Ecology of disease最新文献

{"title":"Do cooking fuels pose a risk for lung cancer? A case-control study of women in Hong Kong.","authors":"L C Koo,&nbsp;N Lee,&nbsp;J H Ho","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two hundred female lung cancer patients and 200 female district controls in Hong Kong were interviewed about their previous use of various types of cooking fuels to assess whether any association could be found with lung cancer risk. Mixed results were found when the data were analyzed in terms of ever-exposed vs never-exposed duration, and relationship with smoking. Cases were found to have slightly more exposure to kerosene, whereas controls were likely to have used the cleaner, but more expensive, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) type of fuel. Because the evidence was conflicting if evaluated in terms of consistency, strength, specificity, and coherence of the associations, it was concluded that the small differences in exposure levels between the cases and controls probably reflected their socio-economic circumstances rather than risk for lung cancer. No interaction effect was found between kerosene exposure and smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"255-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17735694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air concentration of asbestos fibres, dust content and mortality: the case of Asbestos, Quebec.","authors":"B Singh,&nbsp;J P Thouez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambient air concentrations of asbestos fibres were measured during the period 20 June to 12 August, 1980 at three locations; Danville, Asbestos and Wottenville in the eastern townships of Quebec. Measurements were made with low-volume samplers and measurement periods ranged from 3 to 13 days. Fibre counts were made by means of electron microscopy. Our results indicate that overall fibre concentrations are related to atmospheric stability and to the direction of the prevailing wind with respect to the source of emission. Fibre concentrations are then related to total dust content of the ambient air for the town of Asbestos. Spatial variations of mortality are in turn related to the variations in the concentration of ambient air dust particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"343-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DBCP pesticide in drinking water wells in Fresno and other communities in the central valley of California.","authors":"H Kloos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial and temporal patterns of DBCP contamination of well water in eastern Fresno County were studied for the period 1979-1983. Associations were found between DBCP levels and land use, hydrological and geological variables and type of well. Large seasonal, monthly and daily fluctuations in DBCP concentrations appear to be due to well use patterns and time of sampling. These findings indicate that use of a formal sampling plan is essential for reliable monitoring of this and other pesticides in well water. Suggestions are made for improvements in the DBCP monitoring program in California.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"353-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of dental caries.","authors":"P Leous","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries is a disease which affects all peoples of the world. However, different nations have a different range of problems related to the severity and prevalence of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"285-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17735619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal-spatial-social parameters in the spread of contagious disease.","authors":"J J Angulo,&nbsp;C K Takiguti,&nbsp;M E Sakuma,&nbsp;E M Kimura,&nbsp;S P Curti,&nbsp;C A Pederneiras","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A conceptual theoretical model was built on the basis of prominent concepts of the generally accepted knowledge on the spread of contagious disease. Subsequently, the model was applied to a real epidemic of variola minor (the mild form of smallpox) and four phases of the epidemic were disclosed. The phases discriminated themselves through their relationships to invasion of certain city subdivisions and rural districts and particularly, through the type of social units involved and the type of persons introducing the disease into these units. Introduction of variola minor into day schools with further spread in classes passed across a threshold which led to a boosting of the number of households affected and of the area involved in the epidemic. The phase of maximal spread corresponded to this operation of day schools as diffusion agencies. The temporal-spatial-social correspondence suggests that phases of the epidemic did occur as a result of periodic variation of the mechanism of spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"369-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outline to the investigation of an environmental exposure.","authors":"M S Kanarek,&nbsp;M S Gottlieb","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is ever increasing concern whether potentially toxic environmental conditions are adversely impacting the health of the human population at risk of exposure. Traditional methods of epidemiology and other health related research disciplines have the reverse orientation, as they start with the occurrence of an epidemic, or a certain rate of disease in the population, and then seek the causes of that disease incidence. Traditional study designs offer much in the methods of disease/epidemic investigation, but less is available in the methods of exposure investigation. An introductory outline is offered here detailing the nature of the steps to be taken and their rationale in consideration of the health consequences of an environmental exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"409-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobiology of schools and public institutions--part