Andrology最新文献

{"title":"Penile vascular status in young men living with HIV experiencing erectile dysfunction: A comparative cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Giorgio Tiecco, Andrea Delbarba, Cosimo Colangelo, Marco Di Gregorio, Paolo Facondo, Matteo Riva, Carlo Cappelli, Emanuele Focà, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan","doi":"10.1111/andr.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erectile dysfunction in people living with HIV is a multifactorial disease, but the role of penile vascular status assessed by dynamic penile color Doppler echography is underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed penile vascular status in young males living with HIV experiencing erectile dysfunction, comparing them to HIV-negative controls stratified into young (<50 years) and middle-aged (51-60 years).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This monocentric, comparative cross-sectional study included young males living with HIV (18-50 years) on antiretroviral therapy for >12 months and HIV-negative individuals presenting with erectile dysfunction. We used dynamic penile color Doppler echography to evaluate penile vascular parameters such as peak systolic velocity, intima-media thickness, and end-diastolic velocity. Statistical analyses, including k-means clustering and stepwise multivariate logistic regression, assessed associations between clinical variables and vascular parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 310 young males living with HIV screened, 50 (16.1%) reported erectile dysfunction and were enrolled, with 97 HIV-negative individuals included as controls. Pathological intima-media thickness was significantly higher (p = 0.004) in young males living with HIV (76%) than in young controls (49%) but comparable to middle-aged controls (76.1%). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression identified belonging to the young control group, compared to young males living with HIV, as a protective factor against pathological intima-media thickness (OR 0.353, 95% CI 0.138-0.902, p = 0.0295), while increasing age was a significant risk factor (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, p = 0.0247). Relative inhomogeneity of clusters was tested demonstrating that membership in either the people living with HIV or HIV-negative group was a significant predictor of cluster assignment based on dynamic penile color Doppler echography parameters, independent of age (p = 0.0025).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to utilize dynamic penile color Doppler echography to evaluate erectile dysfunction in young males living with HIV, highlighting the association between HIV and early vascular alterations. Clinicians should incorporate routine sexual health evaluations into routinary out-patients visits, using erectile dysfunction as a potential indicator for further vascular screening and early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semen quality in patients with testicular cancer is associated with age and with greatly elevated levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin.","authors":"Klaus-Peter Dieckmann, Johanna Hochmuth-Tisch, Andrea Salzbrunn, Cord Matthies, Kathrein von Kopylow, Marta Godlewska, Christian Wülfing, Uwe Pichlmeier, Armin Soave, Christian Guido Ruf","doi":"10.1111/andr.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor semen quality is a well-known feature in patients with testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) at the time of diagnosis but the underlying biological reasons are incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify GCT-specific clinical factors that are involved with poor semen quality in GCT patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pre-orchiectomy ejaculate volume (EV), total sperm count (TSC), and proportion of progressive motility (PPM) were retrospectively analysed in 163 consecutive GCT patients. Their possible associations with the following clinical factors were evaluated: patients age, GCT histology, clinical stages, tumour size, serum levels of tumour markers and of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Statistical methods involved comparisons of various stratified subgroups of clinical characteristics by employing multivariable statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients > 40 years had significantly inferior results than patients < 30 years with respect to median EV (2 mL vs. 3.1 mL) and median PPM (25% vs. 40%). The median TSC was 75-80 million in mildly elevated levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG) opposed to only 22 million in greatly elevated levels. Elevated FSH indicated low sperm counts. GCT histology, tumour-size, and elevations of alpha fetoprotein levels were not associated with semen quality. The effect of clinical staging remained equivocal due to small numbers.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Greatly elevated bHCG levels and age > 40 years are significantly associated with poor semen quality in GCT patients. The inverse association of age with semen quality is a novel finding in GCT patients that mirrors the physiological decline of male reproductive function with age but that still needs confirmation. As these two features are present in only a small proportion of patients, other factors such as the postulated testicular dysgenesis syndrome may be involved in the pathogenesis of poor semen quality in the majority of GCT patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and implication of platelet-rich plasma in male factor infertility: A systematic review of human studies.","authors":"Karl H Pang","doi":"10.1111/andr.