Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology最新文献

Editorial comment 社论评论

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90018-1

P.J.M. McEwan

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and cure: The resort to traditional and modern medical practitioners in the North Solomons, Papua New Guinea 诊断和治疗:巴布亚新几内亚北所罗门群岛的传统和现代医疗从业者

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90023-5

Michael P. Hamnett, John Connell

{"title":"Diagnosis and cure: The resort to traditional and modern medical practitioners in the North Solomons, Papua New Guinea","authors":"Michael P. Hamnett, John Connell","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90023-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90023-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis is made of medical beliefs and practices in two Melanesian societies, both on Bougainville island. Sorcery and supernatural sanctions remain important as causes of illness and hence forms of social control in the absence of superordinate political authority. Distinctions between symptoms and illness are often ambiguous and throughout Melanesia this provides some flexibility in classification, diagnosis and cure. Among both groups described in this paper, most illnesses are described as either ‘illness without cause’, which is rarely serious and never attributed to sorcery or the actions of spirits, or ‘illness of the settlement’ which is more serious. Some serious illnesses which respond to modern medicine may now be classified as ‘illness without cause’. ‘Illness of the settlement’ may be caused by sorcery or spirits, which may follow breaches of social norms. Attributions to sorcery are of growing significance, especially in Siwai which is more firmly incorporated into a wider society and economy. There are a variety of traditional medical practitioners with both physical and spiritual skills and ‘traditional’ cures are constantly changing. Since the war. European medicine and practitioners have supplemented traditional practitioners to produce, especially in Siwai, a dual hierarchy of alternatives. This modern system has only slightly affected local beliefs about illness. Because modern medical practices are viewed by both groups as means for treating symptoms, the two systems enable a flexibility and diverisity of response, encouraging complementarity rather than competitiveness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 489-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90023-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

The educational value of participatory evaluation of primary health care programmes: An experience with four indigenous populations in Ecuador 初级保健方案参与性评价的教育价值:厄瓜多尔四个土著居民的经验

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90027-2

A. Kroeger, H.P. Franken

引用次数: 7

Non-use of physicians: Methodological approaches, policy implications, and the utility of decision models 不使用医生:方法方法、政策含义和决策模型的效用

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90024-7

James C. Young✠

引用次数: 50

Intestinal parasitism in seminomadic pastoralists and subsistence farmers in and around irrigation schemes in the Awash Valley, Ethiopia, with special emphasis on ecological and cultural associations 埃塞俄比亚阿瓦什河谷灌溉计划及其周围半游牧牧民和自给农民的肠道寄生虫病，特别强调生态和文化关联

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90020-X

Helmut Kloos, Giuseppe Desole, Aklilu Lemma

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引用次数: 22

Methods used in induced abortion in Bangladesh: An anthropological perspective 在孟加拉国人工流产中使用的方法:人类学视角

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90022-3

Profulla C. Sarker

引用次数: 8

Publications received 出版物收到

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90028-4

引用次数: 0

‘Tonic’, ‘fuel’ and ‘food’: Social and symbolic aspects of the long-term use of psychotropic drugs “滋补品”、“燃料”和“食物”:长期使用精神药物的社会和象征方面

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90026-0

Cecil G. Helman

引用次数: 84

Disease classification in rural Ghana: Framework and implications for health behaviour 加纳农村疾病分类:框架及其对健康行为的影响

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90021-1

Gabriel B. Fosu

{"title":"Disease classification in rural Ghana: Framework and implications for health behaviour","authors":"Gabriel B. Fosu","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90021-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90021-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prime concern of this paper is twofold: to investigate how the people of Berekuso, a rural community in Ghana, classify diseases; and to examine the extent to which this classification affects the utilization of existing health care facilities. Previous research on this topic has been conducted by identifying beliefs and behaviour at the same point in time, thus confounding beliefs with behaviour. In this study, however, a two-phase interview survey of a systematic sample of households was adopted. It was found that the basis of the disease classification system is what is believed to be the cause or source of a disease. This is because the diagnosis of the cause of a disease is the most important aspect of therapy. Using the cause as the main distinguishing factor, diseases are classified into three main types—diseases which are believed to be caused by natural agents, those which are believed to be caused by supernatural agents, and those whose causes embrace both natural and supernatural agents. This classification counters some previous assertions that Africans, and preliterate people generally, classify diseases only in supernatural terms. The study revealed that the way diseases are classified affects utilization behaviour. In this regard, the knowledge of the cause of a disease allowed a fairly accurate prediction of what health care facility would be used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90021-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 96

Ripe and unripe: Concepts of health and sickness in ayurvedic medicine 成熟和未成熟:阿育吠陀医学中健康和疾病的概念

Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology Pub Date : 1981-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90019-3

Daniel C. Tabor

{"title":"Ripe and unripe: Concepts of health and sickness in ayurvedic medicine","authors":"Daniel C. Tabor","doi":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0160-7987(81)90019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper deals with the concepts of ‘ripe’ and ‘unripe’ in Ayurvedic medicine. These concepts express the notions of health and sickness; and I examine the ways in which they were interpreted and applied by Ayurvedic practitioners in S. Gujarat. The concepts of ‘ripe’ and ‘unripe’ describe the state of the food-juice, though they also apply to the relative maturity of the stools and the condition of the tongue. I show how these concepts are derived from the classical sources, particularly the <em>Caraka Samhita.</em> though I suggest that the emphasis they receive today may in part be due to later Ayurvedic texts. The present practice of Ayurveda has also been influenced by the impact of cosmopolitan medicine, and I consider how the interpretation of the Ayurvedic theories has been affected by Western anatomy and physiology, particularly in the account of digestion, and the role of ‘unripe’ food-juice in causing disease.</p><p>On the basis of first-hand experience in an Ayurvedic hospital I describe some of the different approaches that were used to rid the body of ‘unripe’ food-juice, depending on the severity of the symptoms. I illustrate this part of the paper with a schematic account of the treatment of ‘heart disease’. I thereby hope to demonstrate how the conceptual physiology of <span><math><mtext>A</mtext></math></span>yurveda has been combined with Western anatomy. I also show how the properties of some plant drugs (as described in the Ayurvedic sources) were interpreted, and I examine some of the contexts in which these drugs were used. Among the Vaidyas I knew the concepts of ‘ripe’ and ‘unripe’ were interpreted in terms of the vernacular classification of ‘perfect’ and ‘imperfect’ foods. I discuss this analogy in some detail, and consider the different levels at which it was applied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79261,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Part B, Medical anthropology","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 439-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0160-7987(81)90019-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27