{"title":"Training in clinical child psychology: doing it right.","authors":"M C Roberts, A B Sobel","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discusses (a) what roles the specialty of clinical child psychology fulfills and how societal and professional changes have enhanced the need for the specialty, (b) how the field defines itself, (c) how models of training are conceptualized for the specialty, and (d) how some training programs implement specialty training with broad, interdisciplinary components. Clinical child psychology is a professional field of research and practice that, when adequate training is provided, properly deserves a places as a specialty. The dangers of overspecialization and narrowness are more likely present in traditional clinical (adult) psychology than in clinical child psychology, especially when the clinical child training is done in a broadly comprehensive and integrated manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"482-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does theory have value in clinical child psychology?","authors":"H Orvaschel","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examines the value and importance of theory in child psychology, particularly with respect to clinical practice. Although it is readily apparent that theory is not an essential element of treatment, the role of theory is to provide a coherent framework for clinical intervention. Theory provides a foundation for understanding the presenting pathology, the factors that affect it, the patient's and therapist's roles within the context of treatment, and the specific intervention strategies to be utilized. Therapeutic commonalities are considered as they may affect treatment outcome, but they are not viewed as the essential factors in efficacy. The value and meaning of eclecticism are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"548-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relation of theory and practice in psychodynamic therapy.","authors":"P Fonagy","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explores the role of theory in psychodynamic practice. This article attempts to show that clinicians commonly labor under the illusion that practice is governed by the logic of theory, by deduction rather than by induction. With psychoanalytic theory and practice as an example, theory is shown to be logically independent of practice and technique. It is suggested that maintaining the illusion of a logical relation between the two can cause a petrification of practice and ultimately the downfall of a theoretical orientation. Further, the inductive use of clinical experience can generate an excessive number of irreconcilable theoretical ideas, which in turn explains the tendency of psychodynamic clinicians to eschew operationalization and rigorous theory building. The abandonment of the pretense of a logical relation, by contrast, could lead to a renewed excitement about the development of technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"513-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental theory and the practice of clinical child psychology.","authors":"T H Ollendick, M W Vasey","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined developmental theory and its relevance for the practice of clinical child psychology. Following a brief review of basic principles of developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology, implications of a developmental perspective are explored for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of childhood disorders. Although it is obvious that many developmental issues confront the clinical child psychologist and that we have learned much about translating developmental theory into clinical practice, we conclude we have a long way to go before we can assert that a true developmental-clinical child interface has been realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"457-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Child psychopathology risk factors for drug abuse: overview.","authors":"N Z Weinberg, M D Glantz","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduces the special section on Child Psychopathology Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders. This article summarizes important principles, the current literature, contributions to this section, and issues for future research. Psychopathological conditions are strongly associated with substance use disorders, and some childhood psychopathological conditions may constitute precursors to this comorbidity. Conduct disorder constitutes a strong risk factor for substance use disorders, and bipolar disorder, although more rare, may also constitute a significant risk. Data for other child psychiatric conditions are mixed or lacking; however, important subgroups may be at risk and merit further attention. Underlying characteristics, such as temperament and self-regulation, merit further study as possible explanatory variables. Such studies hold the key for targeting and improving preventive and therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"290-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21312349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehension of televised stories by preschool children with ADHD.","authors":"R P Sanchez, E P Lorch, R Milich, R Welsh","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigated visual attention to and story comprehension of televised stories in 4- to 6-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comparison children. Half of the children in each group watched the program with toys in the room, and the other half watched without toys. Visual attention to the television was recorded, and story comprehension was assessed by performance on cued recall questions. All children attended significantly less when toys were present, but the difference when toys were present was greater for children with ADHD. The groups did not differ on recall of factual information when toys were absent. When toys were present, the comparison children showed no decrement in performance