Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine最新文献

{"title":"[Routine PCR screening for HBV, HCV and HIV-I genome in a large blood donation services--experiences and initial results].","authors":"V Schottstedt,&nbsp;W Tuma,&nbsp;G Bünger,&nbsp;P Lakenberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We adapted the PCR method to screen up to 3,000 blood donations per day for HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 contamination. Concerning logistics: The first step is the generation of 3 identical microtiter plates (PT) by using the self-validated automatic sample processor with disposable tips. Using the first PT, we pooled up to 600 aliquots taken from blood donations which are serological negative and free for clinical usage according to actual federal regulations. In the case of a positive PCR pool result the viremic donation is identified by 2 additional PCR pool testing steps with smaller pool sizes using the second and third PT. All described steps are supported by electronic data processing. The PCR-method: After virus concentration by ultracentrifugation and--in case of HCV and HIV-1--additional reverse transcription PCR-amplifications were performed. PCR in two genomic regions are done for each virus. Laser-induced fluorescence detection after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and computer analysis were used to check the amplification products. Using this approach, a virus-containing donation can be detected in up to 599 negative samples with following sensitivity: HBV and HIV-1, 1,000-1,500 genome equivalents/ml; HCV, 2,000-2,500 genome equivalents/ml, thus sensitivity being in the range of commercial available PCR kits when testing nonpooled samples. The sensitivity was validated by using national and international available standards with known virus genome concentrations. All processing steps are checked using different controls such as, e.g., negative, positive, premix controls, reporter virus, inhibition controls. Routinely employing this validated methodology, we investigated 327,013 donations until the end of June 1996. During this survey, we found at least 16 virus-containing donations which are negative in corresponding serological tests and would have been transfused (4 HBV-, 13 HCV-, 0 HIV-1-containing donations), including one later seroconversion for HBV and one for HCV. Using our adapted PCR-methodology, it seems possible to shorten the diagnostic window periods with acceptable costs for large transfusion centers (15 DM per donation for all 3 viruses including all steps and investments). Therefore, PCR seems to become a new method of choice to prevent transfusion transmitted infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"21-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical and flow cytometry outcome of improved photopheresis methods in dermatologic patients].","authors":"H Ullrich,&nbsp;W Stolz,&nbsp;S Barlage,&nbsp;K J Lackner,&nbsp;G Rothe,&nbsp;G Schmitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In photopheresis, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is added to a mononuclear cell concentrate and then activated by UVA light, thus forming covalent bonds between DNA strands. Infusion of these modified cells that are not able to replicate any more seems to lead to the elimination of pathogenic T-cell clones and clinical improvement in patients suffering from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, graft versus host reactions, and various autoimmune diseases. The original method described by Edelson et al. (1987) was improved by the following modifications proposed by Andreu et al. (1994): i) by using a cell separator (COBE Spectra) that produced purer concentrate with less red blood cells absorbing UVA light. ii) By applying 8-MOP directly into the collection bag, the drug side effects due to the oral application of the thousandfold dose and varying serum levels were avoided. iii) By irradiating the concentrate after collection, all cells received the same irradiation dosage. We treated 2 men with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 2 women with atopic eczema and 1 man with severe pustular psoriasis with overall 123 extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECPC) sessions. In addition to routine laboratory analysis, detailed characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations was carried out by flow cytometry to differentiate T-helper and T-suppressor cells and their activation (HLA-DR, CD 25), B, NK cells, and monocyte subpopulations. The following mediators soluble were analyzed as well: Il-2-receptor and as indicators of acute phase reaction Il-8, neopterin and Il-1 beta. We observed a good clinical improvement independent of no significant trend in the immunological phenotype of circulating blood leukocytes. Our results suggest that ECPC effects are not mediated by a systemic immune response or alternatively are not measured in the blood compartment.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"256-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Sia-lb1 antigenicity by sulphur-containing substituents at C-5 of free N-acetylneuraminic acid.","authors":"D Roelcke,&nbsp;A Leo,&nbsp;R Brossmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sia-lb1 epitope, recognized by anti-Sia-lb1 cold agglutinins, is unique since it is represented by the alpha-N-acetylneuraminic acid (alpha NeuNAc) monosaccharide. Chemical modifications of the chain at C-5 of alpha NeuNAc have shown that the natural 2-carbon and the artificial 3-carbon chains are optimal for anti-Sia-lb1 binding. Sia-lb1 antigenicity of alpha NeuNAc could be tenfold enhanced by replacement of the carbonyl oxygen by sulphur. The structural requirements of the Sia-lb1 epitope for optimal antibody binding were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"215-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutations in severe hemophilia A: distribution within the factor VIII gene, origin and influence on inhibitor development.","authors":"J Oldenburg,&nbsp;T Grimm,&nbsp;J Becker,&nbsp;K Olek,&nbsp;H H Brackmann,&nbsp;R Schwaab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"224-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection cycle of herpes viruses after photodynamic treatment with methylene blue and light.","authors":"K Müller-Breitkreutz,&nbsp;H Mohr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 was