{"title":"Emerging views of the role of theory.","authors":"W M Kurtines, W K Silverman","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Offers a few broadly evaluative observations about what we have learned from the articles and commentaries contained in this special section. We discuss how--although the contributions contained in this special section might be viewed on one level as suggesting a lack of consensus concerning the role of theory--on a metalevel the contributions are suggestive of movement toward consensus. The emerging consensus seems to be that not only is theory alive and well but it is unlikely that we will ever be able to do without theory. However, our ways of thinking and talking about theory appear to be undergoing change; that is, the trend is in the emergence of theory as a guide for action or action-based epistemology. We conclude with ideas about future directions, including the call for methodological pluralism, theoretical pluralism, and metatheoretical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"558-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Links among theory, research, and practice: cornerstones of clinical scientific progress.","authors":"P S Jensen","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discusses how explicit links among clinical theory, research, and practice are necessary if a clinical discipline is to survive in the managed care marketplace of today. Robust links among theory, research, and practice enable the elaboration of a systematic body of clinical knowledge that is practical in its deployment, effective in its methods, and compelling in its rationale. Moreover, theoretical advances are increasingly necessary, in that they allow scientists to categorize and prioritize the growing amount of empirically derived information, determine how pieces of multilevel data fit together, identify knowledge gaps, and set priorities for future studies. As shown by some of the articles in this special section, evolving theories of behavior have several characteristics in common; namely that they are developmental, transactional, contextual, adaptational, multilevel, and multidetermined. Concerns may be raised, however, as to whether current research methods are fully adequate to test these newer, more complex, multilevel theories or the clinical phenomena they seek to characterize. To address these difficulties, as well as to increase the pace of scientific advances that may result from propitious links among theory, research, and practice, I offer several recommendations to clinical psychology in general and to clinical child psychological research in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"553-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Child-focused behavioral assessment and modification.","authors":"I M Evans","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Argues that behavioral principles have been translated into practice with children too literally and that a more integrative framework is required to guide assessment and treatment. The framework advocated is Staats's (1996) psychological behaviorism. This is a consistently behavioristic, positivist paradigm, using multilevel theory to emphasize the integration of social learning, developmental, and personality principles. Psychological behaviorism thus allows for a much more expansive approach than has typically been the case within child behavior therapy. Given the complexity of this perspective, I selected four broad tenets of the theory and suggested their implications for clinical contexts. The further translation from clinical models to specific clinical practices is quite difficult but may yield more flexible and substitutable practices than do unidimensional treatment outcome studies. Of special importance, the principles demonstrate how children themselves can retain the central focus of child behavioral assessment and modification. Specific practices still need to be constructed according to an understanding of the multiple sources of influence on children as well as the culture of childhood itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"493-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United we stand, divided we fall: the education and training needs of clinical child psychologists.","authors":"A M La Greca, J N Hughes","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reviews efforts to delineate training needs for psychologists who are providing clinical services to children, adolescents, and families. In particular, this article (a) describes efforts of clinical child and other psychologists who work with children, adolescents, and families to develop education and training guidelines; (b) discusses the overlap among various child and adolescent providers within psychology; and (c) highlights several key competencies that have been identified as important for all psychologists in practice roles with children and adolescents. In particular, we emphasize the need for greater collaboration and integration among various psychological specialties that focus on children, adolescents, and families and for greater system-wide discussion of training needs and priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"435-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current (lack of) status of theory in child and adolescent psychotherapy research.","authors":"A E Kazdin","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considers fundamental issues raised by current child and adolescent psychotherapy research, including the neglect of theory in psychotherapy research, the distinction between theories of onset of dysfunction and therapeutic change, and the progression of knowledge from description to explanation and from risk factors to causal agents. The complex relations of proposed influences and clinical outcomes and constraints of current statistical models illustrate key challenges for understanding the nature of clinical disorders and therapeutic change. Much more attention to understanding how treatment achieves therapeutic change is needed, not only to address conspicuous lacunae in the knowledge base but also to optimize the effects of treatment in clinical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"533-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postempiricism and psychological theory.","authors":"D Bolton","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discusses postempiricism as a view of scientific knowledge and of knowledge in general. It gives a prominent role to theory in relation to experience, experiment, and action and emphasizes the contextual nature of knowledge. The articles by Dishion and Patterson (this issue), Evans (this issue), and Liddle (this issue) are all positioned clearly in this contemporary epistemology. Fonagy's (this issue) analysis of the apparent restriction of psychoanalytic methods of change is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"550-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical child and developmental-clinical programs: perhaps necessary but not sufficient?","authors":"R Forehand","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Takes the position that, when considering the science component of clinical psychology, both clinical child and developmental-clinical approaches to training may be too narrow or limiting and that perhaps we should consider broader alternatives, such as an ecological training model. However, I also propose that the type of training program selected is not the only factor to consider, as the working relationship between the individual faculty member and graduate student exerts considerable influence on what a student learns in a graduate program.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"476-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of theory in child psychosocial intervention and research: introductory comments.","authors":"W K Silverman","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"490-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theory development in a family-based therapy for adolescent drug abuse.","authors":"H A Liddle","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family-based treatments for adolescent drug abuse and related behavior problems have been developed and evaluated with success. Empirical support exists for the efficacy of family-based treatments, and process studies have begun to identify mechanisms by which these treatments may achieve their effects. This article discusses theory and related clinical refinements in a contemporary family-based intervention, multidimensional family therapy. Expansions in the theoretical basis of the model are discussed. I highlight 2 aspects of the theory evolution process, resulting in a sharper clinical focus on intrapersonal development and on adolescents' and families' functioning vis-à-vis influential extrafamilial ecologies of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"521-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incorporating a developmental perspective in doctoral training: survey of clinical child psychology training programs and introduction to the special section.","authors":"J Zeman, D W Nangle, L Sim","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined the degree to which clinical child programs incorporate and integrate developmental theory into their training, and introduced the contributions of 6 leaders in the field to this special section. Fifty-one clinical child doctoral programs responded to the survey. Results indicate that 3 types of training programs are operating: (a) child emphasis (n = 7), which do not have a formal clinical child training program but do have a faculty member who has child research interests; (b) clinical child (n = 37), which have a group of faculty members with specific child research and clinical interests and a formalized program of study; and (c) developmental-clinical programs (n = 7), which are similar to clinical child programs but require a substantive amount of developmental psychology course work and endorse a developmental psychopathology perspective. Findings reveal that clinical child programs have become increasingly differentiated and specialized over the past 20 years, but, with the exception of developmental-clinical programs, most programs are still neglecting to incorporate developmental theory into training. This issue, as well as concerns about the future direction of clinical child doctoral training is addressed in this special section on the Importance of Incorporating Developmental Theory Into Clinical Child Training.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"426-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2804_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21445875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}