International journal of fertility and menopausal studies最新文献

{"title":"Prediction and detection of the fertile period: the markers.","authors":"A R Martinez,&nbsp;M J Zinaman,&nbsp;V H Jennings,&nbsp;V M Lamprecht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence and duration of the fertile period in women are strictly related to the time of ovulation. Since the only positive confirmation of ovulation is the identification of an ovum in the female reproductive tract or the subsequent detection of a pregnancy, the prediction and detection of its occurrence have to be based on markers or indicators that lie at varying physiological distances from ovulation itself. These may be variations in hormones and other substances that can be detected in different body fluids or the evidence of their effects on specific target organs. Recent advances in the knowledge of reproductive physiology have allowed the identification of distinct substances and biological phenomena that accompany the occurrence of the fertile period. This article is intended to update and classify the available fertility markers based on their particular nature and modality of expression and, additionally, consider the temporal relationship between the appearance of their specific signals and the time of ovulation. Consequently, those indicators directly related to changes at the ovarian level were defined as direct markers, including ovarian morphology, the reproductive hormones, and the intraovarian regulatory proteins, whereas those reflecting variations observed in different target organs were considered indirect markers, and were further qualified as biochemical, biophysical, and clinical. Subsequently, fertility markers were classified as prospective, immediate, or retrospective, depending on whether they allow the prediction, detection, or confirmation of the ovulatory event, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"139-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18667334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate weight gain increases risk of CHD in middle-aged women.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of a seven-day, transdermal estradiol drug-delivery system: comparison with conjugated estrogens and placebo. The Transdermal Estradiol Patch Study Group.","authors":"S F Gordon,&nbsp;K A Thompson,&nbsp;G E Ruoff,&nbsp;J R Imig,&nbsp;P J Lane,&nbsp;C E Schwenker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new, seven-day, transdermal estradiol system in healthy postmenopausal women with hot flushes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two studies are described. In the first study, subjects were randomized to treatment with a 0.05 mg/day estradiol patch, a 0.1 mg/day estradiol patch, or a placebo patch; and in the second study, to treatment with either of the two estradiol patches or oral conjugated estrogens (as Premarin) 0.625 mg/day. Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of diary entries recording hot-flush frequency and severity. Subjects' and investigators' global assessments of treatment efficacy were recorded at follow-up visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, both the 0.05-mg and 0.1-mg estradiol patches were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing hot flushes and were associated with higher global assessments. In Study 2, all three active treatments produced a significant reduction in the number of hot flushes compared with base-line. There were no statistically significant between-group differences, although the response to the 0.1-mg estradiol patch was greater, and to the 0.05-mg estradiol patch less, than the response to conjugated estrogens. The patches were generally well tolerated. Skin irritation from the patch was the most common adverse experience in both studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new, seven-day, transdermal system effectively and safely treats post-menopausal vasomotor symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"126-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The infertility practice: managed care.","authors":"S R Gocial","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"118-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentoxifylline enhancement of post-thaw motility in cryopreserved semen of spinal cord-injured men.","authors":"T F Kolon,&nbsp;K A Philips,&nbsp;J P Buch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on cryopreserved human semen of spinal cord injured men, in efforts to enhance post-thaw motility.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Semen specimens were collected from: pregnancy-proven donors (n = 10), spinal cord injured (SCI) patients (n = 8), and infertility patients referred for white blood cell (WBC) screening of the semen (n = 18). Following at least 24 hours of freezing in 100% tes and tris-yolk buffer, 0.5-mL semen straws were thawed. Each sample was split into two equal aliquots, one of which was treated with 3.6 mM pentoxifylline. Following incubation, percent motility was recorded manually at 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours post-thaw. Percent original motility preserved (post-thaw motility/original motility X 100%) was calculated for each specimen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences (P < .05) were noted in the SCI and WBC patients when samples with and without pentoxifylline were compared at 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours. No significant difference was noted in the donor population at any time interval, and no difference was seen in any group at 24 hours post-treatment with pentoxifylline. The greatest differential between treatment and control groups was noted at 1 hour in all three populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pentoxifylline enhances post-thaw motility of cryopreserved sperm in male infertility patients from 15 minutes to 2 hours post-treatment. Pentoxifylline appears to be most useful at 1 hour post-treatment in the cryopreserved samples of SCI patients obtained by electroejaculation. It does not appear to have any significant effect on the post-thaw motility of pregnancy- proven donors. Pentoxifylline loses its in vitro efficacy prior to 24 hours post-thaw.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"156-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18667335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of human semen on Percoll gradients: effect on percentage of motile and morphologically normal sperm and proportion of acrosome reacted sperm.","authors":"R Singer,&nbsp;B Fish,&nbsp;H Levinsky,&nbsp;Z Zukerman,&nbsp;M Sagiv,&nbsp;A Cohen,&nbsp;M Barnet,&nbsp;B B Lurie,&nbsp;M Lahav","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine whether sperm motility and morphology correlate with ability to undergo the acrosome reaction in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-one seminal specimens were separated on a discontinuous Percoll gradient (70%, 40%). Percentages of motile and morphologically normal sperm, their motility grade, and percentages of acrosome-reacted sperm before and following acrosome reaction inducing treatment were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentage of motile sperm from normozoospermic specimens increased from whole semen (47.6 +/- 5.6) to sediments (59.6 +/- 13.0). Motility grade exhibited a similar trend (2.1 +/- 0.5 and 3.6 +/- 0.5-scale of 1-4). Percentage of morphologically normal sperm increased from semen (27.3 +/- 10.9) to sediment (53.8 +/- 14.8). All differences were statistically significant, (P < 0.00). In