Zoonoses research最新文献

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in April 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Yufan Wu, Jiazhen Zou, Yinfu Sun, Qi Xiang, Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Dongliang Liu, Guodan Li, Taihan Li, Yi Luo, Qun Su, Shiping He, Wenjin Yu, D. Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1005","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of years have passed since infectious diseases first endangered human health as the most potentially lethal and debilitating diseases worldwide. The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased significantly over the past decades, such as COVID-19, cholera, dengue, and influenza. Key elements in combating and controlling diseases include monitoring and reporting infectious disease timelines and geographic distribution. We obtained surveillance data from Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System and comprehensively analyzed the timing and location of outbreaks in infected populations from 24 March 2023 to 23 April 2023. Recent worldwide outbreaks of infectious diseases highlight the need to implement effective monitoring strategies and warning systems.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and the Control and Prevention of Cystic Echinococcosis in China: What is Known from Current Research","authors":"Ying Wang, Jing Zhang, Xu Wang, Haroon Ahmed, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"As a zoonotic parasitic disease, echinococcosis is a severe global public health issue caused by the larvae of Echinococcus spp. Not only does echinococcosis threaten human health, but echinococcosis also causes enormous economic losses. China ranks first in the range of echinococcosis endemic areas, the number of infected patients, and the number of threatened populations worldwide, hence the most severe echinococcosis epidemic currently exists in China. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is the most important form of echinococcosis. Accounting for nearly 80% of all echinococcosis cases, CE is the most important cause of the echinococcosis disease burden. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of CE and is considered a multi-genotype complex. The different genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. exhibit differences in morphology, transmission route, and epidemic characteristics. The corresponding clinical characteristics, clinical treatment, and vaccine responses also differ between the genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. During the past two decades, China has implemented echinococcosis control and prevention programs in endemic areas with impressive results. Specifically, the prevalence of echinococcosis has decreased. With such extraordinary achievements, precise control and prevention of the genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. have never been more important. Nevertheless, insufficient attention has been devoted to molecular epidemiology in the current control programs, and the lack of genotype data from humans and animal hosts exacerbates the situation. Hence, based on the ongoing control and surveillance programs, collecting additional molecular epidemiologic data and geographic information from humans and animals, as well as monitoring the clinical manifestations and drug and vaccine responses of the different genotypes, are invaluable for establishing a molecular epidemiologic database, which in turn can enhance the precise control and prevention of echinococcosis.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77065175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of Host Phospholipase D during Aspergillus fumigatus Infection in Mice","authors":"Fangyan Chen, Xiaoyu Liu, Rui Zhao, Jingya Zhao, Dingchen Li, Li Han","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Aspergillus fumigatus infection in the lungs is accompanied by the recruitment of innate immune cells, phagocytosis, and the release of inflammatory factors. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a key regulator of cell migration and phagocytosis, but the effect of PLD deficiency on antifungal infection in animals is unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PLD on the host immune response to A. fumigatus infection under either immunocompetent or immunosuppressed status.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mouse model was created using a modified protocol with immunosuppression by steroids. For collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice, the lungs were washed eight times with 0.5 ml of PBS. Total cell counts in BALF were determined using a Coulter Counter. The content of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes in BALF was examined by flow cytometry and analyzed by FlowJo V10 software. Multiplex immunoassays were used to determine the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in BALF.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In immunocompetent mice, alveolar macrophages were the major cell population in BALF after A. fumigatus infection, and a number of neutrophils and monocytes were recruited in the alveoli. Loss of both pld1 and pld2 genes did not affect the content of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, or monocytes in BALF. Under immunosuppression induced by hydrocortisone acetate, pld1-/-pld2-/-\u0000 mice showed higher mortality after A. fumigatus infection and had a higher fungal burden and much lower number of prominent focal areas of dense inflammatory infiltrates in lung tissue than wild type mice. