Annals of Pharmacotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Novel Maintenance Therapies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder.","authors":"Kelly Covert, Shelby Brooks, Jessica E Burchette","doi":"10.1177/10600280251382202","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10600280251382202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) updates and data for novel therapies/interventions.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Articles gathered from MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and PubMed databases. Package inserts for novel agents were utilized. Search terms included chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA), inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA), dupilumab, ensifentrine, icenticaftor, and itepekimab.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data extraction: </strong>English-language primary literature and review articles evaluated. GOLD guidelines from 2001 to 2025 were utilized.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Six meta-analyses and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) favor initial LAMA/LABA combination over monocomponent agents. Three RCTs note increased ICS efficacy with blood eosinophils >300 cells/µL. One meta-analysis and 8 RCTs address vaccinations, specifically RSV and pneumococcal. Novel medications ensifentrine, dupilumab, and icenticaftor each have 2 RCTs in patients with persistent symptoms despite optimized LAMA/LABA and ICS. Itepekimab is in phase 3 studies. The CAPTURE tool has 2 RCTs validating screening patients with unrecognized COPD.</p><p><strong>Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: </strong>Identification of notable changes to optimal COPD management, including LABA/LAMA therapy, judicious ICS use, updated vaccine recommendations, and potential roles for ensifentrine and dupilumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Evidence supports LABA/LAMA with nuanced use of ICS. Several novel therapies are approved or are being studied for patients suboptimally controlled. Pharmacists can assist in medication optimization and access; however, patient-specific factors like exacerbation history, blood eosinophils, and COPD endotype must be considered. Implementing early identification screening tools such as CAPTURE should factor into patient assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"378-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Solutions to the Challenges in Managing Heparin Infusions: Exploring Use of Technology Including Artificial Intelligence and the Role of Anticoagulation Stewardship.","authors":"William E Dager","doi":"10.1177/10600280251397020","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10600280251397020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse events and medication-related errors are common with anticoagulants. Heparin infusions are frequently associated with administration errors or challenges potentially leading to undesired events. Solving these challenges is multi-faceted given related complexities associated with the process, numerous variabilities related to heparin itself, heparin resistance, factors impacting assays to measure the intensity of anticoagulation, ineffective education processes, and limited data even on describing optimal target ranges to hard outcomes of thrombosis and bleeding. To overcome this, health care professionals have looked to technology as a potential solution. Some components of technology, such as smart pumps, and timing lab slips for ordering assays at a selected time to avoid incorrect information, have been means of improving management; however, gaps are still recognized. One component of treatment post a venous thromboembolism is achieving target goals within 24 hours. However, incorrect timing of assay draws related to the bolus and the related changes in order of elimination can work against achieving it unless the situation is understood and adapted during management. Machine learning is being explored to do this; however, it is not yet ready for prime time. Moving forward, clinicians need to stay engaged and be aware of the variables present. This includes an understanding of all assumptions, limitations and verification of what is intended does occur. The process should include validation of hard outcomes with the management approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions of Modafinil and Armodafinil with Concurrent Antiretroviral Therapies: A Case Series.","authors":"Addison B Taylor, Anne M Masich, Patricia Pecora Fulco","doi":"10.1177/10600280251361582","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10600280251361582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"414-417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Continuous Infusions of Furosemide-Albumin Compared With Bumetanide in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sara Hussein, Hala Halawi, Mahmoud Sabawi","doi":"10.1177/10600280261425654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261425654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous loop diuretics are commonly used for management of fluid overload in critically ill patients; however, diuretic resistance remains a challenge. Comparative data on the efficacy of continuous infusions of bumetanide versus furosemide-albumin in patients requiring diuresis are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of continuous bumetanide versus continuous albumin-furosemide infusions on urine output in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, single health-system cohort study conducted in critically ill adult patients who received continuous bumetanide or continuous albumin-furosemide infusions for at least 24 hours. The primary endpoint was cumulative urine output at 24 hours after diuretic initiation. Secondary endpoints included total diuretic dose, net fluid balance, total albumin administered, changes in serum creatinine, and serum albumin at 24 hours following diuretic initiation, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 434 patients included, 173 patients received a continuous bumetanide infusion, and 261 patients received a continuous furosemide-albumin infusion. There was no significant difference in urine output at 24 hours between the bumetanide and furosemide-albumin group (3578 mL [1818-4738] vs 3617 mL [2035-4703]; <i>P</i> = 0.304). However, patients in the bumetanide group received a significantly higher total diuretic dose in intravenous furosemide equivalents (481 mg [295-544] vs 177 mg [109-236]; <i>P</i> < 0.001) with no