Zoonoses research最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic Analysis of the Mode of Action and Mode of Resistance for Novobiocin in Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Weile Xie, Dan Luo, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) are critical pathogens identified by the WHO for their significant drug resistance. Targeting of bacterial gyrase, specifically the gyrB subunit, is a promising approach because of this enzyme’s essential role in bacterial DNA replication and its absence in higher eukaryotes. However, understanding of the mode of action of gyrB inhibitors remains largely incomplete. This study explored the resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) to novobiocin, a gyrB inhibitor. Methods: Through adaptive laboratory evolution, key resistance mutations (in gyrB, potB, and fpgS) in S. aureus were identified after repeated exposure to novobiocin. Further metabolomic analysis revealed the function of the major mutation (in gyrB) in relation to the potential mechanism through which S. aureus responds to novobiocin. Results: Through whole genome sequencing, three mutations of S. aureus in gyrB, potB, and fpgS were identified. The gyrB mutation was the primary driver of resistance, and was associated with changes in growth, survival under surface and oxidative stress, cell wall permeability, and coagulation functions. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated compensatory metabolic adjustments affecting protein synthesis and DNA replication in the resistant strain. Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the complex resistance mechanisms of S. aureus to novobiocin and highlight the metabolic costs associated with gyrB mutations, thereby potentially informing future antibacterial strategy development.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/1ec5ce2c-4c2d-421e-b412-55bbb103bb04/ScienceOpen/Zoonoses20240035.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunicamycin and β-Lactams with Five Membered Ring Structures Have Stronger Synergistic Effects Against Gram-Positive Bacteria","authors":"Xueyangyang Bai, Jinjing Xue, Fei He, Xiaotong Yang, Houru Liu, Kuan Gu, Qianghua Lv, Yonglin Zhou","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is increasing among gram-positive bacteria, particularly the resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β-lactam antibiotics. Methods: Checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, time-killing assays, enzyme inhibition assays, hemolysis tests, and cytotoxicity analyses were performed to confirm the synergistic effects of tunicamycin (TUN) in combination with β-lactam antibiotics at levels without potential cytotoxicity. Results: TUN at ≤ 1 μg/mL decreased the MICs of cephalosporins or penicillins against MRSA strain USA300, which became sensitive. TUN showed synergistic effects with cefuroxime sodium (FIC index ≤ 0.19) against tested gram-positive bacterial strains of both human clinical and animal origin. Time-killing assays indicated that the combination treatment eliminated MRSA 3–9 h after inoculation. Furthermore, we confirmed the better synergy of specific β-lactam antibiotics at potentially cytotoxicity-free concentrations in combination with TUN against β-lactam-resistant gram-positive microorganisms. Conclusion: This study provides an experimental basis for combination treatment with TUN and β-lactam antibiotics with specific chemical structures for the clinical treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/1feaa1f1-2b43-4d7e-bfb7-c8998a044fd1/ScienceOpen/Zoonoses20250024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intra-Host Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 After Neutralizing Antibody Therapy, Revealed by Nanopore Sequencing","authors":"Hongxiang Zeng, Wenhong Zu, Haiyan Wang, Jing Yuan, Lin Cheng, Gang Xu, Yi-Gan Huang, Yang Liu, Shuye Zhang, Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In the context of two Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks involving local transmission and an international flight, we used meta-transcriptome and multi-amplicon sequencing to successfully acquire the complete viral genome sequences from clinical samples with varying viral loads. Methods: To enhance viral transcript presence, we used a primer pool for reverse transcription and sequenced the samples with nanopore sequencing, and successfully acquired the entire genomic sequence of the virus within less than 4 hours. In a substantial sample size of approximately 800 clinical specimens, we thoroughly examined and compared different sequencing methods. Results: Meta-transcriptome sequencing was effective for samples with viral reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) threshold cycle (Ct) values below 22, whereas multi-amplicon sequencing was effective across a wide Ct range. Additionally, enriched nanopore sequencing was valuable in capturing the complete genome sequence when rapid results are required. Conclusion: Through monitoring the viral quasi-species in individual patients, we observed ongoing viral evolution during neutralizing antibody therapy and found evidence that vaccine administration may affect the development of viral quasi-species. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of this viral sequencing strategy for both outbreak control and patient treatment.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/4d0bf6a1-352e-43c1-9ecd-b31cf0fe8840/ScienceOpen/Zoonoses20230032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in April 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Yufan Wu, Jiazhen Zou, Yinfu Sun, Qi Xiang, Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Dongliang Liu, Guodan Li, Taihan Li, Yi Luo, Qun Su, Shiping He, Wenjin Yu, D. Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1005","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of years have passed since infectious diseases first endangered human health as the most potentially lethal and debilitating diseases worldwide. The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased significantly over the past decades, such as COVID-19, cholera, dengue, and influenza. Key elements in combating and controlling diseases include monitoring and reporting infectious disease timelines and geographic distribution. We obtained surveillance data from Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System and comprehensively analyzed the timing and location of outbreaks in infected populations from 24 March 2023 to 23 April 2023. Recent worldwide outbreaks of infectious diseases highlight the need to implement effective monitoring strategies and warning systems.