Zoonoses research最新文献

{"title":"Novel Clinical and Genomic Signatures of the 2022 Monkeypox Virus","authors":"Meng-Xu Sun, Xingyao Huang, C. Qin","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"The monkeypox outbreaks started in 2022 and became an unexpected public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The factors that drove this neglected zoonosis in Africa into a global focus is largely unknown. Combined clinical, epidemiologic, and phylogenomic analyses indicate that substantial genome mutations, deletions, and rearrangement contributed to the sudden outbreak and unusual features in transmission and outcomes. Because no vaccine or antiviral drug is available in China, we call for immediate action and collaboration in response to the new monkeypox crisis.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-seq Analysis of the BCG Vaccine in a Humanized Mouse Model","authors":"Jie Wang, J. Mi, Yan Liang, Xueqiong Wu, Jun‐xian Zhang, Yinping Liu, Lan Wang, Y. Xue, Yingchang Shi, W. Gong, Xinru Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study was aimed at screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and exploring the potential immune mechanism induced by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in a humanized mouse model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candidate DEGs between mice vaccinated with BCG or injected with PBS were identified through transcriptomics, and their biological functions, signaling pathways, and protein interaction networks were analyzed through bioinformatics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 1035 DEGs were identified by transcriptomics: 398 up-regulated and 637 down-regulated. GO analysis indicated that these DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion, oxygen transport, receptor complex, carbohydrate binding, serine-type endopeptidase activity, and peroxidase activity terms. KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway, axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that the Myc, Vegfa, and Itgb3 proteins had the highest aggregation degree, aggregation coefficient, and connectivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The BCG vaccine induced 1035 DEGs in humanized mice. Among them, the differentially expressed down-regulated genes myc and itgb3 involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may play essential roles in the immune mechanism of the BCG vaccine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82196835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-typhoidal Salmonella from Retail Foods Collected in 2020 in China","authors":"Yujie Hu, Chenxiu Zhang, Jing Zhang, Hongyuan Zhang, Yang Xiao, Shuangjia Dong, Yingyang Song, Y. Dong, Yao Bai, Fengqin Li","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of human salmonellosis globally. Food animals are major NTS reservoirs. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne NTS has led to clinical treatment failures. Here, to examine the prevalence and perform characterization of foodborne NTS with AMR in China, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,256 NTS isolates cultured from retail foods in 2020 in China. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 26 antimicrobial agents representing 12 classes was evaluated with the broth-microdilution method; the presence of ten mcr genes was screened with multi-PCR. The complete closed genomes of mcr-gene-carrying isolates were generated by hybrid assembly through whole genome sequencing on both the PacBio and Illumina platforms. Genomic features and genetic environments of the mcr-1 gene were analysed. The overall drug resistance rate was 92.28%, and the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate was 76.53%. A total of 341 AMR profiles were determined, and resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (63.38%). Among 887 NTS isolates with MDR, 232 showed co-resistance to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, and 25 were resistant to ten classes of antimicrobial agents. The resistance of NTS isolated from different regions varied. Isolates from raw chicken sources most frequently showed resistance. Four NTS carried the mcr-1 gene and represented four different serotypes. Four mcr-1 gene-bearing plasmids from the four Salmonella isolates were classified into two replicon types (IncI2 and IncHI2A). Two mcr-1 genes in IncI2 type plasmids were found to be located between a PAP2 family protein-encoding gene and a relaxase-encoding gene, whereas the other two mcr-1 gene structures in IncHI2A type plasmids showed variations in the presence of insertion sequences. Our data demonstrated severe AMR among foodborne NTS isolated from food in China, thus highlighting the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance to decrease the spread of AMR, particularly to critical drugs in human medicine.