Sante (Montrouge, France)最新文献

{"title":"[Physicochemical composition of bottled drinking water marketed in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)].","authors":"Issa Touridomon Some,&nbsp;Issouf Banao,&nbsp;Inocent Gouado,&nbsp;Théophile Lincoln Tapsoba","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bottled drinking water marketed in urban areas includes natural mineral water, spring water, and treated drinking water. Their physicochemical qualities depend on the type and quantity of their components and define their safe use. Bottled water is widely consumed in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), and many brand names exist. Although many publications have examined the microbiological qualities of such water, no study has examined the physicochemical quality of water from Burkina Faso. This study, conducted from March 2005 through January 2006, aimed to assess the physicochemical composition of drinking water sold in Ouagadougou to facilitate better choices and use by consumers. Results showed that all the water analyzed in Ouagadougou is soft (TH < 50 ppm) or moderately soft (50 < TH < 200 ppm) and weakly mineralized (total dissolved solid content < 500 mg/L, sulfates [SO(2-)(4)] < 200 mg/L, [Ca(++)] < 150 mg/L, [Mg(2+)] < 50 mg/L, and [HCO(3)-] < 600 mg/l). Some imported water, however, is hard and highly mineralized. French standards do not set limit values for the natural mineral water parameters described above, and much of the water sold in Ouagadougou was natural mineral water. The spring water met potability standards, except for the Montagne d'Arrée brand, which had a pH value of 5.8, below the WHO standards of 6.5 < pH 8.5.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"201-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28727404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ten years of laparoscopy and laparoscopic surgery at the Jeanne Ebori foundation in Libreville (Gabon)].","authors":"J P Ngou Mve Ngou,&nbsp;F K Diallo,&nbsp;P Nzoghe,&nbsp;P Ndong,&nbsp;M Mounanga","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors report their experience with 614 laparoscopies performed from 1 January 1996 through 31 December 2005 at the Jeanne EBORI Foundation. The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of laparoscopy for day-to-day gynaecological treatment in developing countries.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We reviewed all laparoscopies performed during this period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The women's average age was 26.2 years (range: 16-48 years); 68.6% of the procedures were laparoscopic surgery. The main indication for diagnostic laparoscopy was pelvic pain. We performed laparoscopy surgery for ectopic pregnancies and cystectomies (38.9%). The mean operating time was 35 to 50 minutes for diagnostic and 60 to 150 minutes for surgical laparoscopy. Bleeding was the leading complication (1.4%) followed by ruptured cysts (0.7%) and visceral wounds (1.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In view of the public health benefits of this technology, the authors recommend it be acquired in developing countries to improve the therapeutic approach available to their doctors and patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"181-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28732677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Treatment adhesion and factors affecting it at the Kadutu Clinic (Democratic Republic of the Congo)].","authors":"Billy-Paul Kaishusha Mupendwa,&nbsp;Justin-Léonard Kadima Ntokamunda","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overall objective of this work is to determine the degree of adhesion of adult patients with HIV infection or AIDS to their anti retroviral treatment. We sought to identify all of the obstacles that can impair adhesion so that we could propose some methods of optimizing it. This descriptive cross-sectional survey used a standardized questionnaire, completed by a group of 70 patients aged 15 to 49 years (40 women and 30 men) followed for at least two years as the Opportunistic Infections Clinic of Kadutu. We also interviewed the nursing staff to determine the management of these patients. We measured adhesion with the following variables: regularity of appointments, the likelihood of forgetting doses, and the number of doses not taken per year, per week and per month. Despite good adhesion, patients noted the major points that are likely to impair adhesion, that is, fear of side effects, insufficient meals, difficulty of organising life around the treatment routine, forgetfulness, being with others, the large number of drugs to be taken, and emotional condition. Finally, we note that the adhesion to antiretroviral treatments of patients living with HIV at this clinic was supported by Doctors without Borders in Bukavu in the DRC, which provides free drugs throughout their illness, in a favorable psychosocial environment, and supplies some food to help delay death and improve its circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"205-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28781047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Trilateral retinoblastoma in Burkina Faso: three cases].","authors":"Zakari Nikièma,&nbsp;Jean Wenceslas Diallo,&nbsp;Arsène Daboué,&nbsp;Sa Seydou Traoré,&nbsp;Bintou Traoré Zorom,&nbsp;Abel Bamouni,&nbsp;Claudine Lougué Sorgho,&nbsp;Rabiou Cissé","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors describe three cases of trilateral retinoblastoma, a rare syndrome that occurs most often in young children. Two of these children were 3 years old at diagnosis, and the other 4 years old. The retinoblastoma was unilateral in one child and bilateral in the others. All underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging, which made it possible to locate the intraocular tumor lesions, to specify the extent of the tumor and to look for a possible intracranial neoplasm. Unfortunately, the cost of CT is high, which limits its use in our context.