difference in change in serum creatinine (0.08 mg/dL [-0.19 to 0.34] vs 0.10 mg/dL [-0.07 to 0.21]; <i>P</i> = 0.597). Total albumin dose was higher in the furosemide-albumin group (10.9 g [0-12.5] vs 43.7 g [27.5-58.9]; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>This is the first study to evaluate continuous infusions of bumetanide versus furosemide-albumin in critically ill patients requiring diuresis, observing a comparable urine output between diuretics. Findings indicate that bumetanide may be a reasonable alternative in fluid management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261425654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Etrasimod in Moderate-To-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A GRADE-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Anurag Jha, Nirmal Paudel, Khawaja Arham Jawaid, Muhammad Haad Munir Chaudhry, Zain Ali, Farhan Javaid, Shazia Sharif, Ayesha Asghar, Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Nabeel Saddique","doi":"10.1177/10600280261429462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261429462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Etrasimod is an oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator evaluated for induction and maintenance therapy in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of etrasimod in adults with active UC.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy and safety of etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy in adults with moderately to severely active UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing etrasimod with placebo in adults (≥18 years) with moderately to severely active UC was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov through November 2025. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models; heterogeneity was assessed with <i>I</i>² and χ² statistics. Analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four RCTs, including 1239 patients (etrasimod = 826; placebo = 413) were analyzed. At 12 weeks, etrasimod significantly improved clinical remission (RR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.71-4.98; <i>I</i>² = 57%), clinical response (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.46-2.02; <i>I</i>² = 19%), endoscopic improvement (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.30-2.27; <i>I</i>² = 36%), and mucosal healing (RR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.72-5.62; <i>I</i>² = 54%). Beyond 40 weeks, etrasimod increased clinical remission (RR = 4.28, 95% CI 2.72-6.73; <i>I</i>² = 0%), clinical response (RR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.74-2.78; <i>I</i>² = 0%), endoscopic improvement (RR = 3.51, 95% CI 2.36-5.23; <i>I</i>² = 0%), mucosal healing (RR = 6.93, 95% CI 3.61-13.33; <i>I</i>² = 0%), and steroid-free remission (RR = 4.28, 95% CI 2.72-6.73; <i>I</i>² = 0%). Any treatment-emergent adverse event was slightly higher with etrasimod (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.28; <i>I</i>² = 0%), while serious adverse events (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.39-1.61; <i>I</i>² = 38%) and discontinuations due to adverse events (RR = 2.17, 95% CI 0.54-8.67; <i>I</i>² = 50%) did not differ significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Etrasimod is effective in inducing and maintaining clinical and endoscopic remission in moderate-to-severe UC, with an acceptable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261429462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oral Cephalosporin and Penicillin Step-Down Therapy for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Blood Stream Infections: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Bethany Volkmar, Caitlin C Akerman, Alison I Orvin","doi":"10.1177/10600280261426346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261426346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral step-down therapy for the treatment of gram-negative blood stream infections (GNBSIs) has been shown to be noninferior to full courses of intravenous (IV) therapy. Studies comparing oral fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP), and beta-lactams have reported similar treatment outcomes, but beta-lactam groups have been small, and efficacy has been questioned given lower oral bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral cephalosporins compared with penicillins for step-down therapy for the treatment of GNBSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study in adult patients admitted for Enterobacterales GNBSI that were transitioned from IV antibiotics to an oral beta-lactam. The primary outcome was treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary outcome, microbiological failure, antibiotic-associated adverse drug events (ADEs), and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 280 patients with GNBSI with step-down to an oral penicillin (<i>n</i> = 140) or cephalosporin (<i>n</i> = 140) were included. More patients in the cephalosporin group had a urinary source of infection (87.9% vs 62.1%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and urinary abnormalities (40% vs 28.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.044). Treatment failure with oral cephalosporins was noninferior to penicillins (7.1% vs 7.1%; 95% confidence interval [-6.4, 6.4], <i>P</i> = 0.002). No significant differences were found for microbiological failure, antibiotic-associated ADEs, or CDI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Oral cephalosporins were noninferior to oral penicillins as step-down therapy for Enterobacterales GNBSI. This represents the first comparison of oral beta-lactams for the treatment of GNBSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261426346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variables Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Serious Fluconazole Non-Susceptible <i>Candida Species</i> Infections.","authors":"Chris A Gentry, Cailyn Evans, Sharanjeet Thind, Riley J Williams","doi":"10.1177/10600280261429453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261429453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antifungal resistance among <i>Candida species</i> has become increasingly prevalent in recent years.