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-12p40 significantly decreased, and IL-10 markedly increased, in BALF from pld1\u0000-/-\u0000pld2\u0000-/- mice after infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings revealed that, during A. fumigatus infection, deficiency in both pld1 and pld2 in mice was not conducive to the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue but promoted the release of IL-10 and blocked the release of IL-12, thereby increasing fungal burden and mortality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83549100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas- and Aptamer-based Systems for Diagnosing Pathogens: A Review","authors":"Helin Yu, Wenwen Jing, Xunjia Cheng","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic infections cause severe clinical illnesses in humans and animals. Increased encounters between humans and animals and constant environmental changes exacerbate the transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases. Recently, the World Health Organization has declared some zoonotic epidemics as public health emergencies of international concern. Hence, rapid and accurate detection of the causative pathogen is particularly essential in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Traditional pathogen detection tools are time-consuming, costly, and require skilled personnel, which greatly hinder the development of rapid diagnostic tests, particularly in resource-constrained regions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-)-Cas- and aptamer-based platforms have replaced traditional pathogen detection methods. Herein we review two novel next-generation core pathogen detection platforms that are utilized for clinical and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms: CRISPR-Cas-based systems, including dCas9, Cas12a/b, Cas13, and Cas14; and aptamer-based biosensor detection tools. We highlight CRISPR-Cas- and aptamer-based techniques and compare the strengths and weaknesses. CRISPR-Cas-based tools require cumbersome procedures, such as nucleic acid amplification and extraction, while aptamer-based tools require improved sensitivity. We review the combination of CRISPR-Cas- and aptamer-based techniques as a promising approach to overcome these deficiencies. Finally, we discuss Cas14-based tools as functionally stronger platforms for the detection of non-nucleic acid targets.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85919753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild Infections with Multiple Spotted Fever Grouped Rickettsia Species among Forest Rangers with Tick Bites","authors":"Yong-Xiang Wu, Wen-Jun Liang, Fang Tang, Lan-Fen Jiang, Chen-Tao Guo, Fei-xiang Fu, Hao Li, Wei Liu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Tick-borne rickettsiae are increasingly recognized to cause human infections; however, a complete clinical spectrum is lacking. Thus, surveillance study was conducted among forest rangers with tick bites to describe the clinical manifestations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000One hundred fifty-nine blood samples were obtained from individuals bitten by ticks and 780 tick samples collected in the same endemic region were examined for the presence of Rickettsia. Serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against R. heilongjiangensis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty-five (15.7%) individuals were shown to be infected with 5 Rickettsia species, including 14 Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae (CRT), 8 R. raoultii, 1 R. felis, 1 R. heilongjiangensis, and 1 R. massiliae. Five individuals (1 CRT, 1 R. heilongjiangensis, and 3 R. raoultii) had mild illnesses; the other 20 individuals were asymptomatic. CRT was present in 38.4% (274/713) of I. persulcatus and 6.4% (3/47) of Hae. concinna. R. raoultii was demonstrated in 30.0% (6/20) of D. silvarum and 14.9% (7/17) of Hae. concinna. R. heilongjiangensis was detected in 9.5% (2/21) of D. silvarum and 0.3% (2/713) of I. persulcatus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The clinical manifestations of these rickettsioses were non-specific and differed from traditional features, thus supporting the necessity of wider investigations involving individuals with tick bites to develop an early differential diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-circulation, Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus, Where Will it Go?","authors":"Shuai Wang, Dayan Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has led to unprecedented public health challenges and may become a long-term problem for humans. Influenza, an important infectious disease that causes seasonal influenza, and can potentially reach pandemic status, has led to concerns regarding co-circulation with COVID-19. On the basis of surveillance data for COVID-19 and influenza reported to the WHO in the past 3 years, both infections did not peak together. The co-infection rate (0.7%) for COVID-19 and influenza was relatively low. However, the co-infection rate was significantly higher among people with relatively low immunity and severe symptoms, and co-infection might increase the proportion of severe illness and mortality. Awareness of co-infection is important, and timely evaluation of the risk of co-circulation and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus will be critical in upcoming influenza seasons. Measures should be taken to prevent co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, including maximizing uptake of the influenza vaccination and early use of anti-influenza drugs, particularly in groups at high risk of both diseases. Furthermore, prevention and control strategies should include not only SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, but also other respiratory diseases, to better prevent the co-occurrence of multiple diseases.