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and the Control and Prevention of Cystic Echinococcosis in China: What is Known from Current Research","authors":"Ying Wang, Jing Zhang, Xu Wang, Haroon Ahmed, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"As a zoonotic parasitic disease, echinococcosis is a severe global public health issue caused by the larvae of Echinococcus spp. Not only does echinococcosis threaten human health, but echinococcosis also causes enormous economic losses. China ranks first in the range of echinococcosis endemic areas, the number of infected patients, and the number of threatened populations worldwide, hence the most severe echinococcosis epidemic currently exists in China. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is the most important form of echinococcosis. Accounting for nearly 80% of all echinococcosis cases, CE is the most important cause of the echinococcosis disease burden. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of CE and is considered a multi-genotype complex. The different genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. exhibit differences in morphology, transmission route, and epidemic characteristics. The corresponding clinical characteristics, clinical treatment, and vaccine responses also differ between the genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. During the past two decades, China has implemented echinococcosis control and prevention programs in endemic areas with impressive results. Specifically, the prevalence of echinococcosis has decreased. With such extraordinary achievements, precise control and prevention of the genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. have never been more important. Nevertheless, insufficient attention has been devoted to molecular epidemiology in the current control programs, and the lack of genotype data from humans and animal hosts exacerbates the situation. Hence, based on the ongoing control and surveillance programs, collecting additional molecular epidemiologic data and geographic information from humans and animals, as well as monitoring the clinical manifestations and drug and vaccine responses of the different genotypes, are invaluable for establishing a molecular epidemiologic database, which in turn can enhance the precise control and prevention of echinococcosis.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77065175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of Host Phospholipase D during Aspergillus fumigatus Infection in Mice","authors":"Fangyan Chen, Xiaoyu Liu, Rui Zhao, Jingya Zhao, Dingchen Li, Li Han","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Aspergillus fumigatus infection in the lungs is accompanied by the recruitment of innate immune cells, phagocytosis, and the release of inflammatory factors. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a key regulator of cell migration and phagocytosis, but the effect of PLD deficiency on antifungal infection in animals is unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PLD on the host immune response to A. fumigatus infection under either immunocompetent or immunosuppressed status.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mouse model was created using a modified protocol with immunosuppression by steroids. For collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice, the lungs were washed eight times with 0.5 ml of PBS. Total cell counts in BALF were determined using a Coulter Counter. The content of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes in BALF was examined by flow cytometry and analyzed by FlowJo V10 software. Multiplex immunoassays were used to determine the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in BALF.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In immunocompetent mice, alveolar macrophages were the major cell population in BALF after A. fumigatus infection, and a number of neutrophils and monocytes were recruited in the alveoli. Loss of both pld1 and pld2 genes did not affect the content of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, or monocytes in BALF. Under immunosuppression induced by hydrocortisone acetate, pld1-/-pld2-/-\u0000 mice showed higher mortality after A. fumigatus infection and had a higher fungal burden and much lower number of prominent focal areas of dense inflammatory infiltrates in lung tissue than wild type mice. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-12p40 significantly decreased, and IL-10 markedly increased, in BALF from pld1\u0000-/-\u0000pld2\u0000-/- mice after infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings revealed that, during A. fumigatus infection, deficiency in both pld1 and pld2 in mice was not conducive to the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue but promoted the release of IL-10 and blocked the release of IL-12, thereby increasing fungal burden and mortality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83549100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas- and Aptamer-based Systems for Diagnosing Pathogens: A Review","authors":"Helin Yu, Wenwen Jing, Xunjia Cheng","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic infections cause severe clinical illnesses in humans and animals. Increased encounters between humans and animals and constant environmental changes exacerbate the transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases. Recently, the World Health Organization has declared some zoonotic epidemics as public health emergencies of international concern. Hence, rapid and accurate detection of the causative pathogen is particularly essential in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Traditional pathogen detection tools are time-consuming, costly, and require skilled personnel, which greatly hinder the development of rapid diagnostic tests, particularly in resource-constrained regions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-)-Cas- and aptamer-based platforms have replaced traditional pathogen detection methods. Herein we review two novel next-generation core pathogen detection platforms that are utilized for clinical and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms: CRISPR-Cas-based systems, including dCas9, Cas12a/b, Cas13, and Cas14; and aptamer-based biosensor detection tools. We highlight CRISPR-Cas- and aptamer-based techniques and compare the strengths and weaknesses. CRISPR-Cas-based tools require cumbersome procedures, such as nucleic acid amplification and extraction, while aptamer-based tools require improved sensitivity. We review the combination of CRISPR-Cas- and aptamer-based techniques as a promising approach to overcome these deficiencies. Finally, we discuss Cas14-based tools as functionally stronger platforms for the detection of non-nucleic acid targets.