Australian journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

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Effects of oral creatine supplementation on multiple sprint cycle performance. 补充口服肌酸对多个冲刺周期性能的影响。
C Barnett, M Hinds, D G Jenkins
{"title":"Effects of oral creatine supplementation on multiple sprint cycle performance.","authors":"C Barnett,&nbsp;M Hinds,&nbsp;D G Jenkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the influence of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on repeated 10 s cycle ergometer sprint performance. Seventeen recreationally active males (mean +/- SD age, body mass, height, and peak oxygen uptake = 20.5 +/- 1.2 yr, 72.1 +/- 10.3 kg, 176.8 +/- 6.6 cm and 3.87 +/- 0.91 l.min-1, respectively) participated in the 16 day experiment. All subjects initially completed a VO2peak test and were then administered glucose (4 x 10 g per day) in a single blind fashion for four days, after which they completed the first series of multiple sprints (7 x 10 s). Following the sprints, subjects were matched on sprint performance and divided into two groups (n = 8, placebo (Pl); and n = 9, creatine (Cr)). For the following four days, diets were supplemented with either Cr (4 x 70 mg.kg-1 body mass per day mixed with 5 g glucose) or glucose (4 x 10 g per day); supplementation during this phase was double-blind. Subjects then repeated the multiple sprint and VO2peak tests. Measures of peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), end-power output (EPO), and percent power decline were recorded during the sprints. Each 10 s sprint was separated by 30 s of passive recovery except for sprints five and six which were separated by five minutes. Venous blood was sampled at rest, immediately after sprint five, before sprint six, and following sprint seven for the analysis of plasma lactate and blood pH. Expired air was sampled for five minutes following sprint seven for the calculation of post-exercise VO2. Analysis of variance revealed that four days of Cr supplementation did not influence multiple sprint performance, plasma lactate, blood pH and excess post-sprint oxygen consumption. Furthermore, VO2peak was unchanged following Cr supplementation. The data suggest that either the four day period of Cr supplementation failed to significantly raise resting muscle [Cr], or that multiple sprint performance was not enhanced by increases in resting muscle [Cr].</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 1","pages":"35-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19715838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A test of Martens, Vealey and Burton's theory of competitive anxiety. 对马滕斯、韦利和伯顿的竞争焦虑理论的检验。
H Prapavessis, H Cox, L Brooks
{"title":"A test of Martens, Vealey and Burton's theory of competitive anxiety.","authors":"H Prapavessis,&nbsp;H Cox,&nbsp;L Brooks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to test Martens, Vealey, and Burton's (1990) theoretical model of competitive anxiety. In order to assess the variables corresponding to the model, a sample of 199 (N = 126, male and N = 73, female) individual sport athletes completed the following inventories: the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS; Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990), items related to the uncertainty of outcome, items related to the importance of outcome, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990). In addition, the short-form of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS; Reynolds, 1982) was completed by all subjects. The variables corresponding to the model underwent psychometric evaluation as well as a check for social desirability effects before they were used in a LISREL causal path model procedure. Results showed no concrete support for the basic propositions advanced through the model. Trait-anxiety did not significantly affect perception of threat and perception of threat had minimal effect on state-anxiety. Recommendations for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 1","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19715836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eating attitudes and body shape perceptions among elite rowers: effects of age, gender and weight category. 优秀赛艇运动员的饮食态度和体型感知:年龄、性别和体重类别的影响。
P C Terry, J Waite
{"title":"Eating attitudes and body shape perceptions among elite rowers: effects of age, gender and weight category.","authors":"P C Terry,&nbsp;J Waite","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the influence of age, gender and weight category upon measures associated with eating disorders. Elite rowers (N = 124) participating in the 1994 Great Britain National Squad trials, completed the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Subjects were grouped according to whether they competed in the Lightweight (Female: < 59 kg, N = 31; Male: < 72.5 kg, N = 31) or Heavyweight (Female: N = 31; Male: N = 31) category. Results revealed significantly higher EAT and BSQ scores among the Lightweight group, 16.2% of whom showed EAT scores above the threshold associated with eating disorders. Females showed significantly higher BSQ scores than males. The interaction effect was significant for BSQ, indicating a much greater increase in scores from heavyweight to lightweight for females than for males. EAT and BSQ scores were inversely correlated with age. These results suggest that the risk of eating disorders among elite rowers is mediated by age, gender and weight category.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19715832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muscular endurance and flexibility components of the Singapore National Physical Fitness Award. 新加坡国家体质奖的肌肉耐力和柔韧性组成部分。
G J Schmidt
