{"title":"The role of parental emotional distress in parent report of child anxiety.","authors":"A L Krain, P C Kendall","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluated the role of maternal and paternal emotional distress in parent report of anxiety in their child. Participants were 239 children (ages 7.5 to 15 years) diagnosed with a primary anxiety disorder and their parents (193 fathers, 238 mothers). Parents individually completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Parent Version (a report of the child's anxiety). Children completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Mothers and fathers reported more anxiety in their children than the children reported themselves. No significant relations were found between parental anxiety and parent report of child anxiety. When we examined girls only, both maternal and paternal BDI scores were significant predictors of parent report of the child's anxiety after we controlled for parental anxiety. Separate analyses by child age revealed that parent reports of child anxiety were more correlated with the self-reports of younger children. The implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"328-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21805658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social inhibition and overfriendliness as related to socioemotional functioning in 7- and 8-year-old children.","authors":"G Bohlin, K Bengtsgård, K Andersson","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined high, medium, and low social inhibition groups in a Swedish sample (N = 815) of 7- and 8-year-old children on the basis of parental reports about their children's reaction to novel social situations. High social inhibition was associated with increased levels of internalizing problems and low social competence. Among the low-inhibited children, we identified a subgroup by using an index of overfriendliness. Overfriendliness was associated with more internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems and lower prosocial orientation. The findings support the notion of high social inhibition as a risk factor for the development of internalizing problems and low social competence but question the view of low inhibition as descriptive of generally well-functioning children. Rather, this is true for low-inhibited children only when they are also low in overfriendliness. Thus, the results point to a need for a better understanding of developmental pathways for both high- and low-inhibited children.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"414-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S L Toth, D Cicchetti, J Macfie, F A Rogosch, A Maughan
{"title":"Narrative representations of moral-affiliative and conflictual themes and behavioral problems in maltreated preschoolers.","authors":"S L Toth, D Cicchetti, J Macfie, F A Rogosch, A Maughan","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined whether maltreated preschoolers are more likely than nonmaltreated preschoolers to have fewer moral-affiliative and more conflictual narrative representations and whether these representations mediate child behavior problems. A structured narrative story-telling task was administered to assess representations, and independent ratings of behavior problems were obtained from teachers. The narratives of maltreated children contained more conflictual and fewer moral-affiliative themes. Maltreated children also exhibited more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. A partial mediation effect of conflictual representations on the relation between child maltreatment and externalizing behavior problems was found. The results demonstrate the relation between child maltreatment and children's organization of their life experiences and their behavioral symptomatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"307-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21805656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer-based differences among boys with ADHD.","authors":"J B Hodgens, J Cole, J Boldizar","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined the peer interactions and peer acceptance of three groups of boys ages 8 to 11 1/2 years: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), predominantly inattentive type; ADHD, combined type; and nonclinical controls (N = 45). Peer nominations were obtained from each boy's classroom. Newly acquainted peers consisting of boys from each of the 3 groups were observed for 3 play sessions, after which peer nominations were obtained. Both ADHD groups were more likely than nonclinical controls to receive lower social preference scores from peers in the classroom but not in the play groups. In both settings, boys from the predominantly inattentive group were more likely to be nominated as very shy, whereas boys from the combined type group were more likely to be nominated for starting fights and arguments. Observations of the play group showed that boys from the predominantly inattentive group displayed a marked pattern of social withdrawal. The findings suggest that the peer rejection experienced by these 2 groups may result from very different social behavior patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"443-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The abilities of children with mental retardation to remember personal experiences: implications for testimony.","authors":"M K Michel, B N Gordon, P A Ornstein, M A Simpson","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigated the abilities of children with mental retardation to remember the details of a personally experienced event. A simulated health check was administered to 20 children with mental retardation and 40 normally developing children, half matched on mental age (MA) and half matched on chronological age (CA) with the children with mental retardation. The children's memory was assessed immediately after the health check and 6 weeks later. Overall, the children with mental retardation accurately recalled the health check features, provided detail, and resisted misleading questions about features that did not occur. The group with mental retardation performed similarly to the MA matches on virtually all of the memory variables. The children with mental retardation performed worse than the CA matches on most of the memory variables, although they were able to recall a similar number of features. The findings are discussed in terms of the ability of children with mental retardation to provide accurate testimony.