on factual questions, whereas the performance of children with ADHD was significantly worse. On questions testing causal connections, the children with ADHD performed more poorly than comparison children regardless of whether toys were present. Implications of these results for understanding and treating the academic and social difficulties of children with ADHD are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"376-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21310965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer victimization and attitudes about violence during early adolescence.","authors":"E M Vernberg, A K Jacobs, S L Hershberger","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined roles for attitudes about violence as a possible influence on the frequency of commonplace aggression toward peers among 1,033 adolescents in the 7th through 9th grades. The peer victimization measure adapted from prior studies yielded 2 reliable subscales: Victimization of Self and Victimization of Others. The attitudes and beliefs measure modified for this study yielded 3 reliable subscales (Aggression Is Legitimate and Warranted, Aggression Enhances Power and Esteem, One Should Not Intervene in Fights). These attitudes were meaningfully related to self-reported aggression toward peers but less clearly related to self-victimization. The attitudes were plausible mediators of the relation between gender and aggression toward others and appeared influential for both boys' and girls' aggression toward peers. Little support was found for these attitudes moderating the relation between self-victimization and aggression toward others, yet a clear link between victimization of self and aggression toward others was evident. Results support an emphasis on attitudes and values regarding aggression in violence-prevention efforts, as well as direct efforts to reduce self-victimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"386-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21310966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E L Daleiden, B F Chorpita, S H Kollins, R S Drabman
{"title":"Factors affecting the reliability of clinical judgments about the function of children's school-refusal behavior.","authors":"E L Daleiden, B F Chorpita, S H Kollins, R S Drabman","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducted two studies to examine the interrater reliability, test-retest stability, and the effect of various clinician variables, such as years of clinical experience, theoretical orientation, and prior experience with children, on clinical judgments about the reinforcement functions of children's school-refusal behavior. Results indicated that the judgments by individual clinicians were of questionable reliability. Judgments aggregated across 3 clinicians yielded acceptable interrater and test-retest reliability in Study 1, but a greater number of clinicians were necessary to achieve acceptable reliability in Study 2. Years of clinical experience and training were the only clinician variables related to the reliability of judgments about reinforcement functions. Several recommendations for the clinical assessment of the function of children's school-refusal behavior are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"396-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21310967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of psychiatric comorbidity with substance abuse in adolescents: effects of timing and sex.","authors":"E J Costello, A Erkanli, E Federman, A Angold","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined the impact of childhood psychiatric disorders on the prevalence and timing of substance use and abuse and tested for sex differences. A representative population sample of 1,420 children, ages 9, 11, and 13 at intake, were interviewed annually. American Indians and youth with behavioral problems were oversampled; data were weighted back to population levels for analysis. By age 16, more than half the sample reported substance use, and 6% had abuse or dependence. Alcohol use began by age 9, and smoking in the 13th year. Mean onset of dependence was 14.8 years, and mean onset of abuse was 15.1 years. Substance use began earlier in boys, but not girls, who later developed abuse or dependence. Disruptive behavior disorders and depression were associated with a higher rate and earlier onset of substance use and abuse in both sexes, but anxiety predicted later onset of smoking. Family drug problems were the strongest correlate of early onset. Despite differences in prevalence of psychopathology, boys and girls showed more similarities than differences in the course of early substance use and abuse, and its associations with psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21312351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychopathology as risk for adolescent substance use disorders: a developmental psychopathology perspective.","authors":"D Cicchetti, F A Rogosch","doi":"10.1207/S15374424jccp280308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp280308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examines several issues on psychiatric diagnoses as risk factors for adolescent drug use and substance use disorders. The articles in this special section are discussed in terms of dynamic models of risk and protective factors, stages of research needed for establishing causal mechanisms in the etiology of drug use disorders, conceptualizing drug use and abuse in the context of the developmental organization of the individual, equifinality and multifinality in developmental pathways to drug use and abuse, and issues in conceptualizing drug use problems as mental disorders. Future directions for research on the etiology of problem drug use, guided by principles of developmental psychopathology and prevention science, are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"355-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424jccp280308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21311058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}