{"title":"[Study by the Professional Organization of German Transfusion Physicians on epidemiology of HIV- and hepatitis infections in blood donors].","authors":"D Glück, C Maurer, B Kubanek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequency of the seromarkers of HIV, HCV, and HBV in the donor population from all donor centers in Germany became available from the multicenter study of the transfusion services. From these data the risk of virus transmission by blood products can be estimated at 1:1 million for HIV and 1:50,000 for HBV. For HCV, preliminary data indicate the risk for Germany in less than 1:20,000. The risk is even lower, with less than 1:200,000 when calculated from seroconversion data of a rural donor population. The safety of blood products has been very much improved due to the continuous donor selection over the last years and by the epidemiologic situation in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20344789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Plasma donor screening and product safety].","authors":"H Storch, G Ponsel, H Igel, R Worofka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to the specific virus reduction and inactivation procedures during the manufacturing process, the thorough selection of the source material is an essential factor for the product safety of plasmaderivatives. Screening of donors, inventory hold, and plasma pool testing by PCR are important aspects in raising the safety margin. Between January 1, 1994 and June 30, 1996, 576,673 plasma donations were collected in the German and Austrian plasmapheresis centers of IMMUNO. Incidence rates for viral markers (confirmatory tests) as antibodies against HIV, HCV, and HB surface antigen (HBsAg) were calculated as 0.35, 0.87, and 0.87 per 10(5) donations, respectively. Due to look-back, 1.33% of the donations were eliminated between January and October 1995. In 32% of the donations being rejected in the time of inventory hold in case of elevated alaninamino-transferase (ALT) of the donors, HCV genomes were shown which emphasizes the importance of this surrogate marker. Out of 1,240 pilot pools tested by quality assured PCR (IQ-PCR) being performed by IMMUNO since October 1995, in 4% of cases HCV and in 0.2% HBV genomic equivalents were shown. However, genomes of HIV were not found. The measures aiming at a safe plasma pool are part of IMMUNO's safety concept which is confirmed by the fact that there was no transmission of hepatitis or AIDS viruses by IMMUNO products, since virus inactivation procedures have been established.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"31-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20345193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Mansouri Taleghani, F Manke, R Langer, H A Henrich, R Grossmann, R Hofmann, D Wiebecke
{"title":"[Changes in blood rheology and microcirculation after preparatory combined thrombocytapheresis and plasmapheresis].","authors":"B Mansouri Taleghani, F Manke, R Langer, H A Henrich, R Grossmann, R Hofmann, D Wiebecke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Because of anticoagulation, changes in blood composition, and--perhaps--extracorporeal circulation, donor apheresis should cause alterations in hemorheology and hence in the perfusion of the microvasculature.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>19 regular blood donors were included. According to our standard protocol for automated collection of blood components with the MCS 3p cell separator, we harvested 1 unit of platelets and 2 units of plasma in each case. Prior to, 1 h after, and 24 h after donation, the following parameters were measured: total serum protein (tsp), hematocrit (hc), whole blood and plasma viscosity (wbv/pv), red cell aggregability (rca) and blood flow velocity of the nail-fold capillaries (bfv).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following parameters decreased 1 h/24 h after donation: tsp (p < 0.001/p = 0.008), elastic wbv (p = 0.018/p < 0.001), viscous wbv (p = 0.85/p = 0.0031), pv (p < 0.001/p < 0.001), static rca (p < 0.001/p = 0.0073), dynamic rca (p < 0.001/p = 0.017). The hc showed an initial increase (p < 0.001) with a subsequent overshooting decrease after 24 h (p < 0.001). 1 h after donation bfv raised (p = 0.0065). It decreased after 24 h and remained only slightly higher than the initial level (p = 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automated combined collection of platelets and plasma gives rise to: i) Improvement of rheological properties of the donor's blood and increased bfv of his nail-fold capillaries within the 1st h after apheresis. ii) 24 h after donation the improved hemorheological properties remain demonstrable, but the bfv of nail-fold capillaries declines and shows a trend toward the starting-point. iii) Taken together, this is possibly reflecting adapted hemodynamic and vasoconstrictor regulation for altered hemorheological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"123-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Electron