inactivated by illumination with red light in the presence of low concentrations (1 microM) of methylene blue (MB). In ultrastructural examinations after photodynamic treatment, no significant damage of the viral envelope was observed. The inactivated viruses were able to bind to host cells and to penetrate them. Viral DNA was released within the cells, but DNA replication was completely inhibited by photodynamic treatment. In Southern blots, a degradation of the viral DNA was detected with increasing illumination time. Taken together, these data show that MB/light treatment of herpes viruses gives rise to DNA damage and blocks DNA replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of standard unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins on platelets of patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery.","authors":"M Aulmann,&nbsp;S Kwasniki,&nbsp;B W Böttiger,&nbsp;P J Meeder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For prevention of venous thromboembolism in general and in orthopedic surgery, patients are treated prophylactically with standard unfractionated heparins (SH) or with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). Patients (n = 22) undergoing total hip replacement surgery received either 5,000 IU SH (Heparin-Na) three times per day (n = 10 patients) or LMWH (Fraxiparin) once per day (n = 12 patients). Blood samples using CTAD (citrate, theophylline, adenine, dipyridamole) as anticoagulant were collected perioperatively after the first heparin administration, after the operation, and daily until day 4 postoperatively. After cooling at 4 degrees C blood samples were centrifuged, platelet-rich plasmas (PRPs) prepared, and after platelet counting PRPs were divided into platelet sediments (PS) and platelet-poor plasmas (PPP). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), serotonin, P-selectin, and laminin were analyzed in PPP and in PS after two freezing/thawing cycles. Platelet serotonin contents and serotonin release did not differ in either heparin group (SH and LMWH). In the LMWH group, 72 h postoperatively the intraplatelet cAMP was significantly (p < 0.01) higher. P-selectin values in PPP and platelet P-selectin release did not vary between the SH and the LMWH group; on the contrary, the platelet P-selectin content increased in the LMWH group 72 and 96 h postoperatively, while in the SH group this parameter showed a small decrease. The differences were significant (p < 0.05). The platelet-bound laminin underwent a slight change 48 and 72 h postoperatively in the LMWH group, but in the SH group the platelet-bound laminin increased permanently and significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) until 72 h postoperatively, but 96 h postoperatively there was a small decline. In the SH group, 24-96 h postoperatively the platelet-bound laminin was significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.005) augmented, compared with the LMWH group. The higher cAMP and P-selectin contents in the LMWH group suggest that platelets are less impaired by LMWH, and the augmented platelet-bound laminin in the SH group could express the platelet impairment evoked by standard unfractionated heparins.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"242-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of extracorporeal peripheral blood stem cell apheresis on platelet antigens.","authors":"K Gutensohn,&nbsp;K Hummel,&nbsp;C Goepfert,&nbsp;J Riggert,&nbsp;U Cassens,&nbsp;P Kuehnl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"153-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: anti-Coa in a Co-(a+)-typed patient with chronic renal insufficiency.","authors":"A Leo,&nbsp;J P Cartron,&nbsp;M Strittmatter,&nbsp;G Rowe,&nbsp;D Roelcke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recently identified molecular structure of the Colton blood group system is characterized by an amino acid substitution at position 45 (Colton a: alanine, Colton b: valine) of the archetypical water channel protein Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), which regulates water homeostasis in the erythrocyte membrane and in the proximal tubule of the nephron. We identified a patient with the unique constellation of an antibody with the specificity anti-Coa and the Co (a+) phenotype. The serological antigen typing was confirmed by molecular typing with PCR-RFLP. The antibody has to be interpreted as an antibody against a partial Colton a antigen or as an autoantibody despite a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT). The patient is suffering from chronic renal insufficiency of unknown origin, rising speculation about a pathophysiological relationship between the serological constellation and the clinical disease under the aspect of localization of the Colton antigens on AQP1.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"185-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the formation of epitopes in the Rh system.","authors":"H H Sonneborn,&nbsp;M Ernst,&nbsp;D Voak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"199-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine rhesus-D genotyping in amniotic fluid: analysis of exon 10 versus intron 4 by polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"T H Müller,&nbsp;I Lammers,&nbsp;S Gran,&nbsp;I Neuse,&nbsp;A Leo,&nbsp;F Schunter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both the exon 10 and the intron between exons 4 and 5 of the Rh-D gene were analyzed in DNA from amniotic cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to determine the fetal Rh-D status. Residual (0.3-2 ml) samples of amniotic fluid obtained by diagnostic amniocentesis in Rh-D-negative women were analyzed. It is important to standardize the sampling and preanalytical storage and to optimize DNA extraction procedures as well as the detection of PCR products for maximal sensitivity. Genotyping was successful in approximately 90% (229 of 256) of amniotic fluid samples tested. Consistent Rh-D results were obtained by both methods in all 229 typed samples with a single exception. Our experience demonstrates that routine genotyping of the Rh-D blood group in small volumes of amniotic fluid (0.5-2 ml) is feasible. Its validity is currently tested by comparison of the prenatal genotype with the serotype of the newborn.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"210-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}