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryopreservation causes sperm injury and the success of surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) for azoospermic men is just over half depending on the cause of azoospermia. The role of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in male factor infertility (MFI) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a systematic review of the role of PRP in MFI focusing on human studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using PubMed with reference to the PRISMA 2020 statement. The risk of bias assessment of the included studies was performed using the JBI assessment checklists. Outcome measures included the effects of PRP on cryopreservation, semen parameters, and SSR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search retrieved 119 articles and 10 met the pre-defined PICO criteria. These included 7 prospective studies, 1 randomised-controlled study, 1 retrospective study, and 1 case report. PRP appeared to improve semen parameters, decrease DNA fragmentation, improve recovery of cryopreserved sperm, and improve SSR rate. A case report demonstrated successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection and pregnancy following incubation of semen with PRP in a patient with previous failed IVF attempts.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This is the first systematic review summarising data from human studies on the role of PRP in MFI. The inclusion criteria and outcomes of across studies varied, limiting the ability to conduct a quantitative analysis. Data from early studies on PRP in MFI are promising. However, there is a lack of well-designed clinical studies on this topic, and further research is needed to replicate current findings and evaluate the potential benefits of PRP in MFI.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aporetic dialogues of Modena on gender differences: Is it all about testosterone? Episode II: Empathy.","authors":"Giulia Brigante, Clara Lazzaretti, Ali Ahmad, Massimiliano Colzani, Filippo Vignali, Michele Zoli, Manuela Simoni","doi":"10.1111/andr.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exploration of gender differences in non-andrological fields was the core focus of a series of discussions, which took place at the Endocrinology Unit in Modena, Italy in the form of the aporetic dialogue of ancient Greece. This second episode reports the transcript of the actual debate on testosterone's role in defining empathic behavior in males and females. The two groups of discussants sustained that empathic gender differences may rely either on testosterone exposure (group 1) or on other factors (group 2). The first group supported the hypothesis that females are more empathic than males due to reduced exposure to fetal testosterone, which correlates with higher empathic scores at all ages and lower sensitivity to testosterone in adulthood. This hypothesis is also supported by evolutionary mechanisms and evidence in animal ethology. Conversely, the second group affirmed that gender differences rely on structural diversities in brain organization, hormonal factors such as vasopressin, oxytocin, and cortisol, as well as sociological aspects. An expert in neurophysiology, acting as a referee, moderated the discussion and decided whether the two theories were equivalent or one was predominant.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients with high untreatable sperm DNA fragmentation and prior ICSI failure using ejaculated sperm have signs of partial epididymal obstruction.","authors":"Ettore Caroppo, Fabrizio Castiglioni, Kelly Cabrilo, Marina Bellavia, Giacomo Gazzano, Giovanni M Colpi","doi":"10.1111/andr.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have suggested using testicular sperm for ICSI in patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and high, untreatable sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) with prior ICSI failures using ejaculated sperm, to improve their chances of successful ICSI outcome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess whether such patients have signs of partial epididymal obstruction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 72 infertile men with OAT (sperm count < 10 million/mL, progressive motility < 30%, morphology < 4%) and high (> 30%) SDF who underwent ICSI with testicular sperm following at least two prior ICSI failures with ejaculated sperm; they were divided in two subgroups based on testis histology results indicating either normal or impaired spermatogenesis. 186 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 45 patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) served as control subjects for hormonal and histological parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>34 out of 72 (47.2%) OAT patients had normal spermatogenesis, with hormonal and histopathological characteristics comparable to those of men with OA, while 38 patients (52.7%) showed spermatogenic dysfunction but of lesser severity compared to patients with NOA. At scrotal surgical inspection, all OAT patients showed signs of partial epididymal obstruction. ICSI clinical pregnancy and live birth rate using testicular sperm was 45.8% and 36.11% respectively, and did not differ among patients with normal or impaired spermatogenesis (50% vs. 42%, p = 0.64, and 41.1% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.47, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We hypothesize that partial epididymal obstruction may affect sperm maturation, particularly in relation to the noncoding RNA payload required for fertilization and early embryo development, which is acquired during epididymal transit. Nucleases activation in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens may degrade sperm DNA to prevent the involvement of functionally altered sperm in oocyte fertilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High untreatable SDF, together with prior ICSI failure using ejaculated sperm, could be interpreted as sign of partial epididymal obstruction in patients with OAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryological, clinical, and newborn outcomes from 583 treatment cycles with fresh and frozen testicular spermatozoa.","authors":"Mariana Pereira, Mariana Cunha, Joaquina Silva, Paulo Viana, Nuno Barros, José Teixeira da Silva, Cristiano Oliveira, Luís Ferraz, Alberto Barros, Mário Sousa","doi":"10.1111/andr.