microscopy study of HES cryopreserved erythrocytes].","authors":"R Langer, J Bickel, H A Henrich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using electron microscopy (EM), it was examined whether cryopreservation with HES causes shape changes of erythrocytes. Each of 11 erythrocyte suspensions (Hct = 40; HES 200,00/0.5/12.5%; 60 mM NaCl) was separated into 40-ml samples, cooled down to -196 degrees C and finally stored. In addition, 11 samples were stored at -80 degrees C for 3 months. The preparation for EM was done immediately after thawing or in case of native cells shortly after donation. On EM micrographs, there was no visible difference between native and cryopreserved erythrocytes. In every case the preparations showed normocytes, either as single cells or having attracted other ones, forming rouleau. Packed cells were attached tightly to each other without any gap in between. The tangent count method neither revealed an excess of convexity nor of concavity. The erythrocyte membrane looked normal, and the cytoplasmatic space was filled with electron-dense material (hemoglobin) homogeneously; Heinz bodies were not seen. Scanning microscopy portrayed native as well as cryopreserved cells as discocytes with the characteristic bioconcave resting shape of human erythrocytes. It is concluded that cryopreservation of erythrocytes with HES does not cause shape changes. Therefore, a sequestration into the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) by means of identification of morphological abnormalities may not be expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"71-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20345197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Seifried, H Bialleck, H Weber, C M Kirchmaier, E Waschk, S Marx, S Tschauder, W K Roth
{"title":"[Prevalence of hepatitis G virus genome in blood donors].","authors":"E Seifried, H Bialleck, H Weber, C M Kirchmaier, E Waschk, S Marx, S Tschauder, W K Roth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relevance of the GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) in blood banking results from its high prevalence in blood donors and the fact that it is present at a very high percentage (18%) in polytransfused and hemophiliac patients. Since there is no assay available for serological testing, we developed a sensitive PCR utilizing newly designed NS3 primers to investigate the prevalence in blood donors in Hessia. Testing 1,143 accepted blood donors with alaninaminotransferase (ALT) concentrations < 45 U/l we found 15 (1.3%) positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA. From 507 donors settling in urban Frankfurt areas, 10 (2.0%) were positive. Of those donors settling in rural hessian areas only 5/635 (0.8%) tested positive. By testing 100 excluded donors with ALT values > 45 U/l, 3% turned out to be positive. In 4 out of 9 recipients of GBV-C/HGV-positive blood products we detected the donor viral RNA as proved by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The virus was transmitted to 3 recipients by erythrocytes and to 1 recipient by platelets. Testing family members of the GBV-C/HGV-positive blood donors we could not detect any intrafamilial transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[In-line leukocyte depletion ov thrombocytapheresis concentrates with the Fresenius-AS-104 cell separator].","authors":"T Zeiler, V Kretschmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>This study reports on in-line filtration of 72 platelet concentrates (PC) collected by the Fresenius AS 104 cell separator, using the new C4F sets with integrated leukocyte filters (Biofil P plus).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>72 volunteer donors, automatic counts of platelets, microscopical counting of residual leukocytes with the Nageotte chamber, GMP-140 by flow cytometrie, beta-thromboglobulin release, platelet aggregation (ADP, collagen).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Filtration reduced leukocytes by 98.5%. Residual leukocyte contamination remained clearly below 5 x 10(6) (mean 0.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(6), maximum 2.8 x 10(6). Platelet loss by filtration was found to be between 27.4 and 0.7% (median 8.5%). Filtration caused a significant decrease of platelet aggregability (p < 0.005), but no significant increase of beta-thromboglobulin release and only a slight decrease of GMP-140 expression. From these data can be concluded that in-line filtration was highly efficient with acceptable platelet retention. No significant platelet activation could be observed in the PC. The decrease of platelet aggregability have been due to the reduction of activated platelets which are believed to show reduced in vivo survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"110-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[A new separation protocol (DRBCP-F) for automated blood component donation with the MCS 3p cell separator for collection of leukocyte