Promotion & education最新文献

{"title":"Defying boundaries: globalization, bureaucracy and academic exchange.","authors":"Valéry Ridde","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088090","url":null,"abstract":"experience working in the field. I was accused from the first question of being an academician locked in his Ivory Tower. It is never easy to question acquired knowledge. Although there is a seclusion factor, in my opinion the simile is more a myth, or an urban legend, than reality. Researchers, like myself, who work in global health promotion, only spend a few weeks in our office, which provides some evidence that knowledge and learning are the result of exchange. Nowadays, it is quite the exception to find a health promotion scholar who develops or creates ground-breaking ideas that have not been inspired by the work of others. Once again, for this inspiration to happen there has to be an opportunity to access the learning shared or written by others. This process of exchange is unfortunately unequal, especially between scholars (and practitioners) from high-income countries to those with lower income. For researchers living in these latter countries, once financing their training is resolved (possibly abroad) and they are relocated, no easy task, they are confronted with real hurdles to integrate the scientific globalisation and its characteristic triple component. Organisations are increasingly looking for means to involve and open access to professionals from all over the world. For example, the IUHPE proposes equitable membership fees, which have been determined by the GDP of each country and translate into richer countries paying higher fees that support the possibility of lower fees in poorer countries. However, exchange of scientific knowledge also occurs on the occasion of international conferences. Evidently, the first obstacle is financing the participation at these events of researchers from low-income countries. Conference organisers constantly try to be innovative and contribute to their participation, but their efforts are not yet sufficient. Certain organisations, for instance, invite higher-income country In her famous novel The abyss, Marguerite Yourcenar narrates the errant life of Zenon, an alchemist and doctor, a kind of 16th-century scholar, who “used his wit like a lever that tries to break through the cracks on a confining wall”. Zenon defied the obstacles of travelling in Europe at a time of war, when pioneering ideas about the changes the Enlightenment would bring were not welcome. Despite the risks to his life, he continued to travel coming across substantial bodies of knowledge in philosophy and medicine in the process. The globalisation brought on by the microbial unification of the 15th century world and contemporary forms of globalisation, show that many walls have fallen since Zenon’s time. Nonetheless, the conditions for dialogue and travel are not the same for all, and inequalities continue to hinder scholarly exchange. Globalisation is understood nowadays as the interconnection of a world where we try to move faster (time), look beyond borders (space) and perceive the world as a whole (cognition) (1). This trip","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"3-4, 37-8, 48-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27399030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher education in health promotion in Europe: a comparative analysis of master's level training programmes using HP-Source.net.","authors":"Claudia König,&nbsp;Maurice B Mittelmark","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report summarises opportunities in Europe for master's degree level training in health promotion. Using data available at www.HP-Source.net, 105 study programmes at 71 institutions, spread over 20 European countries, were identified that include health promotion as a main subject. The programmes were analysed along a number of dimensions, including title, learning objectives, curricula, learning and teaching methods, entry requirements, duration, accreditation, language(s) of instruction and participation in European educational structures. The present analysis reveals great diversity along all these dimensions, but also several clusters of programmes that offer quite similar education in health promotion. Of special interest is the range of options available in Europe for length of study, ranging from one to two years, with part-time as well as full-time options.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27400692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How have Global Health Initiatives impacted on health equity?","authors":"Johanna Hanefeld","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines the impact of Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) on health equity, focusing on low- and middle-income countries. It is a summary of a literature review commissioned by the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. GHIs have emerged during the past decade as a mechanism in development assistance for health. The review focuses on three GHIs, the US President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the World Bank's Multi-country AIDS Programme (MAP) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. All three have leveraged significant amounts of funding for their focal diseases - together these three GHIs provide an estimated two-thirds of external resources going to HIV/AIDS. This paper examines their impact on gender equity. An analysis of these Initiatives finds that they have a significant impact on health equity, including gender equity, through their processes of programme formulation and implementation, and through the activities they fund and implement, including through their impact on health systems and human resources. However, GHIs have so far paid insufficient attention to health inequities. While increasingly acknowledging equity, including gender equity, as a concern, Initiatives have so far failed to adequately translate this into programmes that address drivers of health inequity, including gender inequities. The review highlights the comparative advantage of individual GHIs, which point to an increased need for, and continued difficulties in, harmonisation of activities at country level. On the basis of this comparative analysis, key recommendations are made. They include a call for equity-sensitive targets, the collection of gender-disaggregated data, the use of policy-making processes for empowerment, programmes that explicitly address causes of health inequity and impact assessments of interventions' effect on social inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27400688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"['One risk is ok. Are three a sure damage?\" Health education's obstacles in the prevention of multiple risks].","authors":"Patrick Peretti-Watel,&nbsp;Yolande Obadia,&nbsp;Pierre Arwidson,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Moatti","doi":"10.1177/1025382308090385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382308090385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health education can have unexpected effects, sometimes even harmful, in particular when dealing with, on the one hand, multiple risk pathologies and, on the other, one risk factor that is connected to various different pathologies. Certain unexpected effects can be the result of too much information on prevention or when prevention is too focused on one target. In the first scenario, relativity of the information could arise faced with certain health risks or be used against public health objectives. When information is too focused on one target group, it can create discriminatory reactions for the groups at risk, which can translate into denial of the potential risk by those outside of the target group. Other prevention actions can have an unexpected effect, or none at all, because the target behavior is considered functional for the individual. In order to prevent a risk behavior, it is necessary to take into account the threats it is meant to avoid (concurrent risks) and other risk factors meant to attain the same objectives (substitutable risks). In order to understand and avoid different obstacles, people's beliefs and knowledge, which are often rooted in daily behavior and hence difficult to change, must be taken into account. It is also important to situate behavior in context, identifying its function and the concurrent and substitutable risks, which means researching as well the social sciences. In the future, the need for a global