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74998829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Stool Samples by FTA Card-based Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification","authors":"Fumin Chen, Junyu Wang, Weiguang Li, Yuqian Zhang, Leshan Xiu, Qinqin Hu, Zhengshang Ruan, Ping Chen, Kun Yin","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) can induce severe diseases in animals and humans that result in significant public health problems. Therefore, the development of rapid and visual detection methods to diagnose E. coli O157:H7 infections and monitor its prevalence is critical for the prevention and control purposes. A colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was utilized to detect E. coli O157:H7. A DNA extraction kit and Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards were used to extract nucleic acid in conjunction with colorimetric LAMP detection. The method developed effectively distinguished E. coli O157:H7 from other pathogens with a detection limit of 25 CFU/mL in spiked stool samples. In addition, the nucleic acid of these samples was easily extracted and transported with an FTA card at room temperature. The entire detection process was completed within 35 min using simple constant-temperature equipment. The colorimetric LAMP method with FTA card-based nucleic acid purification was shown to rapidly detect E. coli O157:H7 with sensitivity and specificity. This visual method is expected to be widely used to control E. coli O157:H7 infections, particularly in resource-limited settings.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72838061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic Features of Human Rabies in China from 2015-2021","authors":"Na Zhang, Chengqian Song, X. Tao, Wu Zhu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to enhance the current understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics, laboratory diagnostic levels, and changes in pathogenic populations of rabies in China by studying the status of the human rabies epidemic in China from 2015-2021 and provide useful information for guiding rabies disease prevention and control strategies. We analyzed the incidence, distribution, and laboratory testing of human rabies in mainland China using statutory surveillance data from 2015-2021. Based on a literature review, the study summarizes the recent updates of the rabies virus population in each province based on previous monitoring. A total of 3032 rabies cases were reported in China from 2015-2021, with a year-after-year decrease in the total number of cases. Most of the cases (75.19%) were distributed in Hunan, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Sichuan, with 13 counties (districts) reporting > 50 cases in 7 years. The number of reported counties (districts) decreased from 512 in 2015 to 116 in 2021. Farmers accounted for most of the cases (73%), and the highest proportion of cases (54.62%) occurred in individuals 50-75 years of age. No changes in endemic populations were detected in China. The laboratory diagnosis rate of cases increased from 4.74% in 2015 to 22.93% in 2021. The rabies epidemic in China decreased steadily from 2015-2021, with a marked contraction in the geographic scope. In the future it will be necessary to continue to carry out large-scale dog immunization and strengthen the surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of rabies.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72698987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in June 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Shuqiong Zhang, Xin Fu, Shiping He, Jiazhen Zou, Yi Luo, Guodan Li, Qi Xiang, Taihan Li, D. Gu, Qun Su, Minjing He, Wenjin Yu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1007","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are a class of diseases caused by various pathogens that can be transmitted between humans and animals or between humans and animals, thus seriously affecting the development of human society. To control the spread of infectious diseases worldwide and ensure the safety of people’s lives, it is essential to regularly analyze global infectious disease cases. This review is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control in countries around the world, Outbreak News Today and many other epidemiological websites to predict the global infectious disease outbreak trend. In addition, using the Shuci Technology global epidemic information monitoring system, we analyzed the distribution of infectious diseases that occurred around the world from 24 May 2023 to 23 June 2023.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Enteric Parasites among Pastoralists, Cattle, and Soil in the Upper Benue Trough of Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Sani Njobdi, O. Akogun, M. Ja’afaru","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0051","url":null,"abstract":"The occupation, lifestyle, and lack of formal education among pastoralists place them at higher risk of zoonoses. Moreover, zoonoses among pastoralists and their livestock in the Upper Benue Trough in northeastern Nigeria has not been studied holistically. Therefore, we investigated zoonotic enteric parasite (ZEP) infections by Entamoba spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, Fasciola spp., Taenia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. among this group. Demographic information and faecal samples were collected from humans and cattle in 12 pastoral communities along the trough using a cross-sectional, observational study design. Soil samples were also collected from homes. Specimens were examined microscopically for ZEPs and the data were analysed. The prevalence of ZEPs was 40.3% among humans, 48.2% among cattle, and 74.6% in home soil. The prevalence of ZEP infections among humans did not differ significantly with respect to gender and husbandry practices, but did differ significantly with respect to age and clan. There was a strong correlation (R=0.750) between ZEP prevalence in humans, cattle, and soil across study communities. The correlation between the distribution