Zoonoses research最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Oral Fluid in Pathogenic Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infection","authors":"H. Qi, Sun Jingyi, D. Mei, Wang Jinxiang, Huang Yanfei, Yuan Xiali, Dong Jianping, Liu Fangyao, Zou Lin, Xie Hui, Huang Fang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oral fluid (OF) is a new safe, non-invasive, convenient, and efficient biological sample that can be used for virus nucleic acid and antibody detection. Because few studies have performed surveillance of multiple respiratory pathogens, this study sought to explore the application value of OF in this field.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000OF and throat swabs were collected from December 2020 to December 2021 in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing. Multiplex real-time PCR was performed, and the detection performance of two samples was compared.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 769 OF and throat swab samples were collected. The detection rates of respiratory pathogens in throat swabs and OF were 29.26% (225/769) and 20.81% (160/769), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the OF assay, compared with the throat swab assay, were 71.11% (160/225) and 100% (544/544), respectively. The two assays had excellent agreement (kappa = 0.78). The detection consistency varied among pathogens. For OF samples, the most common pathogen was the influenza B virus, and the highest detection rate was in the ≤5-year-old group. The highest positivity rate was observed in December 2021.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000OF samples have excellent potential for the epidemiological surveillance of respiratory pathogens, and may have application prospects in preventing and controlling infectious diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77503994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in January 2023: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Qun Su, Dongliang Liu, Guodan Li, Qi Xiang, Yinfu Sun, Yi Luo, Taihan Li, Yufan Wu, Jiazhen Zou, Shiping He, Wenjin Yu, D. Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1001","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health and the economic stability of societies worldwide. To prevent outbreaks, monitoring the growth trends of infectious diseases appears to be particularly important and necessary. Herein, data from epidemiological websites, such as the World Health Organization and National Health Council are used to illustrate the outbreak trends for infectious diseases worldwide. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global resurgence in other infectious diseases has been observed, particularly influenza in the United States. Proper surveillance and effective strategies are urgently required to keep emerging infectious diseases under control.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90386039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trypanosoma brucei Lipophosphoglycan Activates Host Immune Responses via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP Kinase and NF-κB Pathways","authors":"Kai Zhang, Ning Jiang, Naiwen Zhang, Liying Yu, Xiaoyu Sang, Ying-kun Feng, Ran Chen, Qijun Chen","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study was aimed at investigating the immunoregulatory effects of trypanosomal lipophosphoglycan (LPG) anchored to trypanosome membranes, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutrophil cytokine release after parasite infection. The interaction of cell surface TLR receptors with LPG, which signals cellular responses during Trypanosma brucei infection, was systematically investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The cytokine expression profile in neutrophils after exposure to T. brucei LPG, and the involvement of TLR2, TLR4, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB in NET formation were studied with molecular immunological approaches including quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000T. brucei-derived LPG induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB, thereby stimulating neutrophil secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. The blockade of Toll-like receptor 2/4 and specific inhibitors of MyD88, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB decreased cytokine release and the phosphorylation of both kinases. Furthermore, the exposure of neutrophils containing LPG to IL-1β and LPG-induced cell supernatants promoted the release of NETs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings suggest that T. brucei LPG activates neutrophil IL-1β secretion via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways, thereby promoting the formation of LPG-stimulated NETs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89616900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Equine Immunoglobulin F(ab′)2 against Smallpox and Evaluation of its Immunoprotective Effect","authors":"Bochang Shi, Hui Han, Lingyun Tan, Yuanzhan Liu, Fang Yan, Bo Li, Naxin Zheng, Min Li, Liyan Zhao, Huabin Li, Tietong Fan, Zhiping Zhang, Xinyu Li, Chongyu Tian, Yuanqiang Zheng, Wei He, Zhongpeng Zhao","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Smallpox, a severe infectious disease caused by the smallpox virus, causes a death rate as high as 30% within 15-20 days after infection. Therefore, development of anti-Smallpox product as a strategic reserve is urgently needed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We prepared and tested pepsin-digested F(ab′)2 fragments of serum IgG from horses.