of a study.","authors":"S Gravesen,&nbsp;L Larsen,&nbsp;P Skov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of the indoor climate in relation to the health of persons has mainly been connected with the physico-chemical properties of the environment. Complaints from patients concerning eye, nose and throat problems, hoarseness, headache and fatigue are common, especially in schools and other public institutions with heavy traffic and badly cleaned or water damaged wall-to-wall carpets. The significance of specific allergenic components in dust such as mites, mould, animal dander and pollen is well-known. However, the influence of a dirt-factor or a moisture-factor in the carpets or from ventilation systems leading to accumulation, liberation and inhalation of dust and micro-organisms, on allergic and non-allergic persons has, until recently, been neglected. To obtain knowledge on this influence, a systematical registration of the biological factors based on consecutive investigation has started. Results from registration of airborne micro-organisms show a tendency towards a larger amount of micro-organisms measured 1 m above carpets than above bare floors.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"411-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wind-tunnel study of the flow of air pollution in Armadale, central Scotland.","authors":"F A Gailey,&nbsp;O L Lloyd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wind-tunnel experiment was performed to clarify the effect of local topography on the distribution of air pollution from a steel foundry in Armadale, central Scotland, under various conditions of air flow. The findings indicated that two areas, one directly to the southwest of the foundry and the other in the north of the town, were liable to receive pollution more frequently than had been expected. These observations were used to interpret the results of earlier investigations which had demonstrated relatively high concentrations of metal pollutants in areas of the town which also had surprisingly high mortality from lung cancer during previous years.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"419-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17736318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and social aspects of disease.","authors":"W M Russell,&nbsp;C Russell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are important interactions between disease and organic evolution, between disease and cultural evolution, and between all three. Social behaviour influences disease and is influenced by it. Disease and disease mortality are woven into the complex of behavioural and physiological reactions to the stresses of overpopulation, which act to reduce population size. These principles are illustrated with reference to a number of diseases, including vitamin D imbalance, phenylketonuria, lactose intolerance, malaria, sickle cell anaemia, favism, plague, yellow fever, syphilis, ergot poisoning, kuru, and the sweating sickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 2","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17744422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filarial diseases in Ceylon: a geographic and historical analysis.","authors":"U Schweinfurth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical records concerning filarial diseases in Ceylon date from the account of Davy[1], though there are hints as to the more obvious manifestations in the old chronicles of the country, too. A first survey was conducted in 1912/1913 concentrating on urban areas, followed by a second survey in the 1930s with emphasis on the rural parts. The results displayed a remarkable distribution pattern: Wuchereria bancrofti, the so-called \"urban type\", concentrated in Galle and Matara towns, whereas Brugia malayi, the \"rural type\", widespread along the southwest coast from Matara to Negombo, plus isolated pockets in the northwest, central north, east and south. The survey of the 1930s lead to the supposition that the occurrence of B. malayi must have something to do with the distribution of certain water plants, a suspicion later on confirmed in that Pistia stratiotes in particular--but other water plants as well--are essential for the survival of the vector (Taeniorhynchus (Mansonia) uniformis) during its early (submersed) stages of development. A determined effort to remove the water plants from tanks etc. reduced the rural type with encouraging results. At the same time, a combination of factors, in particular the war-time sojourn of masses of troops from Africa, already infected by filarial diseases, in the southwestern coastal areas triggered off an unexpected spread of the urban type out of its early \"bridge-heads\" in Galle and Matara towns to invade the southwest coastal areas, and, later on, supported by increased population mobility, to advance further inland too. At present, there is no remedy within sight to give some hope to come to grips with this problem as the vector, Culex pipiens fatigans, is ubiquitous and finds suitable breeding grounds practically everywhere. Research into the history of filarial diseases in Ceylon points as far as B. malayi is concerned, to an invasion by a Malayan army under the Kalinga kings during the days of close relations between Ceylon and southeast Asia, i.e. during the 12th and 13th centuries, and as far as W. bancrofti is concerned, a Chinese army, invading the southern coast in the early 15th century, is made responsible. Filarial diseases in Ceylon present a particular interesting case of geomedical research; but inspite of encouraging results in fighting the rural type, i.e. B. malayi, the urban type, W. bancrofti, seems to remain a problem of public health in the island for the forseeable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":79218,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of disease","volume":"2 4","pages":"309-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17218213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}