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to identify independent predictors for poor outcomes associated with serious clinical infections caused by fluconazole non-susceptible <i>Candida</i> sp. across the Veterans Health Administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational, nationwide analysis included adults admitted to any Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) between January 1, 2009, and September 30, 2024, with positive cultures (or rapid diagnostic test) for <i>Candida</i> sp. from otherwise-sterile sites. Multivariate logistic regression assessed associations with the 30-day mortality in patients with these <i>Candida</i> sp. infections, regardless of fluconazole susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eligible cases were found from 1613 patients with 1651 culture episodes from otherwise-sterile sites detecting <i>Candida</i> sp. with available fluconazole susceptibility data. Non-susceptible <i>Candida</i> sp. was discovered in 261 of these episodes. Independent variables associated with 30-day mortality in fluconazole non-susceptible infection included reduced serum bicarbonate, thrombocytopenia, recent exposure to the macrolide/tetracycline/clindamycin antibiotics, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and lack of recent outpatient surgery. In the propensity-matched comparison, 30-day mortality between the 2 groups was not statistically significant: 26.6% for episodes with susceptible fluconazole isolates vs 24.9% for non-susceptible episodes (139/522 vs 65/251; P = 0.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Several host-derived physiological markers and recent exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics were independent variables associated with 30-day mortality in patients with non-susceptible serious <i>Candida</i> sp.</p><p><strong>Infections: </strong>This information may guide clinicians toward strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261429453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elinzanetant: A Novel Approach to Management of Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms.","authors":"Jordan M Rowe, Ian Coffman, Kylie N Barnes","doi":"10.1177/10600280261426643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261426643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the efficacy and safety of elinzanetant for the management of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Literature was identified using PubMed (1966 to January 2026), EMBASE (1973 to January 2026), and clinicaltrials.gov. Search terms included elinzanetant, VMS, and menopause, limiting trials to those published in English.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data extraction: </strong>Articles selected for inclusion included trials evaluating elinzanetant for the treatment of VMS.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Elinzanetant was evaluated for reduction in frequency and severity of moderate-to-severe VMS associated with menopause in 3 phase 3 trials (OASIS 1, 2, and 3) and 1 phase 3 trial in patients receiving endocrine therapy for breast cancer (OASIS 4). All studies showed significant improvements in symptom frequency at week 12 compared to placebo (<i>P</i> < .001). Improvement in sleep disturbances and quality of life was also significant in OASIS 1, 2, and 4. Elinzanetant was well-tolerated, with headache, fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, abdominal pain, and rash reported as the most frequent drug-associated adverse effects.Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs:Elinzanetant is the first dual neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist approved for moderate-to-severe VMS associated with menopause. Elinzanetant offers a nonhormonal treatment option with favorable tolerability, representing a promising alternative for patients who cannot or prefer not to use hormonal therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of elinzanetant provides an additional nonhormonal option for managing moderate-to-severe VMS of menopause in patients for whom hormonal therapy is contraindicated or undesired.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261426643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-Related Malnutrition: The Hospital Pharmacist's Role in Early Detection and Pharmacotherapeutic Optimization.","authors":"Sandra Caíña López, Claudia Barca Díez","doi":"10.1177/10600280261433204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261433204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261433204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Rate Versus Rhythm Control in Patients With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation on 30-Day Outcomes.","authors":"Zackery D Rodriguez, Thomas W Szymanski, Sudarshan Balla, Jordan L Lacoste","doi":"10.1177/10600280261421569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280261421569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and heart failure (HF). Historically, rate control has been the preferred treatment strategy due to fewer adverse drug events, but emerging evidence suggests early rhythm control may offer mortality benefits. Despite this, a critical gap exists in understanding short-term outcomes of rhythm control.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Assess the impact of early rhythm control strategy in patients with new-onset AF on mortality, hospitalizations, or emergency room (ER) visits compared to rate control strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study of patients at least 18 years of age diagnosed with new-onset AF cared for in a large United States healthcare system. Patients with identifiable triggers were excluded. The primary outcome was rates of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, or ER visit for AF, atrial flutter (AFL), or HF at 30 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred sixty-three patients were included, 278 in the rate control group and 185 in the rhythm control group. The median follow-up duration across groups was 654.5 days. At 30 days post-diagnosis, the rate control group experienced a higher rate of the primary outcome (19.8% vs. 11.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.027). Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that rhythm control was associated with a reduced risk of experiencing the secondary outcome (HR 0.759, 95% CI [0.582, 0.984], <i>P</i> = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>In patients with new-onset AF, early rhythm control was associated with a lower incidence of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, or ER visits. These findings underscore the importance of rhythm control in optimizing early AF management and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7933,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"10600280261421569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}