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the purified virus showed morphology consistent with VVTT. The titer was above 1.0 × 107 PFU/mL. The purity of the antigen exceeded 90%, according to HPLC. After purification and cleavage, the yield of the purified product F(ab′)2 was approximately 1.3%, its purity exceeded 90%, and the neutralizing antibody titer exceeded 1:3200. F(ab′)2 fragments had good preventive and therapeutic effects in mice at antibody doses of 5.2 mg/mL and 2.6 mg/mL. The viral loads of the drug-treated mice were suppressed to varying degrees, and the higher dose groups (5.2 and 2.6 mg/mL) showed a 2-3 fold lower viral load than that in the control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A process for producing equine immunoglobulin F(ab′)2 against VVTT was established. The prepared horse anti-smallpox immunoglobulin product had good neutralizing antibody effects on VVTT. The highly purified preparation may serve as a potential candidate for smallpox treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81611006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Mutations Associated with Bedaquiline Resistance in Mycobacterium Marinum","authors":"Long Wang, Yufan Xu, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Because infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rapidly increasing globally, a need exists for developing novel antibiotics and discovering the mechanism of resistance. This research was aimed at understanding the mechanism of bedaquiline resistance in the model NTM species Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum). The Mycobacterium marinum M strain was subjected to mutant selection with different concentrations of BDQ. After three rounds of evolution, 58 BDQ-resistant mutants were isolated and subjected to WGS. The results were confirmed through PCR and Sanger sequencing. We identified seven genetic mutations among these mutants. The highest drug resistance (6–10× MIC) was associated with a mutation in AtpB, the primary biochemical target of BDQ in Mtb. Numerous mutations and insertions mapped to the gene MMAR_1007(46/58), which encodes the homolog of Rv0678 (MmpR) in Mtb. More than 93% of mutants (54/58) contained a single mutation (G563A) in MMAR_4049, which encodes the integral membrane protein YrbE3A-1. Both target-based and efflux-based actions contribute to BDQ resistance in M. marinum. Our findings may aid in developing novel potent anti-NTM (BDQ-based) drug regimens and diagnostic assays for the detection of BDQ-resistant M. marinum.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRNP Sequences of Tibetan Antelope, Blue Sheep, and Plateau Pika from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Reactivity of PrP Proteins to Rodent-Adapted Scrapie Strains in RT-QuIC and PMCA","authors":"Yuezhang Wu, Jing-Xing Wu, X. Yang, Shan Lu, K. Xiao, Dong-Dong Chen, Liping Gao, Qiang Shi, J. Xu, Xiao-Ping Dong","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Tibetan antelope (Rhinopithecus), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauris), and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) are wild animals living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There have been no reports of naturally-occurring transmissible spongioform encephalopathies (TSEs) involving these animals. Furthermore, the PRNP genes have not been described in the literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The PRNP genes from 21 Tibetan antelopes, 4 blue sheep, and 3 plateau pikas were obtained and sequenced. The recombinant proteins were then prepared. Using scrapie strains (263K, 139A, ME7, and S15) as the seeds, the reactivity of the PrP proteins from sheep (rSheepPrP25-234) and pika (rPikaPrP23-230) were tested using real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) tests of the brain homogenates from domestic sheep and rabbits were performed with the seeds of strains 263K and ME7.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The PRNP genes of bovids were 771 bp long and encoded 256 amino acids (aa), showing 100% homology with the wild-type sheep prion protein (PrP) aa sequence. The PRNP gene of pika was 759 bp long and encoded 252 amino acids, showing 92.1% homology with the aa sequence of domestic rabbits. The sheep and pika proteins revealed positive reactions in 10-5 diluted seeds. Only rPikaPrP23-230 produced positive curves in 10-7 diluted seeds. The PMCA tests failed to produce proteinase K (PK)-resistant PrP (PrPres).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is the first description of PRNP genes and PrP aa sequences of Tibetan antelope, blue sheep, and plateau pike from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the presence of rodent prions, the PrPs of sheep and pika efficiently induce fibrillation in RT-QuIC, but do not generate PrPres in PMCA. Our results indicate that pika, as one of the important links in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau biological chain, may play an important role in the prion circulation. Pika PrP deserves further analysis for its potential application value in assays for human prion disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80977210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Marked Decline in Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis Infections in China: Possible Reasons from the Ecological Determinants Perspective","authors":"Junqiang Li, Feifei Xu, Yuancai Chen, Md Robiul Karim, Yilin Wang, Kaihui Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Pitambar Dhakal, Rongjun Wang, Longxian Zhang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important global food-borne infectious disease transmitted between humans and pigs. According to both national surveys and field investigations, the prevalence of the disease in China has significantly decreased in recent decades. The primary disease control measures are health education and promotion, meat inspection, and chemotherapy. Other factors that influence or fundamentally affect human and pig T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis have been identified, such as pig farming patterns shift and a revolution in sanitary toilets, which block T. solium transmission routes. Pig farming practices have shifted from backyard to large-scale intensive farming, thus decreasing pig contact with, and consumption of, human excreta. The increased in the use of sanitary toilets has facilitated hygiene by preventing of human excreta from contacting humans, or polluting the environment, feed, or water. The occurrence of human T. solium infections has markedly decreased as a result of these social changes. The objective of this review is to describe the ecological determinants of the cysticercosis decline in China.