of ZEPs in different sample categories across communities strongly suggests that zoonotic transmission of ZEP is ongoing in the study area. Adopting an integrated approach to intervention will potentially be more effective in disease control. Further investigation, continuous monitoring, and surveillance are recommended to forestall enteric infection outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73479302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia in Ticks from Guangdong Province of Southern China","authors":"Li Zhang, Zhengkai Wei, Li Ding, Jiaming Hou, Jianhui Zhang, Bo Zhang, Jun Ma, Mingxin Song, QUAN LIU","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Tick-borne pathogens have become emerging global health threats in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia in ticks in southern China. Ticks were collected from animals and identified to the species level. Tick-borne Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia were tested by PCR assays, and analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetics. We collected 747 ticks, including Rhipicephalus microplus (n=225) and R. sanguineus (n=522), from pet dogs in Guangdong Province of southern China. Using PCR and phylogenetic analysis we showed that these ticks carried Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia vogeli, and an unclassified Ehrlichia species in Rhipicephalus ticks. Of these pathogens, B. miyamotoi was first found in southern China. A. platys, E. canis, and B. miyamotoi were zoonotic pathogens that infected both R. microplus and R. sanguineus, whereas Ba. vogeli only infected R. sanguineus, with a prevalence of 0.3%-1.5%. The results of this study showed diversity and complexity of tick-borne pathogens in Guangdong Province of southern China, implying the importance of tick-borne pathogen surveillance and control.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79502192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the Process and Characterizing Symptoms of Suckling Mouse Inoculation Promote Isolating Viruses from Ticks","authors":"Shuang Tang, Sijing Hu, Jian Xiao, Yan-fang Zhang, Zhèngyuān Sū, Qiaoli Wu, Juan Yang, Xijia Liu, Zhong Zhang, Qiong Zhu, Junming Shi, Abilimiti Moming, Yali Deng, Z. Fan, R. Guo, Sùróng Sūn, Yujiang Zhang, S. Shěn, Fei Deng","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Suckling mouse inoculation is an important method that has been used for years to isolate viruses from ticks; however, this method has usually been briefly described in the literature on a case-by-case basis upon successful isolation rather than providing extensive details. This study describes the procedure from preparation of tick homogenates to identification of virus isolation using the suckling mouse inoculation method. The transient and persistent features were characterized and the incidence of manifestations that developed in the suckling mice, especially in mice from which viruses were isolated, is reported. We identified 22 symptoms that developed in mice, including 13 transient symptoms that recovered by the end of the observation period and 7 persistent symptoms that the mice suffered from throughout the observation period. Persistent symptoms (lateral positioning and dead) and transient symptoms (malaise, emaciation, and difficulty turning over) were the main symptoms based on the high overall incidence. Moreover, we showed that mice from which viruses were isolated had a concentrated period and advanced days of disease onset. This study provides detailed information necessary for better use of suckling mouse inoculation to isolate viruses from ticks, which may benefit optimization of this method to identify, discover, and acquire tick-borne viruses.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85573089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genetic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Food in China: A New Challenge for Food Safety","authors":"W. Wang, Hui Li, Changwei Wang, Fengqin Li, Y. Dong, Jing Xiao","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiles, and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in China. Two hundred seventy-six RTE food-associated S. aureus isolates were collected from 25 provinces across China in 2018, then characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence factors detecting, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, SCCmec typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two hundred fifty isolates (90.6%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent; 73 (26.4%) isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Thirty MRSA isolates were identified, among which nine toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, seh, selk, sell, selq, and tsst-1) were detected. Sixty percent (18/30) of the MRSA isolates harbored multiple toxin genes. Four virulence gene patterns were identified, with seb-selk-selq (30/30) being the most common pattern. Thirteen sequence types, as well as 13 spa and 4 SCCmec types were found among 30 MRSA isolates. The most prevalent MRSA lineages were CC59-t437-SCCmecIV/V (23.3% [7/30]), CC398-t011-SCCmecV (23.3% [7/30]), and CC1-t114-SCCmecIV (16.7% [5/30]). Our findings highlight the importance for the identification of prevalent clones, assessment of drug-resistance and virulence, and formulation of food safety measures for public health.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77969771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}