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"453-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: normative data and further evidence of construct validity.","authors":"H M Inderbitzen-Nolan, K S Walters","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Replicates and extends prior work with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) by providing psychometric data, further evidence of construct validity, and large-sample based normative data. Participants were 2,937 students (1,431 boys and 1,506 girls) in Grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Students completed the SAS-A, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results replicated a three-factor structure for the SAS-A, with good internal consistencies for its subscales. Normative data were subdivided by sex and grade group. Construct validity included replication of prior relations with general anxiety (RCMAS) and depressive symptomatology (CDI). Implications of these results for further use and norming of the SAS-A are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"360-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening for trauma in children and adolescents: the validity of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders.","authors":"P Muris, H Merckelbach, P Körver, C Meesters","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined the validity of the Traumatic Stress Disorder scale of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), a recently developed self-report questionnaire measuring Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) defined anxiety disorders symptoms in children. A large sample of normal schoolchildren (N = 996) ages 7 to 19 years completed the SCARED. Children who scored high on the SCARED Traumatic Stress Disorder scale (i.e., trauma group; n = 43) and children who scored low on this scale (i.e., control group; n = 43) were then interviewed about their most aversive life event. In addition, children completed self-report questionnaires of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Results showed that children in the trauma group more frequently reported life events that independent judges considered to be 'potentially traumatic' than did control children. Furthermore, children in the trauma group reported having experienced more traumatic incidents and had higher scores on PTSD-related questionnaires compared with control children. Moreover, trauma group children more frequently fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for PTSD than did control children. The results of this study support the validity of the Traumatic Stress Disorder scale of the SCARED.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"406-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P B Cunningham, S W Henggeler, S P Limber, G B Melton, M A Nation
{"title":"Patterns and correlates of gun ownership among nonmetropolitan and rural middle school students.","authors":"P B Cunningham, S W Henggeler, S P Limber, G B Melton, M A Nation","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined prevalence of gun ownership and the links among gun ownership, reasons for gun ownership, and antisocial behavior in a sample of nonmetropolitan and rural middle school students. Participants completed the Questionnaire for Students (Olweus, 1995) and included 6,263 students from 36 elementary and middle schools, of whom most were African American (range = 46%-95% per school). Reasons for gun ownership were strongly associated with rates of antisocial behavior. Youths who owned guns for sporting reasons reported rates of antisocial behavior that were only slightly higher than those reported by youths who did not own guns. Youths who owned guns to gain respect or to frighten others reported extremely high rates of antisocial behavior. These high-risk adolescent gun owners were likely to come from families of high-risk gun owners, associate with friends who were high-risk gun owners, and engage in high rates of bullying behavior. Findings suggest that effective violence prevention programs must target high-risk youths, address risk factors that go beyond individual settings, and address a comprehensive array of risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"432-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21804919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A preliminary study of the emotion understanding of youths referred for treatment of anxiety disorders.","authors":"M A Southam-Gerow, P C Kendall","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examined the emotion understanding of children and adolescents referred for treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) anxiety disorders (separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or social phobia). Referred youths (n = 17) and nonreferred youths (n = 21) and their parents participated by completing self-report and parent-report questionnaires and structured diagnostic interviews. We interviewed all youths by using an emotion understanding interview. Referred youths demonstrated poorer understanding of hiding emotions and changing emotions compared with nonreferred youth. The 2 groups were not significantly different regarding their understanding of emotion cues and multiple emotions, however. No statistically significant relation emerged between general intelligence and emotion understanding. Future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"319-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21805657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Threat perception bias in nonreferred, socially anxious children.","authors":"P Muris, H Merckelbach, E Damsma","doi":"10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigated whether socially anxious children display a threat perception bias. A sample of 252 primary school children ages 8 to 13 years were exposed to ambiguous stories of social situations and instructed to find out as quickly as possible whether a story was scary. Furthermore, children were invited to tell how each story would end and to judge how they would feel when actually confronted with that situation. The main results can be summarized as follows. First, socially anxious children displayed lower thresholds for threat perception than control children. In other words, compared with control children, socially anxious children needed to hear fewer sentences of a story before deciding it was scary. Furthermore, socially anxious children more frequently perceived threat while listening to the stories than did control children. Finally, socially anxious children more often interpreted the stories as threatening and displayed higher levels of negative feelings and cognitions in relation to these stories compared with control children. These findings fit nicely in current information-processing theories of childhood anxiety. An additional aim of this study was to investigate the convergent validity of the social phobia scales of 2 recently developed self-report questionnaires for measuring anxiety disorder symptoms in children: the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (Spence, 1998) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (Birmaher et al., 1997). Results indicated that the social phobia scale of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the extended social phobia scale of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders correlated substantially with a specific measure of social anxiety, the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised.</p>","PeriodicalId":79502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical child psychology","volume":"29 3","pages":"348-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2903_6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21805660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}