{"title":"Muscular endurance and flexibility components of the Singapore National Physical Fitness Award.","authors":"G J Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selection of fitness tests for national fitness test batteries has been a major concern over the last decade in many countries. The present study examined muscular endurance and flexibility components of the Singapore National Physical Fitness Award (NAPFA) Scheme and compared the results with other similar fitness test protocols. A total of 286 subjects (149 males, 137 females) voluntarily participated and were divided into six age and gender groups. Significant correlations and no statistical differences (p < .05) were found between abdominal endurance using different protocols indicating that any of the alternative tests could be substituted for the NAPFA sit up test which has been classified as a contraindicated exercise (MacFarlane, 1993). In upper body muscular endurance tests, secondary age boys and all adults showed a high correlation (p < .01) with alternative test protocols. Replacement of the pull up test with the Vermont modified pull up test was recommended for primary and secondary boys because of the low number and many zero scores from the present NAPFA test. From this study it was concluded that the sit-and-reach test measured using a zero reference point from the floor could replace the present sit-and-reach test because the alternative protocol accounted for arm and leg differences. These findings provide safer and relevant alternative protocols for a national battery of field fitness assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 4","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19801785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serum free cortisol responses to a standard exercise test among elite triathletes. 精英铁人三项运动员对标准运动测试的血清游离皮质醇反应。
D G Rowbottom, D Keast, P Garcia-Webb, A R Morton
{"title":"Serum free cortisol responses to a standard exercise test among elite triathletes.","authors":"D G Rowbottom,&nbsp;D Keast,&nbsp;P Garcia-Webb,&nbsp;A R Morton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eighteen elite male triathletes completed an incremental treadmill run to volitional exhaustion, followed by two maximal cycle ergometer sprints. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest (R), immediately post- (P) and one hour postexercise (H). Serum was analysed for total cortisol (TC) by a radioimmunoassay, and free cortisol (FC) by a temperature and time dependent ultrafiltration/dialysis method. Mean (+SE) resting cortisol levels were 627 + or - 23 (TC) and 12.5 + or - 2.5 nmol 1(-1)(FC). The mean percentage increase in TC (P vs. R) was 49.0 + 73%, accompanied by a 344 + or - 47% increase in FC. Significantly divergent (p<0.001) total cortisol responses (H vs. P) were observed within the group, and the athletes were divided into two subgroups (A and B) on this basis. In group A, both TC and FC returned to resting levels. In group B, there was a further slight increase in TC, accompanied by a significant (p<0.01) increase in FC reaching 851 + or - 268% of resting levels. These data suggest that exercise-induced increases in free cortisol, and hence its catabolic effect, are of much greater relative magnitude than TC changes. The relationship between TC and FC was best fitted to an exponential regression, with a clearcut change in slope at 700 nmol 1(-1)(TC) suggesting saturation of the binding protein. We suggest that the measurement of cortisol in athletes be reassessed, favouring determination of FC in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 4","pages":"103-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19801084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anaerobic capacity assessment in male and female children with all-out isokinetic cycling exercise. 全等速自行车运动中男女儿童无氧能力的评估。
G A Naughton, J S Carlson
{"title":"Anaerobic capacity assessment in male and female children with all-out isokinetic cycling exercise.","authors":"G A Naughton,&nbsp;J S Carlson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaerobic capacity was assessed by calculating the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) in 7 male and 6 female children (aged 10.8 and 10.7 years, respectively) who exercised \"all-out\" to fatigue on a CYBEX TM (Met, 100) isokinetic cycle ergometer. Each child performed a series of submaximal steady state oxygen uptake tests and a peak oxygen uptake test. Data from submaximal and peak oxygen uptake tests were used to predict the oxygen demand for each child as they worked under \"all-out\" isokinetic cycling to volitional fatigue. The AOD was calculated as the difference between the predicted oxygen demand and the actual oxygen uptake for the duration of the test. In order to examine the repeatability of the testing the children performed two \"all-out\" tests on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. The absolute (I) and relative (ml kg1) AOD values for the males were not significantly different between trials (1.34 + or - .13 and 1.41 + or - 16 litres, and 35.6 + or - 3.7 and 37.7 + or - 4.7 ml-kg1, for trials one and two, respectively) (Mean +SEM). Similarly there were no significant differences in the AOD values for the female children between trials (1.40 + or -.13 and 1.37 + or -.16 litres and 35.6 + or - 3.8 and 34.6 + or - 3.6 for ml-kg1, for trials one and two, respectively). Over the two tests the respective peak and mean power results revealed no significant differences between the sexes (307.4 and 192.4 W for males and 274.3 and 192.6 W for females). Intraclass correlation coefficients (R) for the AOD results in litres and ml-kg in the tests were higher in the males (.96 and .95) than the females (.86 and .89), respectively. It was concluded that the isokinetic testing produced AOD results which were repeatable in this group of children, showed no sex differences and were comparable to those from children who had been tested using a constant power to exhaustion protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 4","pages":"83-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19801784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency of injuries in different age-groups in an elite rugby league club. 某精英橄榄球联盟俱乐部不同年龄组受伤频率分析。
J Estell, B Shenstone, L Barnsley