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Besides non-obstructive azoospermia, other conditions also benefit from the use of testicular sperm extraction, but their clinical outcomes remain to be explored in detail.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the use of fresh and frozen testicular spermatozoa in patients submitted to testicular sperm extraction because of idiopathic or secondary non-obstructive azoospermia, and after recurrent failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection attempts using ejaculated or aspirated testicular spermatozoa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 325 patients with normal karyotypes and absence of Y-chromosome microdeletions that used testicular sperm extraction for fertility treatments. Comparisons included detailed embryological, clinical, and newborn outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients underwent 503 treatment cycles, 269 with fresh and 234 with frozen testicular spermatozoa. No significant differences were observed between fresh and frozen spermatozoa regarding clinical pregnancy (38.0%/43.2%), live birth delivery (32.2%/34.0%), and newborn (40.1%/43.2%) rates, the same being observed in cumulative clinical pregnancy (47.9%/48.5%), live birth delivery (41.7%/38.3%), and newborn (50.4%/48.5%) rates. Also, no significant differences were observed between fresh and frozen spermatozoa per pathology (idiopathic or secondary non-obstructive azoospermia, cryptorchidism, abnormal semen parameters, cryptozoospermia, obstructive azoospermia, and anejaculation). However, in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia, frozen embryo transfer cycles from fresh sperm cycles evidenced significantly higher rates of live birth delivery and newborn. As cycles with frozen spermatozoa evidenced significantly higher female age, time of infertility, and basal follicle stimulating hormone, and significantly lower number of follicles, female characteristics were thereafter individualized. The presence of mixed factors did not affect outcomes. Good ovarian response cases exhibited significantly higher rates of implantation and newborn, whereas younger women cases showed significantly higher rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, and newborn; however, when fresh spermatozoa were compared to frozen spermatozoa, these differences were no longer present.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Data provide detailed embryological, clinical, and newborn outcomes associated with specific conditions in which testicular sperm extraction was required. It also highlights no detrimental effects on outcomes when frozen testicular spermatozoa is used.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal exposure to a mixture of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and biomarkers of male fecundity: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Sidsel Dan Hull, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Gunnar Toft, Kajsa Kirstine Ugelvig Petersen, Esben Meulengracht Flachs, Christian Lindh, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Lauren A Wise, Allen Wilcox, Zeyan Liew, Jens Peter Bonde, Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg","doi":"10.1111/andr.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with reduced male fecundity, but with few studies considering chemical mixtures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We assessed the association between fetal exposure to a mixture of EDCs and biomarkers of male fecundity in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study population comprised 841 young adult males enrolled in the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality cohort, established as a male offspring sub-cohort within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Maternal blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalate metabolites, and triclosan. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the change in semen characteristics, testicular volume, and reproductive hormone levels with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per one-quartile increase in all chemicals within three chemical mixtures; an overall chemical mixture, a PFAS mixture, and a non-persistent chemical mixture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fetal exposure to a one-quartile increase in the overall chemical mixture was associated with 4.0 million/mL lower sperm concentration (95% CI: -9.1, 1.1), 16.1 million lower total sperm count (95% CI: -33.8, 1.6), 0.5 mL smaller testicular volume (95% CI: -1.2, 0.3), 5% higher proportion of non-progressive and immotile spermatozoa (95% CI: 0.99, 1.11), and 7% higher concentration of FSH (95% CI: 0.99, 1.16), but with limited precision. Effect sizes were greatest in magnitude for sperm concentration and total sperm count. We observed somewhat similar associations for the PFAS mixture and no associations for the non-persistent chemical mixture.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results suggest that fetal exposure to an overall mixture of EDCs may be adversely associated with several biomarkers of male fecundity, but findings are also compatible with null associations. These associations, if true, appeared to be driven by PFAS, but misclassification due to a single measurement of the phthalate metabolites and triclosan may have attenuated the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of spatial transcriptomics in studying spermatogenesis.","authors":"Qianlan Xu, Haiqi Chen","doi":"10.1111/andr.