abnormal semen the motility grade and percentage of morphologically normal sperm also increased from semen to sediment (1.9 +/- 0.4 to 3.2 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 7.8 to 37.1 +/- 15.4 respectively, (P < 0.001). Percentages of motile sperm were similar. In normozoospermic sediments, both non-treated or treated to induce the acrosome reaction, proportions of acrosome-reacted sperm were significantly higher than in semen (18.3 +/- 6.9% and 20.0 +/- 6.5% vs. 6.8 +/- 4.2% respectively, P < 0.001). A similar trend was obtained using abnormal aliquots; however, the acrosome-reacted sperm accounted for only 9.0 +/- 5.1% and 10.8 +/- 4.3% versus 5.4 +/- 2.8% (P < 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Morphology and motility of sperm were correlated with the proportion of acrosome-reacted sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"161-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18667336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semen quality and frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption--an explorative study.","authors":"H J Goverde,&nbsp;H S Dekker,&nbsp;H J Janssen,&nbsp;B A Bastiaans,&nbsp;R Rolland,&nbsp;G A Zielhuis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the contribution of smoking and alcohol consumption to semen quality.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University-based fertility clinic.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Smoking and alcohol consumption were investigated in a control group (68) and in a group of 47 subjects with defined poor semen quality (PSQ). The control group was composed of subjects whose semen showed a greater than 60% morphological normality, a greater than 60% motility with a linear progression, and a density of greater than 20 million spermatozoa/mL. The group with PSQ was composed of subjects whose semen showed a less than 30% morphological normality, less than 60% motility, characterized by slow, weak motility, and a density of less than 20 million spermatozoa/mL. Medical dossiers were studied regarding the life style of the subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of heavy smokers and light smokers did not differ statistically between the groups. There appeared to be a higher, but statistically insignificant, proportion of heavy smokers in the PSQ group (50%) compared to the control group (32.3%; P < .1); nor were significant differences found between cases and controls with respect to alcohol consumption pattern. In the PSQ group, a comparison of the semen characteristics of the daily drinkers with those of all the other subfertile patients showed no statistical difference concerning semen volume (4.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.3 mL; P > .1), sperm density (10.6 +/- 7.8 vs. 8.9 +/- 5.8 million spermatozoa/mL; P > or = .1), and percentage of motile spermatozoa (27.0 +/- 15.1 vs. 25.5 +/- 16.1%; P > .1). However, a lower percentage of normal sperm morphology was observed in the daily-drinker group (17.6 +/- 7.2% vs. 23.0 +/- 6.5% for the other subfertile patients; P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption do not seem to play a pivotal role in the etiology of poor semen quality, but a pattern of excessive alcohol consumption may decrease further an already low percentage of sperm with normal morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"135-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar and femoral bone density in perimenopausal women with irregular cycles.","authors":"G Perrone,&nbsp;P Galoppi,&nbsp;O Capri,&nbsp;G Anelli,&nbsp;M Borrello,&nbsp;L Zichella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of irregular cycles on bone mass in perimenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University clinic.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>118 healthy women aged between 45 and 55 years were divided into three groups according to the previous year's menstrual history (premenopause: regular cycles; perimenopause: irregular cycles; early postmenopause: 1-3 years since the last menstrual cycle). Among the perimenopausal group, only women presenting intervals without menstruation longer than 3 months during the year of the study were selected. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and of the proximal femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the start of the study and after 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum estradiol level was significantly lower in postmenopausal women and the FSH serum level showed a significant increase in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal controls. Bone density at L2-L4, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and total femur did not show significant differences at the beginning of the between-group study. Only the density in Ward's triangle was significantly lower in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. After twelve months the densities of L2-L4, greater trochanter, Ward's triangle, and total femur showed a significant decrease in postmenopausal women in comparison. The perimenopausal group showed a significant decrease in total femur and Ward's triangle density in comparison with premenopausal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of marked irregularity of menstrual cycles preceding menopause can influence bone mass, in particular at the femoral site.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"120-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress made toward a diagnostic test for breast and ovarian cancer risk.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 3","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18668385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life during sequential hormone replacement therapy -- a placebo-controlled study.","authors":"R J Derman,&nbsp;M Y Dawood,&nbsp;S Stone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE -- The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of sequential 17 beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate (Trisequens) in the relief of vasomotor symptoms by comparing the quality of life data from questionnaires, number and severity of symptoms, and the dropout rate versus placebo treatment. STUDY DESIGN -- Women 40 to 60 years old, who spontaneously complained of menopausal symptoms, were randomly allocated to four consecutive cycles with Trisequens (n = 40) or placebo (n = 42). Analysis of variance and two-tailed tests (P < .05) for all comparisons were used. RESULTS -- The mean number of pretreatment vasomotor symptoms per day was 7 (1.3 severe) for Trisequens and 6 (1.8 severe) for placebo, whereas posttreatment a reduction to 1.3 (0.1 severe) versus 4.2 (1.8 severe), respectively, was observed. Quality of life scores, utilizing the Kupperman Scale, 3-Factor Green Index, and Beck Depression Inventory all produced statistically significant differences (P = 0.0015, 0.0037, 0.0026, 0.0003, 0.0242, respectively). The dropout rate difference between groups was significant (P = 0.028): 12 from the Trisequens group and 23 from the placebo group. CONCLUSION -- Trisequens significantly improves vasomotor symptoms. Quality of life rating scales provide additional data to support the utility of sequential estrogen/progestin treatment for menopause therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":79342,"journal":{"name":"International journal of fertility and menopausal studies","volume":"40 2","pages":"73-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18604682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}