Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology最新文献_第2页

Roasting, smoking and dieting in response to birth: Malay confinement in cross-cultural perspective 烘焙、吸烟和节食对生育的反应:跨文化视角下的马来人禁闭

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90025-9

Lenore Manderson

引用次数: 76

Aspects of clinical practice and traditional organization of indigenous healers in South Africa 临床实践和传统组织方面的土著治疗师在南非

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90061-2

Harriet Ngubane

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引用次数: 37

The creation of medical knowledge: Some problems in interpretation 医学知识的创造:解释中的一些问题

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90063-6

Allan Young

引用次数: 49

Healing and cultural transformation: The Tswana of Southern Africa [1] 治愈与文化转型:南非的茨瓦纳人[1]

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90062-4

Jean Comaroff

{"title":"Healing and cultural transformation: The Tswana of Southern Africa [1]","authors":"Jean Comaroff","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90062-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90062-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This essay calls into doubt the quest for ‘theoretical closure’ in the study of African systems of healing. The notion of ‘theoretical closure’ may be understood in two ways, one empirically derived and the other epistemological. The first is based on the assumption that ‘medical systems’ form a natural and discrete empirical domain, a view ultimately grounded in arbitrary or ethnocentric analytical criteria. The second sees such medical systems as parts of ahistorical and closed social systems. Both serve to render medical anthropology parochial in relation to the mainstream discipline and unable to seize the potential offered by the study of healing to illuminate important general problems, such as the articulation of thought and action, of individual experience and cultural form, and of structural order and historical process.</p><p>The study of healing in societies which have relatively recently been incorporated into world systems raises the urgent need to devise models which permit the examination of socio-cultural orders in time how they are both reproduced and transformed. This can no longer legitimately be viewed as the ‘opening’ of ‘closed’ systems: rather, it requires understanding how the dynamic processes of particular small-scale societies engage with encompassing politico-economic forces. Healing is crucially bound up with this, for its knowledge and practice give form to key conceptions and values in all cultures, and play upon the identity of physical and social being. The context of affliction is an important locus both for the reinforcement and the reformulation of socio-cultural categories.</p><p>The case of the Tswana of Southern Africa is employed to suggest how a focus upon healing systems in time is entailed in the study of wider processes of perpetuation and change. It is the interrelationship of these processes in particular socio-cultural and temporal contexts which is the key to understanding both systems of healing and systems in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 367-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90062-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17237497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

Causality and classification in African medicine and health. 非洲医药卫生的因果关系和分类。

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01

引用次数: 0

I. Introduction 我的介绍。

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90042-9

John M. Janzen, Gwyn Prins

引用次数: 4

The importance of knowing about not knowing 知道不知道的重要性

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90064-8

Murray Last

{"title":"The importance of knowing about not knowing","authors":"Murray Last","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90064-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90064-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within a pluralist medical culture, there is (from the doctors' point of view) a hierarchy of medical systems, differing in their wealth or power and in the degree of their systematisation. In the case studied, traditional medicine is at the bottom of the hierarchy and is so un-systematised as scarcely to constitute a system, though it nourishes nonetheless. The lack of system is seen in the disunity of traditional doctors, in their lack of a single consistent theory and in the wide variation in meaning in the medical terminology in daily use. Because traditional medicine is not itself a system, the claim of Islamic and European medicine to be systems of universal validity is popularly denied; they are simply tacked on (along with their ‘new’ diseases) to the existing kaleidoscope of medical ideas. Patients, then, unlike doctors, recognise only a single, wide-ranging corpus of illnesses for which all the different healers between them should possess the cures. The patient is not interested in knowing the cures or the ideas; nor are doctors necessarily interested in all the causes. Indeed what is striking is how little either patient or doctor needs (or wants) to know. Consequently, in analysing the popular culture, the notion of ‘alternative systems’ is largely irrelevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 387-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90064-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18327372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Cold or spirits? Choice and ambiguity in Morocco's pluralistic medical system 冷饮还是烈酒?摩洛哥多元医疗体系中的选择与歧义

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90049-1

Bernard Greenwood

{"title":"Cold or spirits? Choice and ambiguity in Morocco's pluralistic medical system","authors":"Bernard Greenwood","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90049-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90049-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two medical traditions which make up Arabic medical science remain as separate but complementary elements of Morocco's present pluralistic system. Prophetic medicine is concerned with spirit aetiologies, and Galenic humoral medicine with environmental factors. At their interface, an ambiguous group of illnesses refers to either system for their explanation and treatment, and analysis of their ambiguity demonstrates a profound syncretism between the systems around the concept of illness from contamination by cold or spirits. The illnesses are mostly chronic organic impairment of the senses, locomotion and fertility for which there is little effective treatment, and the Moroccan response to them, by drawing explicit symbols from two areas of shared experience—environmental cold as a pathogenic agent of the ecological domain, and spirit encounter as a feature of the neurotic domain—into the implicit understanding of their symptoms and signs, relates the private experience of organic illness to shared social categories in a way that may have value from the biomedical viewpoint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 219-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90049-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17237494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Alternative therapeutic systems in belize: A semiotic framework 伯利兹的替代治疗系统:符号学框架

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90056-9

Kathryn V. Staiano

{"title":"Alternative therapeutic systems in belize: A semiotic framework","authors":"Kathryn V. Staiano","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90056-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90056-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first part of this paper presents data on the socio-medical system of an ethnically heterogeneous society collected during 16 months of fieldwork. Special attention is given to the Black Caribs (or Garifuna). The focus is on the possible functions of alternative therapeutic systems. The second half of the paper provides a semiotic framework for the analysis of illness episodes. It is concluded that the sign of disorder in this context has no single interpretant. Rather, there exist a variety of interpretants from which the therapist and patient may select. There are constraints on this process, but the process is enhanced where the patient (and the social group) are free to negotiate a ‘diagnosis’. Negotiation implies selecting from among a variety of potential meanings: it implies a dialogue in which one goal is an interpretation which is acceptable in cultural terms and which leads to a therapy which is perceived as ‘appropriate’. Negotiation may also mean the realignment of signs into new ‘syndromes’ which indicate different etiologies or therapies. The existence of alternative therapeutic systems facilitates this process by providing access to new codes governing interpretation. The confrontation with biomedicine and its largely intractable codes may require that the ensuing interpretation incorporate, account for, or partially assimilate the ‘diagnosis’ or interpretation of biomedical personnel. Nevertheless, a single sign may have multiple referents, each consistent with one of the various interpretations imposed by multiple therapeutic systems. These referents may exist simultaneously without inherent contradiction. But to achieve such a consensus may require the development of new models based on an articulation but not an identification of two or more codes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 317-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90056-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17237496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Kutambuwa ugonjuwa: Concepts of illness and transformation among the Tabwa of Zaire 扎伊尔塔布瓦人的疾病观念和转变

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90055-7

Christopher Davis-Roberts

引用次数: 16