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85919753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild Infections with Multiple Spotted Fever Grouped Rickettsia Species among Forest Rangers with Tick Bites","authors":"Yong-Xiang Wu, Wen-Jun Liang, Fang Tang, Lan-Fen Jiang, Chen-Tao Guo, Fei-xiang Fu, Hao Li, Wei Liu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Tick-borne rickettsiae are increasingly recognized to cause human infections; however, a complete clinical spectrum is lacking. Thus, surveillance study was conducted among forest rangers with tick bites to describe the clinical manifestations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000One hundred fifty-nine blood samples were obtained from individuals bitten by ticks and 780 tick samples collected in the same endemic region were examined for the presence of Rickettsia. Serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against R. heilongjiangensis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty-five (15.7%) individuals were shown to be infected with 5 Rickettsia species, including 14 Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae (CRT), 8 R. raoultii, 1 R. felis, 1 R. heilongjiangensis, and 1 R. massiliae. Five individuals (1 CRT, 1 R. heilongjiangensis, and 3 R. raoultii) had mild illnesses; the other 20 individuals were asymptomatic. CRT was present in 38.4% (274/713) of I. persulcatus and 6.4% (3/47) of Hae. concinna. R. raoultii was demonstrated in 30.0% (6/20) of D. silvarum and 14.9% (7/17) of Hae. concinna. R. heilongjiangensis was detected in 9.5% (2/21) of D. silvarum and 0.3% (2/713) of I. persulcatus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The clinical manifestations of these rickettsioses were non-specific and differed from traditional features, thus supporting the necessity of wider investigations involving individuals with tick bites to develop an early differential diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-circulation, Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus, Where Will it Go?","authors":"Shuai Wang, Dayan Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has led to unprecedented public health challenges and may become a long-term problem for humans. Influenza, an important infectious disease that causes seasonal influenza, and can potentially reach pandemic status, has led to concerns regarding co-circulation with COVID-19. On the basis of surveillance data for COVID-19 and influenza reported to the WHO in the past 3 years, both infections did not peak together. The co-infection rate (0.7%) for COVID-19 and influenza was relatively low. However, the co-infection rate was significantly higher among people with relatively low immunity and severe symptoms, and co-infection might increase the proportion of severe illness and mortality. Awareness of co-infection is important, and timely evaluation of the risk of co-circulation and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus will be critical in upcoming influenza seasons. Measures should be taken to prevent co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, including maximizing uptake of the influenza vaccination and early use of anti-influenza drugs, particularly in groups at high risk of both diseases. Furthermore, prevention and control strategies should include not only SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, but also other respiratory diseases, to better prevent the co-occurrence of multiple diseases.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73153866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purified Immunoglobulin F(ab′)2 Protects Mice and Rhesus Monkeys against Lethal Ricin Intoxication","authors":"Jingjing Tian, Cong Li, Bochang Shi, Hui Han, Yuanzhan Liu, Lingyun Tan, Keyu Wang, Fang Yan, Wei He, Bo Li, Naxin Zheng, Huabin Li, Xinyu Li, Chongyu Tian, Yuanqiang Zheng, Zhongpeng Zhao, R. Fan","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ricin is a highly toxic ribosome-inactivating lectin derived from castor beans. To date, no antidote is available to treat ricin-poisoned patients, and the development of a safe and effective antidote is urgently needed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000First, ricin was prepared and used to construct a mouse model and a rhesus monkey model of ricin intoxication. Second, pepsin-digested F(ab′)2 fragments of serum IgG from horses injected with Freund’s-adjuvanted purified ricin were prepared. Third, the protective efficacy was evaluated in mouse and rhesus monkey models of lethal ricin intoxication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purity quotient of the prepared ricin and F(ab′)2 fragments exceeded 90% and 85% in the mouse and monkey models, respectively. The LD50 of ricin in mice and rhesus monkeys was 2.7 and 9 μg/kg, respectively. A quantity of 6.25 and 1.85 mg/kg F(ab′)2 was sufficient to treat lethal ricin intoxication in the mice and rhesus monkeys, respectively. Finally, the effect of this therapeutic antibody on peripheral blood immune cells was examined by analysis of peripheral blood immune cells through single cell sequencing. The underlying mechanism was found to involve restraining neutrophil activation, proliferation, and differentiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Purified F(ab′)2 fragments administered with needle-free devices fully protect mice and rhesus monkeys against lethal doses of ricin intoxication.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83120518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}