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process that is facilitated by a series of cellular and molecular events. High-throughput genomics approaches, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have begun to enable the systematic characterization of these events. However, the loss of tissue context because of tissue disassociations in the single-cell isolation protocols limits our ability to understand the regulation of spermatogenesis and how defects in spermatogenesis lead to infertility. The recent advancement of spatial transcriptomics technologies enables the studying of the molecular signatures of various cell types and their interactions in the native tissue context. In this review, we discuss how spatial transcriptomics has been leveraged to identify spatially variable genes, characterize cellular neighborhood, delineate cell‒cell communications, and detect molecular changes under pathological conditions in the mammalian testis. We believe that spatial transcriptomics, along with other emerging spatially resolved omics assays, can be utilized to further our understanding of the underlying causes of male infertility, and to facilitate the development of new treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between systemic immune inflammation index and serum testosterone and free testosterone in middle-aged and elderly men.","authors":"Liang Su, Si-Zheng Zhang, Hao-Yang Cheng, Zheng-Yang Zhou, Qi Zhang, Jie Wu, Yong-Zheng Jiao","doi":"10.1111/andr.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic inflammation is a pervasive feature of aging and may be associated with testosterone in middle-aged and older men. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory biomarker. We aimed to assess the association between SII and serum testosterone and free testosterone (FT) in middle-aged and older men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study included males ≥ 40 years old in the 2011-2016 and 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable regression analysis was used to explore the associations between SII and serum testosterone and FT in middle-aged and older men. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 5354 participants were included, of which 2450 contained FT data. Multivariable linear regression found that SII exhibited an inverse association with serum testosterone (β -0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, P < 0.001) and FT (β -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01, P = 0.032) in middle-aged and elderly men. After SII was grouped as quartiles, serum testosterone was significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.05, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.02, P < 0.001). However, FT was not significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.03, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.01, P = 0.135). In subgroup analysis, the serum testosterone results were consistent with the overall results. However, only in the ≥60 years group, SII exhibited an inverse association with FT (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.1 to -0.02, P = 0.002) and was significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01, P = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed an inverse association between SII and serum testosterone and FT in middle-aged and elderly men, particularly among men ≥ 60 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized outcome measures for reporting results from male contraceptive efficacy trials.","authors":"John K Amory","doi":"10.1111/andr.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Standardized methodology for reporting outcomes for male contraceptive trials has not been published. For male contraceptive studies that suppress spermatogenesis, contraceptive failures can occur during the sperm suppression phase or by sperm rebound or due to an unintended pregnancy during the efficacy phase. These three types of contraceptive failure differ from female contraceptives studies and necessitate a novel approach to reporting results from male contraceptive efficacy trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized approach to reporting contraceptive outcomes for male contraceptive efficacy trials is proposed highlighting the three types of contraceptive failure: suppression failure, sperm rebound, and unintended pregnancy. This approach is used to retrospectively analyze published male contraceptive efficacy studies. Data on adverse events and other dropouts from these trials and data from condom use are also presented to give an overall picture of the contraceptive effectiveness of these methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2217 men enrolled in the five male hormonal contraceptive efficacy studies included in the analysis, the suppression failure rate was 3.3% (95% CI: 2.6-4.2). The sperm rebound rate during efficacy was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%-1.9%), and the unintended pregnancy rate during efficacy was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8%-1.7%). The combined contraceptive failure rate was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.2%-7.3%). In these trials, dropouts from adverse events occurred in 3.9% (95% CI: 3.1%-4.9%) of men, while discontinuations for other reasons occurred for 20% (95% CI: 18%-22%) of men. In total, 70% (95% CI: 68%-72%) of men experienced effective contraception.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contraceptive failure in male contraceptive trials may be described with a three-outcome approach. Combining contraceptive failure measures with adverse event and dropout rates results in a clearer understanding of contraceptive effectiveness for the method under study.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}