health approach will be evident because prevention of risk behaviors increasingly refers to multiple risks in one same pathology as well as concomitant prevention of multiple pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"36, 40-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382308090385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27400693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAGE publications moves Promotion & Education into the 21st century.","authors":"Martha W Perry","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088091","url":null,"abstract":"online version of the journal, not only of this and subsequent issues, but all the issues published since the first one in 1993. SAGE has its own journal platform, SAGE Journals Online, and is partnered with High Wire Press, which hosts the publishing world’s largest repository of journal manuscripts, providing Promotion & Education with unrivalled presence on the publishing landscape. Through a username and password, readers can access the journal’s content and are able to read articles two weeks ahead of printing. In order to raise awareness of Promotion & Education’s upcoming papers and commentaries, there is an Electronic Table of","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"5, 39, 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27399032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nutrition transition in Jordan: the political, economic and food consumption contexts.","authors":"Hala N Madanat,&nbsp;Kelly P Troutman,&nbsp;Bader Al-Madi","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes and analyzes the nutrition transition in Jordan. The nutrition transition is shifting from undernutrition of a population to a diet high in fat, sugar, and refined carbohydrates (overnutrition) and corresponding premature morbidity and mortality from ensuing chronic diseases. The paper reviews and examines secondary data on demographic, epidemiological, economic, social, and dietary changes in the region. Jordan is moving through the nutrition transition at a rapid pace. Demographic, epidemiological, economic, and social changes have been accompanied by changes in diet, food expenditure, and general health. Although mortality rates have dropped significantly, fertility rates still remain high at 3.6 children per woman, especially compared to other countries in the region. Urbanization has increased rapidly from 46% of the population residing in urban areas in 1965 to 75% currently. Declines in real per capita income have created a state in which 27% of families live under the poverty line. Dietary changes in the region, due in part to changes in food availability over the last 40 years, include a general rise in caloric intake (from 2,165 Kcals in 1965 to 3,161 Kcals in 1997) with an increasing percentage of energy supply coming from fats and cereals. Undernutrition and chronic rates of malnutrition are low compared to other developing countries; however, various sources reveal that overweight and obesity are on the rise. Obesity in Jordan tends to be higher among women (16%) than among men (10%), with a much higher prevalence of obesity among uneducated women (50%). In conclusion, overweight and obesity are an emerging problem in Jordan, especially for women. There is a high prevalence of risk factors associated with diet-related non-communicable diseases among both men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27399034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health education's role in framing pornography as a public health issue: local and national strategies with international implications.","authors":"Paul C Perrin,&nbsp;Hala N Madanat,&nbsp;Michael D Barnes,&nbsp;Athena Carolan,&nbsp;Robert B Clark,&nbsp;Natasha Ivins,&nbsp;Steven R Tuttle,&nbsp;Heidi A Vogeler,&nbsp;Patrick N Williams","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pornography is a public health issue. However, since the US Surgeon General's workshop on pornography and public health reached a consensus statement about the impacts of pornography in 1986, few policy actions have been taken to deal with this public health problem, and intense discussion surrounding the regulation of pornography has continued. This debate spans a continuum between individual rights on one extreme and complete restriction of such material for society's good on the other extreme. However, during this same period much research has been done on the impacts of pornography on children and adults. This paper focuses on reviewing the effects of pornography on society including women, children, and consumers, and includes discussion on the current and failed policies aimed at regulating pornography. The growing phenomenon of Internet pornography use is discussed in depth, and specific policy ideas pertaining to Internet pornography are presented from a public health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"11-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27400686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for implementing Health-Promoting Schools in a province in China.","authors":"Carmen Aldinger,&nbsp;Xin-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Qun Liu,&nbsp;Jun-Xiang Guo,&nbsp;Yu Sen Hai,&nbsp;Jack Jones","doi":"10.1177/1025382307088095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1025382307088095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After successful pilot projects in 10 schools (four schools with tobacco control and six schools with nutrition interventions, plus 10 control schools), Health and Education officials in Zhejiang Province, China, decided to scale up Health-Promoting Schools (HPS) systematically over the entire province, starting with an initial cohort of 51 additional schools, reaching from primary to vocational schools. Interviews with school personnel during the first phase of scaling up illuminated the key pre-implementation, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation activities. Pre-implementation activities included choosing an entry point, setting up a special HPS committee, and establishing a work plan. Implementation activities included conducting mobilization meetings, prioritizing health, popularizing the HPS concept, ensuring community cooperation and participation, acting as role models, offering training, and using new teaching and learning methods. Monitoring and evaluation activities included process, baseline, and final evaluations and changing standards of evaluation to a more holistic evaluation that schools go through to become Health-Promoting Schools. Schools also reported that they faced - and overcame - a number of challenges including understanding and integrating the HPS concept and lack of professional development and support. Results revealed that schools transitioned from a passive model of education to interactive pedagogy put priority on health and viewed it as a co-responsibility, reshaped assessment to a more holistic approach and called for more training and technical support. Participants mentioned that they gained knowledge and skills and developed a deeper understanding about health. Health impact was also demonstrated, for instance in reduced injuries and reduced smoking, and educational impact was demonstrated, for instance in improved relationships of children to parents and teachers, improved social qualities, and improved teacher satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"15 1","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1025382307088095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27400691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Déterminer l'avenir de la promotion de la santé : priorités d'action","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10253823070140041501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10253823070140041501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"14 1","pages":"260 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10253823070140041501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65748607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Résumés","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10253823070140041601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10253823070140041601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79366,"journal":{"name":"Promotion & education","volume":"14 1","pages":"264 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10253823070140041601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65748803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}