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"185-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28750581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Essential medicines and access to primary health care in the medical district of Mambéré-Kadéï].","authors":"Christian Mouala,&nbsp;Jean Abeye,&nbsp;Abel Goumba","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether people in Mambéré-Kadéï have access to essential medicines for primary health care.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in 14 public health care centres of the medical district of Mambéré-Kadéi (Central African Republic).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study assessed the drugs prescribed for 40 randomly selected outpatients consulting in each of 14 randomly selected public health centres from June 1, 2000, through March 30, 2001. The methodology used was adapted from the World Health Organization study protocol (WHO indicators) and the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Accessibility and affordability of key medicines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete data were available for 512 study consultations. A mean of 79.3%( 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 77.5-81.7%) of the 14 essential generic drugs monitored were available in the health centre pharmacies. A median prescription cost 2800 Francs FCA ($4.5), a cost within the ability to pay of 73.2% (CI: 72.8-76.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the population in Mambéré-Kadéï had access to affordable essential medicines. Although availability and accessibility of the generic essential drugs are good in this medical district, the study also showed the need for action to improve access to primary health care for the patients too poor to pay: 26.8% (95% CI: 23.8-28.2).</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"175-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28727403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of toxic waste poisoning in Abidjan].","authors":"Issaka Tiembre,&nbsp;Blaise A Koné,&nbsp;Kouassi Dongo,&nbsp;Marcel Tanner,&nbsp;Jakob Zinsstag,&nbsp;Guéladio Cissé","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>In the nights of 19 to 21 August, 2006, highly toxic waste products were dumped at various sites in Abidjan, and numerous cases of poisoning were reported to the health authorities, who were unprepared for such a problem. The research group on Environment and Health in Urban Environment from the Swiss Center of Scientific Research and its partners at the Swiss Tropical Institute undertook this study whose objectives were to: describe the epidemiologic profile of the people poisoned; identify the main clinical symptoms and the risk factors for poisoning; and recommend steps to attenuate the effects and to prevent intermediate- and long-term consequences.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined the populations living around the discharge sites (n=6). The sample size was calculated at 619 people per site, to identify a 1% risk and a standard error of 0.4%, because of variability of the human impact factor at the different sites. Households were chosen at each site by the transect technique. Six teams, each including a physician, a public health agent and a local guide collected the data, after specific training. A pilot investigation made it possible to validate the final questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4573 people surveyed, 4344 people, about 95%, were home during the toxic waste discharge. In all, 2369 (51.8%) had signs of poisoning. Sex, district of residence, and presence at home at the time of the discharge were all statistically related to poisoning. The distribution of poison victims according to health centre shows that 1297 people (64.4%) visited a health center AA(3/4) 615 of them (about 47.4%) a public or official centre, and 778 (about 60%), an unofficial centre; 379 (29.2%) were managed by an NGO, 159 individuals (12.3%) by mobile units, 63 individuals (4.8%) by the unofficial public health centre, and 35 (2.7%) at an unspecified site. Of those who sought care, 673 people (about 51.8%) received a medical prescription, and 815 (or 62.7%) had been given the drug directly, for free. 94 individuals (about 7.2%) chose their own self-medication, and 74 people (5.7%) a traditional treatment. In all, 34 people, about 2.6% of those who sought care, were hospitalized. Of the subjects who went to a health centre, 1421 (72.8%) had a positive course and 532 (27.7%) an unfavourable course. The latter complained especially of respiratory signs, in particular a cough and thoracic pains (21.8%), digestive signs (diarrhoea and abdominal distension, about 21.5%), and cutaneous (pruritus) and neurological (headaches) signs (20.7%). Overall, 532 people (21.%) still presented signs during the investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the persistence of the symptoms among many of those poisoned more than 4 months afterwards. This phenomenon continues, although the sites have been partially cleaned: the long-term effects on population health remain ","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 4","pages":"189-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28732679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[HIV/AIDS in South Africa and Haiti: the failure of epidemic governance and achievement of the MDGs].","authors":"Fils-Lien Ely Thelot","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since their adoption in 2000 by the United Nations, the Millennium Development Goals set for 2015 appear to have become a part of the policy agenda of all of the member states. Three of these eight objectives deal with health issues. \"Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases\": this is the formulation of the sixth MDG. Observing that in many countries strongly affected by poverty and inequalities, the epidemic continues to spread, without really reversing at all, and that access to antiretrovirals is possible for only a small proportion of the patient who need them, we consider the problems of global governance in the field of health. Our intention is to explain that the failure to deal with the HIV/AIDS epidemic may constitute an obstacle to the achievement of the MDGs by 