depleted erythrocyte concentrates and plasma].","authors":"T Zeiler, V Kretschmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previously published studies on automated blood component donation with the MCS 3p cell separator proved fairly good quality of the collected red blood cells (RBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), with the disadvantage of a low hematocrit of the filtered RBC and a high platelet contamination of the FFP (RBCP-F protocol.) The DRBCP-F protocol was designed to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and to provide 1 unit of leuko-depleted (filtered) RBC, 2 units of FFP, and additionally 1 platelet concentrate (PC) from the buffy coat. Twenty automated blood component collections (2 cycles, Latham bowl at 5,500 rpm, 230 ml isotonic saline for volume balance, PAGGS-M as additive solution) were performed. The RBC were filtered in a closed system after storage at 4 degrees C for 24 h. Blood cell counts and biochemical parameters of the RBC were determined initially and after 49 days. PC were separated from buffy coat after a soft spin. The volume of the RBC amounted to 293 +/- 12 ml (mean +/- SD) with a hematocrit of 0.61 +/- 0.05 l/l. Residual leukocytes after filtration were found to be 0.04 x 10(6) +/- 0.06 per unit. After storage, the following data were obtained: hemolysis 0.38%, ATP 2.1 +/- 0.4 mumol/g Hb, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 1.4 +/- 0.3 mumol/g Hb, ph 6.3 +/- 0.1, potassium 6.4 mmol per unit, and LDH in the supernatant was 219 U/l. None of the RBC showed bacterial growth after 49 days. The volume of the collected FFP was 398 +/- 32 ml, with 3.4 +/- 3.5 x 10(3) residual platelets and 5 +/- 12 leukocytes per microliter. Platelet concentrates contained 90.2 +/- 32 x 10(9) platelets in 88 +/- 14 ml plasma. Automated blood donation with the DRBCP-F protocol provided RBC with very low residual leukocyte counts, adequate hematocrit and good metabolic status up to 49 days, and FFP with low platelet contamination. The platelet concentrates were even superior to those prepared from whole blood using the buffy coat method. The storable leuko-depleted RBC are suitable for transfusion of chronically transfused patients in whom primary HLA sensitization should be prevented.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"118-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20346119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photodynamic virus inactivation of thrombocyte concentrates by phenothiazine dyes.","authors":"A Klein-Struckmeier, H Mohr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"43-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and thrombin reliably detects the ingestion of low-dose aspirin.","authors":"T H Müller, S Schmidt, F Schunter, G H Reil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exposure of blood donors to aspirin is not reliably excluded by pharmacokinetic measurements due to the irreversible effects of aspirin which persist even after elimination of aspirin and its metabolites from plasma. Tests of platelet functions do overcome this deficit, but are usually limited by substantial inter-individual variability of parameters of platelet function. We have evaluated platelet aggregation ex vivo in 20 aspirin-treated (100 mg single oral dose/day) patients in comparison with a control group of 20 aspirin-free donors. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the collagen(2.5 micrograms/ml)-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin treatment, whereas thrombin(50 mumol/l TRAP-6)-induced platelet aggregation was not affected at all. Assessment of collagen-induced platelet aggregation relative to platelet responses of the same subject elicited either by thrombin or by a combination of collagen and thrombin does substantially improve the reliability of functional assays of aspirin.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"105-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of IgG alloantibodies in patients with high-titer IgM cold agglutinins by serum/plasma affinity chromatography.","authors":"D Stahl, H Kreft, H Hack, B Schraven, D Roelcke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection of IgG alloantibodies in the presence of high-titer cold autoagglutinins (CAs) can be extremely difficult, especially under pressure of time when transfusion of red blood cells is urgently needed. Here we demonstrate that IgG alloantibodies in the presence of high-titer IgM CAs can be easily detected by quantitative IgG purification from serum or plasma by affinity chromatography. In comparison with the routinely used methods for IgG alloantibody identification, affinity chromatography shows better or identical results and is the method leading to results most rapidly.</p>","PeriodicalId":79439,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin = Contributions to infusion therapy and transfusion medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"176-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}