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73153866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purified Immunoglobulin F(ab′)2 Protects Mice and Rhesus Monkeys against Lethal Ricin Intoxication","authors":"Jingjing Tian, Cong Li, Bochang Shi, Hui Han, Yuanzhan Liu, Lingyun Tan, Keyu Wang, Fang Yan, Wei He, Bo Li, Naxin Zheng, Huabin Li, Xinyu Li, Chongyu Tian, Yuanqiang Zheng, Zhongpeng Zhao, R. Fan","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ricin is a highly toxic ribosome-inactivating lectin derived from castor beans. To date, no antidote is available to treat ricin-poisoned patients, and the development of a safe and effective antidote is urgently needed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000First, ricin was prepared and used to construct a mouse model and a rhesus monkey model of ricin intoxication. Second, pepsin-digested F(ab′)2 fragments of serum IgG from horses injected with Freund’s-adjuvanted purified ricin were prepared. Third, the protective efficacy was evaluated in mouse and rhesus monkey models of lethal ricin intoxication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purity quotient of the prepared ricin and F(ab′)2 fragments exceeded 90% and 85% in the mouse and monkey models, respectively. The LD50 of ricin in mice and rhesus monkeys was 2.7 and 9 μg/kg, respectively. A quantity of 6.25 and 1.85 mg/kg F(ab′)2 was sufficient to treat lethal ricin intoxication in the mice and rhesus monkeys, respectively. Finally, the effect of this therapeutic antibody on peripheral blood immune cells was examined by analysis of peripheral blood immune cells through single cell sequencing. The underlying mechanism was found to involve restraining neutrophil activation, proliferation, and differentiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Purified F(ab′)2 fragments administered with needle-free devices fully protect mice and rhesus monkeys against lethal doses of ricin intoxication.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83120518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in March 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Taihan Li, Yi Luo, Jiazhen Zou, Yufan Wu, Yinfu Sun, Qi Xiang, Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Dongliang Liu, Guodan Li, Wenjin Yu, Qun Su, D. Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1004","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases pose a major burden on public health and economic stability among societies worldwide. For centuries, they have been among the leading causes of death and disability, and are currently presenting growing challenges to health security and human progress. This report focuses on global outbreaks of infectious diseases, relying on Shusi Tech’s Global Epidemic Information Monitoring System to systematically summarize outbreak timing and location in infected populations from February 24, 2023, to March 23, 2023. Therefore, surveillance of infectious diseases on a continental scale is important to assess, recognize and protect against the risks that these diseases may pose to animal, domestic animal and human health on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78517731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Circulating Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea in Egyptian Kids and Calves: A Review","authors":"Ahmed. H. Ghonaim, Mai G. Hopo, Noha H. Ghonaim, Yunbo Jiang, Qigai He, Wentao Li","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) induced by rotavirus has been a major disease burden in Egypt since 1981 when rotavirus was first reported in humans and calves. Genome segmentation facilitates the emergence of new virus serotypes, which allows reassortment during mixed infections, and is a characteristic feature of the family Reoviridae to which rotavirus belongs. The rotavirus genome involves 11 double-stranded RNA gene segments encoding 6 non-structural (NSP1–6) and 6 structural (VP1–4, VP6, VP7) proteins. Rotavirus A has a zoonotic potential associated with diarrhea. The primary strategy for prevention and control of bovine and human rotavirus infections is vaccination; however, routine rotavirus vaccination has not been implemented in the National Immunization Program. We evaluated studies published over the last 30 years that pertained to the epidemiology of circulating rotavirus genotypes among children, calves, and environmental samples in Egypt. The analysis revealed a rotavirus prevalence of 15%–100%, with diarrhea occurring throughout the year, but generally peaking during the cold months. G1 was the predominant genotype in children, followed by G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12 throughout the study duration. Mixed infections were also detected. G6 was the predominant genotype in calves, followed by G10. There are still gaps in knowledge regarding molecular data of rotavirus infections in humans, animals, and environmental samples in Egypt, as well as the zoonotic potential of rotavirus disease. Therefore, it is critical to continue rotavirus surveillance in Egypt to further understand the epidemiology of rotavirus infections and the emerging new genotypes.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in February 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Dongliang Liu, Guodan Li, Qun Su, Yi Luo, Taihan Li, Yufan Wu, Jiazhen Zou, Yinfu Sun, Qi Xiang, Shiping He, Wenjin Yu, D. Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1002","url":null,"abstract":"Public health security in human societies is placed under enormous strain by infectious disease epidemics. According to the WHO, COVID-19 and Mpox remain on the list of PHEICs, whereas cholera, dengue, and other contagious diseases remain endemic in several countries and regions. Data on prevalent infectious diseases have been collected worldwide in recent weeks, and may provide new ideas for international collaboration in public health.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81266487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}