after acquisition. CP-CRE strains were associated with prolonged rectal CRE colonization (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The characteristics of CRE infection and colonization in patients with severe burns were similar to those in general critical patients. Enhanced infection prevention and control measures should be considered for patients with severe burns of an ABSI score ≥ 10 and those with CP-CRE.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro long-term exposure to chlorhexidine or triclosan induces cross-resistance against azoles in Nakaseomyces glabratus.","authors":"Kathrin Spettel, Dominik Bumberger, Richard Kriz, Sarah Frank, Madita Loy, Sonia Galazka, Miranda Suchomel, Heimo Lagler, Athanasios Makristathis, Birgit Willinger","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01511-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-024-01511-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Topical antiseptics are crucial for preventing infections and reducing transmission of pathogens. However, commonly used antiseptic agents have been reported to cause cross-resistance to other antimicrobials in bacteria, which has not yet been described in yeasts. This study aims to assess the in vitro efficacy of antiseptics against clinical and reference isolates of Candida albicans and Nakaseomyces glabratus, and whether prolonged exposure to antiseptics promotes the development of antifungal (cross)resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A high-throughput approach for in vitro resistance development was established to simultaneously expose 96 C. albicans and N. glabratus isolates to increasing concentrations of a given antiseptic - chlorhexidine, triclosan or octenidine. Susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing of yeast isolates pre- and post-exposure were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long-term exposure to antiseptics does not result in the development of stable resistance to the antiseptics themselves. However, 50 N. glabratus isolates acquired resistance to azole antifungals after long-term exposure to triclosan or chlorhexidine, revealing newly acquired mutations in the PDR1 and PMA1 genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chlorhexidine as well as triclosan, but not octenidine, were able to introduce selective pressure promoting resistance to azole antifungals. Although we assessed this phenomenon only in vitro, these findings warrant critical monitoring in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare worker views on antimicrobial resistance in chronic respiratory disease.","authors":"Sachin Ananth, Adekunle O Adeoti, Animesh Ray, Peter G Middleton, Miquel Ekkelenkamp, Stephanie Thee, Anand Shah","doi":"10.1186/s13756-025-01515-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-025-01515-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis, however, relatively little is known regarding its impact in chronic respiratory disease and the specific challenges faced by healthcare workers across the world in this field. We aimed to assess global healthcare worker views on the challenges they face regarding AMR in chronic respiratory disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was sent to healthcare workers globally working in chronic respiratory disease through a European Respiratory Society clinical research collaboration (AMR-Lung) focussed on AMR in chronic lung disease. Responses from different geographic regions were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>279 responses were received across 60 countries. 54.5% of respondents encountered AMR in chronic respiratory disease weekly. There were differences in perceived high-priority diseases and species with AMR burden between Europe, Asia and Africa. 76.4% of respondents thought that inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in chronic respiratory disease was common. However, only 43.4% of respondents thought that there were adequate antimicrobial stewardship programmes in their area for chronic respiratory disease, with limited availability in outpatient (29.0%) and ambulatory settings (24.7%). Developing rapid diagnostics for antimicrobial susceptibility (59.5%) was perceived to be the most common challenge in implementing antimicrobial stewardship, with an improved understanding of regional epidemiology of AMR strains the most important factor to improve outcome (55.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AMR has significant perceived burden in chronic respiratory disease by healthcare professionals globally. However, current implementation of antimicrobial stewardship is limited, with significant challenges related to the availability of rapid diagnostics and understanding of regional epidemiology of AMR strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"14 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening sites for detection of carbapenemase-producers- a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Isabelle Vock, Silvio Ragozzino, Pascal Urwyler, Michelle Baumann, Gioele Capoferri, Peter M Keller, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01513-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01513-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While screening the rectal site and urine may be appropriate for detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, respiratory samples, throat and wound swabs may increase the sensitivity of screening protocols when aiming to detect colonization with carbapenemase-producing non-fermenting bacteria. Our results support the need for tailoring screening recommendations according to the bacterial species targeted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11686844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environmental impact and sustainability of infection control practices: a systematic scoping review.","authors":"Oliver Lim, Wei Yu Chua, Andrew Wong, Ryan Ruiyang Ling, Hwang Ching Chan, Swee Chye Quek, Sean Wu, Jyoti Somani","doi":"10.1186/s13756-024-01507-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13756-024-01507-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs form the basis of minimizing spread of pathogens in the healthcare setting and beyond. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the demand for IPC. However, the environmental impact of IPC practices has yet to be addressed and attempts to quantify its climate implications have been sparse. We performed a scoping review to identify current evidence regarding the environmental footprint of IPC measures and to highlight existing gaps in the literature. We included 30 articles, with 23 quantifying the environmental impact by mass of waste generated, six via carbon emissions, and one reporting on the concentration of volatile organic compounds. The mass of infectious waste ranged from 0.16 to 3.95 kg/bed/day, with large variability between countries. In general, higher-income countries produced more waste than lower-income countries. Significant carbon emission savings resulted from substituting reusable gowns and sharps containers, compared to single use items. The most significant gaps are the overall lack of standardisation in quantifying the environmental footprint of IPC-related practices, and a lack of studies on carbon emissions stemming from low and lower-middle income countries. We quantify the environmental impact of IPC practices, suggest areas of infection control that warrant further evaluation, and an approach to standardising environmental metrics in an attempt to better map out the climate implications of adopted IPC measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7950,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}