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80065691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Clinical and Genomic Signatures of the 2022 Monkeypox Virus","authors":"Meng-Xu Sun, Xingyao Huang, C. Qin","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"The monkeypox outbreaks started in 2022 and became an unexpected public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The factors that drove this neglected zoonosis in Africa into a global focus is largely unknown. Combined clinical, epidemiologic, and phylogenomic analyses indicate that substantial genome mutations, deletions, and rearrangement contributed to the sudden outbreak and unusual features in transmission and outcomes. Because no vaccine or antiviral drug is available in China, we call for immediate action and collaboration in response to the new monkeypox crisis.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-seq Analysis of the BCG Vaccine in a Humanized Mouse Model","authors":"Jie Wang, J. Mi, Yan Liang, Xueqiong Wu, Jun‐xian Zhang, Yinping Liu, Lan Wang, Y. Xue, Yingchang Shi, W. Gong, Xinru Wang","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study was aimed at screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and exploring the potential immune mechanism induced by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in a humanized mouse model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candidate DEGs between mice vaccinated with BCG or injected with PBS were identified through transcriptomics, and their biological functions, signaling pathways, and protein interaction networks were analyzed through bioinformatics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 1035 DEGs were identified by transcriptomics: 398 up-regulated and 637 down-regulated. GO analysis indicated that these DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion, oxygen transport, receptor complex, carbohydrate binding, serine-type endopeptidase activity, and peroxidase activity terms. KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway, axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that the Myc, Vegfa, and Itgb3 proteins had the highest aggregation degree, aggregation coefficient, and connectivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The BCG vaccine induced 1035 DEGs in humanized mice. Among them, the differentially expressed down-regulated genes myc and itgb3 involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may play essential roles in the immune mechanism of the BCG vaccine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82196835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-typhoidal Salmonella from Retail Foods Collected in 2020 in China","authors":"Yujie Hu, Chenxiu Zhang, Jing Zhang, Hongyuan Zhang, Yang Xiao, Shuangjia Dong, Yingyang Song, Y. Dong, Yao Bai, Fengqin Li","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of human salmonellosis globally. Food animals are major NTS reservoirs. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne NTS has led to clinical treatment failures. Here, to examine the prevalence and perform characterization of foodborne NTS with AMR in China, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,256 NTS isolates cultured from retail foods in 2020 in China. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 26 antimicrobial agents representing 12 classes was evaluated with the broth-microdilution method; the presence of ten mcr genes was screened with multi-PCR. The complete closed genomes of mcr-gene-carrying isolates were generated by hybrid assembly through whole genome sequencing on both the PacBio and Illumina platforms. Genomic features and genetic environments of the mcr-1 gene were analysed. The overall drug resistance rate was 92.28%, and the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate was 76.53%. A total of 341 AMR profiles were determined, and resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (63.38%). Among 887 NTS isolates with MDR, 232 showed co-resistance to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, and 25 were resistant to ten classes of antimicrobial agents. The resistance of NTS isolated from different regions varied. Isolates from raw chicken sources most frequently showed resistance. Four NTS carried the mcr-1 gene and represented four different serotypes. Four mcr-1 gene-bearing plasmids from the four Salmonella isolates were classified into two replicon types (IncI2 and IncHI2A). Two mcr-1 genes in IncI2 type plasmids were found to be located between a PAP2 family protein-encoding gene and a relaxase-encoding gene, whereas the other two mcr-1 gene structures in IncHI2A type plasmids showed variations in the presence of insertion sequences. Our data demonstrated severe AMR among foodborne NTS isolated from food in China, thus highlighting the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance to decrease the spread of AMR, particularly to critical drugs in human medicine.","PeriodicalId":79199,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74998829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}