{"title":"Frequency of injuries in different age-groups in an elite rugby league club.","authors":"J Estell,&nbsp;B Shenstone,&nbsp;L Barnsley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injuries are frequent occurrences in Rugby league. It is unclear, however, whether different age groups and grades have different patterns of injury. The frequency of injury in six grades of an elite rugby League Team were studied over a competitive season. There were 374 injuries suffered by 113 different players in 104 games totalling 1540 player-position hours. Minor injuries were the most common type reported, with the older teenage grades having the highest frequency. The Under 19 years team had the highest injury frequency at 405.6 injuries per 1000 player-position hours followed by the Under 17 years team with 343.2 injuries per 1000 player position hours. More severe injuries were most common in the senior grades. First grade players suffered a major or severe injury (resulting in missing at least one subsequent match) with a frequency of 41.2 injuries per 1000 player-position hours. Possible reasons for these differences include age related anthropometric differences, training levels and techniques, muscle mass and physical development, skill acquisition, psychological maturity, playing experience, physical fitness, coaching tactics and frequency of play.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 4","pages":"95-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19801786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of 610 m altitude on rowing ergometer performance. 海拔610米对赛艇测力仪性能的影响。
R J Wood, A G Hahn, M E McBride
{"title":"The effect of 610 m altitude on rowing ergometer performance.","authors":"R J Wood,&nbsp;A G Hahn,&nbsp;M E McBride","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anecdotal evidence suggests that the 610 m altitude of the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra may affect athletic performances, despite the lack of theoretical evidence to support this. Also, the lower air resistance at altitude could alter the mechanics of air-braked exercise ergometers. Therefore, this study compared performance on a Concept II Rowing Ergometer at sea level (SL) and at Canberra (CB). Fourteen male junior rowers (age 16.1 +/- 0.6 years, weight 73.4 + or - 4.1 kg height 182.7 + or - 43 cm) completed two six-minute all-out rowing ergometer tests, in random order at either SL or CB. There was a significantly different (p < 0.001) peak VO2, 4.12 + or - 0.24 (SL) and 3.97 + or - 0.25 l-min-1 (CB). However there was only a small but non-significant difference in the distance completed; 1672 + 39 m (SL) to 1666 + or - 44 m (CB). The similar work completed at CB despite a lowered peak VO2 could not be explained by an increased energy contribution by glycolysis or by changes in rowing efficiency. Peak VI ATP was similar at both locations, although when corrected to STPD was significantly different (p < 0.001). Mean FEO2 was 17.29 + or - 0.25 (SL) and 17.09 + or - 0.28 (CB) indicating a greater O2 extraction at CB, which partially compensated for the lower PIO2. This effect on VO2 at such a low altitude has not been shown before, and means that altitude should always be considered in the interpretation of the results of aerobic fitness tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 4","pages":"98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19801787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The diagnosis of chronic groin pain in athletes: a review of 189 cases. 运动员慢性腹股沟疼痛的诊断:189例回顾。
G Lovell
{"title":"The diagnosis of chronic groin pain in athletes: a review of 189 cases.","authors":"G Lovell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The case-notes of 189 athletes with chronic groin pain were reviewed to determine the prevalence of the underlying conditions. Diagnoses were determined following a review of their history, clinical examination, local anaesthetic infiltration, radiological investigation, surgical exploration and clinical progress. The most common pathology found was an incipient hernia (50% of cases). Twenty-seven percent were found to have multiple pathologies. An approach to the differential diagnosis and radiological investigation of athletes with chronic groin pain is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 3","pages":"76-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19580077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of maximal oxygen consumption with oral and nasal breathing. 口腔呼吸和鼻腔呼吸的最大耗氧量比较。
A R Morton, K King, S Papalia, C Goodman, K R Turley, J H Wilmore
{"title":"Comparison of maximal oxygen consumption with oral and nasal breathing.","authors":"A R Morton,&nbsp;K King,&nbsp;S Papalia,&nbsp;C Goodman,&nbsp;K R Turley,&nbsp;J H Wilmore","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major cause of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is thought to be the drying and cooling of the airways during the 'conditioning' of the inspired air. Nasal breathing increases the respiratory system's ability to warm and humidity the inspired air compared to oral breathing and reduces the drying and cooling effects of the increased ventilation during exercise. This will reduce the severity of EIA provoked by a given intensity and duration of exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine the exercise intensity (%VO2 max) at which healthy subjects, free from respiratory disease, could perform while breathing through the nose-only and to compare this with mouth-only and mouth plus nose breathing. Twenty subjects (11 males and 9 females) ranging from 18-55 years acted as subjects in this study. They were all non-smokers and non-asthmatic. At the time of the study, all subjects were involved in regular physical activity and were classified, by a physician, as free from nasal polyps or other nasal obstruction. The percentage decrease in maximal ventilation with nose-only breathing compare to mouth and mouth plus nose breathing was three times the percentage decrease in maximal oxygen consumption. The pattern of nose-only breathing at maximal work showed a small reduction in tidal volume and large reduction in breathing frequency. Nasal breathing resulted in a reduction in FEO2 and an increase in FECO2. While breathing through the nose-only, all subjects could attain a work intensity great enough to produce an aerobic training effect (based on heart rate and percentage of VO2 max).</p>","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"27 3","pages":"51-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19579549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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