2015. Proposing a comprehensive sociology of HIV/AIDS, this article pays special attention to the dimension of the meaning of the disease, simultaneously as a policy issue, a social construction, and an object of study in the social sciences. Looking at the two countries most affected by the epidemic in Africa and in the Caribbean, we examine the different aspects that have determined the failure of governance and the effects of this failure on the populations concerned. The excessive conflictuality in South Africa and the biopolitics of \"let them die\" and the fragmentation of the networks involved in the combat in Haiti are considered to have contributed to a crisis in the epidemic's governance. In both cases, the consequences have been expressed by a reduced life expectancy, insufficient access to antiretroviral drugs, reinforcement of the socioeconomic inequalities of health, the production of new pockets of poverty, more fragile household and national economies, an increase in maternal and child mortality ... The failure of the governance of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in countries such as Haiti and South Africa appears to foretell the impossibility of achieving the MDGs by 2015.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 3","pages":"121-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28737889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Teenage pregnancy in Madagascar: impact on the health of mother and child].","authors":"Clotilde Binet,&nbsp;Bénédicte Gastineau,&nbsp;Lina Rakotoson","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In committing itself to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Madagascar committed itself to reducing maternal and infant mortality. Teenagers must be a target for activities to improve maternal and child health, for analyses of survey data show clearly that teenager pregnancies present a risk to the health of both young mothers and their children; in particular, both have a higher risk of death than older mothers and their children. These differences can be explained both by biological factors and socioeconomic variables (place of residence, educational level, etc). The issue of abortion is also important, for it is an important cause of maternal mortality, especially among young girls. Beyond the actions of prevention, post-abortion care could help to reduce the complications of abortions and thus mortality among women.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 3","pages":"159-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28737895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A mid-term review of the Millennium Development Goals: where are we with the goals on health?].","authors":"Miloud Kaddar","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the expressed commitment by world leaders to combat the most obvious forms of social inequality in the world: poverty, illiteracy and disease. The MDGs set health priorities and serve as markers of the most fundamental problems to solve: the maternal and child health high mortality, and the fight against major endemic diseases. Thus, health appears in three of the eight goals, and plays a decisive role in achieving the other MDGs such as the eradication of poverty and hunger, promotion of education and gender equality. While progress has been made in various domains and in numerous countries, enormous gaps and lack of funding remain. This is the case for infant mortality and HIV/AIDS, and even more so in the area of maternal mortality reduction especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The recent proliferation of forums and international partnerships for health have put at the forefront the targeted health-related MDG, increased financial resources for the benefit of poor countries but have made the architecture of global health even more fragmented and complex. Attempts to align on country priorities, needs and national health plans, and also to harmonize donors and partners' actions and funding according to the 2005 Paris Declaration principles, were difficult to actually materialize. The revitalization of primary health care and the strengthening of health systems are now back on the international and national health agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 3","pages":"111-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28737888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Orphans, AIDS, and the Millennium Development Goals: models and capacity to act].","authors":"Larissa Kojoué Kamga","doi":"10.1684/san.2009.0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2009.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of HIV/AIDS on children is considerable. Parental illness and loss affect their children's psychosocial, economic and family well-being, limit the children's access to basic social services and undermining their chances of survival and their future. Although these children, orphaned and vulnerable because of HIV/AIDS, present a true social crisis, they have, since the beginning of the epidemic, been largely left out of the global and national fight against AIDS. The aim of this study is to analyse the achievement of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6 through the support for these children in Africa. Using an inductive comprehensive approach based on the history of the fight against AIDS in three countries Cameroon, Uganda and South Africa, we seek to show that achievement of the MDGs is largely contextual. The weaknesses, deficiencies and policy failures of MDGs should not be treated as mere technical or local issues. They involve political and social questions that are not new. The second approach, from a top-down perspective, helped us to study the State in action. What can we learn about the State's capacity to reach the MDGs by 2015 from the care they currently provide to orphaned and vulnerable children?</p>","PeriodicalId":79375,"journal":{"name":"Sante (Montrouge, France)","volume":"19 3","pages":"134-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/san.2009.0168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28737891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}