Andrology最新文献

{"title":"Embryological and Clinical Outcomes in Couples With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Undergoing PGT-M: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hao Shi, Chenxiao Han, Yue Ma, Wenbin Niu, Xiao Bao, Ningzhao Ma, Lingyun Zhang, Haisong Wang, Jinhao Liu, Fang Wang, Yile Zhang, Haixia Jin, Yihong Guo","doi":"10.1111/andr.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Male reproductive abnormalities have been reported in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but their impact on embryo development and clinical outcomes after preimplantation genetic testing remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association of male and female ADPKD with embryologic and clinical outcomes in preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorder (PGT-M) cycles, and to explore whether progressive sperm motility modifies the association between male ADPKD and embryo developmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 490 PGT-M cycles performed between January 2012 and December 2024, comprising 137 cycles with male ADPKD, 51 cycles with female ADPKD, and 302 non-ADPKD control cycles for other monogenic disorders. Embryologic and clinical outcomes were analyzed using denominator-aware generalized linear mixed models and logistic regression. Sensitivity, mediation, and interaction analyses were performed to explore the role of progressive sperm motility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, male ADPKD was associated with a lower Day 3 high-quality embryo rate (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.90, p = 0.017) and clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.74, p = 0.002). In the primary analysis, the live birth rate per embryo transfer did not differ statistically (adjusted OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-1.00, p = 0.052). The association with blastocyst formation was not statistically significant after adjustment for semen parameters (adjusted OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.55-1.04, p = 0.090), but became significant when progressive sperm motility was omitted from the model (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.89, p = 0.005). An exploratory interaction was detected between male ADPKD and progressive sperm motility (interaction OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.23-2.66, p = 0.003). No significant differences in the primary embryologic or clinical outcomes were observed between female ADPKD and control cycles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Associations with Day 3 embryo morphology and clinical pregnancy were not accompanied by a statistically significant difference in live birth in the primary analysis. Because semen quality differed substantially between groups and no non-ADPKD group with comparably severe asthenozoospermia was included, these analyses do not establish an ADPKD-specific effect on embryo development or overall PGT-M success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings identify associations with selected intermediate outcomes, but do not demonstrate that male ADPKD independently impairs clinically definitive PGT-M outcomes. The sperm motility analyses should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm Motility Stability During Long-Term Cryopreservation: A Paired-Sample Study on 101 Fertility Preservation Patients.","authors":"Cécily Lucas, Bruno Pereira, Laure Chaput, Jeanne Dufaure, Cyril Bouche, Florence Brugnon, Hanae Pons-Rejraji","doi":"10.1111/andr.70414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncertainty persists regarding the impact of very long-term liquid nitrogen storage (>10 years) on sperm quality, particularly for oncology patients and those with suboptimal initial semen quality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the impact of storage duration on post-thaw motility parameters and clinical assisted reproductive technologies (ART) utility using a robust paired-sample design.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This paired cohort study analyzed 101 semen samples (62 cancer, 39 non-cancer) at two time points: immediately after freezing (T0) and after 2-12 years of storage (T1) in 0.3-mL high-security straws. Total/progressive motility and motile sperm counts (TMSC/PMSC) were compared using random-effects modeling with interaction terms for patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm parameters showed minimal average change over the 2-12-year storage range, with no evidence of differential T0-T1 variation according to initial sperm quality or diagnosis (all interaction p values >0.3). An exploratory analysis of the small 11-12-year subgroup (n = 24; including 21 oncology patients) showed a significant but modest decline in total motility (-3.6%; p < 0.05) and motile counts (TMSC -0.5 M; p < 0.05). Concordance coefficients provided supporting information on relative agreement between T0 and T1 (Lin's > 0.70; p < 0.001), and most samples (84.6% overall, 87.5% in the 11-12-year group) maintained their original ART eligibility (intrauterine insemination [IUI]/in vitro fertilization [IVF]/intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Human sperm motility showed limited average changes over the 2-12-year storage range. The exploratory findings in the small 11-12-year subgroup, predominantly composed of oncology patients, suggest modest changes with limited impact on ART strategy. These results provide reassuring evidence for long-term counseling in oncofertility and support the clinical management of cryopreserved sperm samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index and Outcomes of Fresh Embryo Transfer in IVF/ICSI Cycles: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Rui Yang, Mingli Sun, Jinying Chen, Haibo Li, Yuehong Li, Yan Sun, Zhengmian Zhang","doi":"10.1111/andr.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the impact of the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on clinical outcomes and infant safety in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) among infertile couples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical data from 4520 infertile couples undergoing fresh embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between June 2018 and January 2025. Participants were stratified according to BMI categories. The primary outcomes were semen parameters, while secondary outcomes included embryo-related, pregnancy, and fetal outcomes. Associations between sperm DFI and reproductive outcomes were evaluated using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to explore potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed according to fertilization method (IVF or ICSI), and sensitivity analyses were conducted by modeling DFI as a continuous variable and by applying an alternative DFI cutoff value of 20%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated sperm DFI was significantly associated with impaired semen quality across BMI strata. Compared with men with DFI <15%, those with DFI ≥15% exhibited lower sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and normal morphology rate, with the strongest associations observed among men with high BMI. Regarding embryo-related outcomes, elevated DFI was associated with a lower fertilization rate among men with high BMI, whereas in the low-BMI subgroup, elevated DFI was associated with a higher high-quality embryo rate (Adjusted β = 10.24, 95% CI: 0.78 to 19.70). In the primary analyses, no significant associations were observed between sperm DFI and blastocyst formation, clinical pregnancy, abortion, live birth, fetal aneuploidy, or birth defects. Sensitivity analyses using DFI as a continuous variable and an alternative cutoff value of 20% yielded results generally consistent with the primary analyses. Subgroup analyses stratified by fertilization method demonstrated comparable associations between sperm DFI and reproductive outcomes, supporting the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sperm DFI is significantly associated with the quality of semen and embryo development in assisted reproduction. A positive association with high-quality embryo rate was observed in the low-BMI subgroup; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of the relatively small sample size in the low BMI subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of spermatogenesis-associated transcripts in the spermatozoa of idiopathic infertile men","authors":"Xinran Qi,&nbsp;Han Ji,&nbsp;Enrica Bianchi,&nbsp;Susan J. Hall,&nbsp;Gabriella Avellino,&nbsp;William Berg,&nbsp;Priyanka Bearelly,&nbsp;Mark Sigman,&nbsp;Zhijin Wu,&nbsp;Daniel J. Spade","doi":"10.1111/andr.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately half of male factor infertility cases are idiopathic, indicating a need for new methods to supplement male fertility assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to identify differences in the sperm transcriptomes of men with different clinical fertility status. We hypothesized that sperm mRNA profiling could distinguish men presenting for fertility assessment from proven fertile men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared two groups of study participants: men who presented for infertility assessment (<i>n</i> = 53, “infertility”), and men without a history of infertility who had fathered a child and were presenting for vasectomy (<i>n</i> = 14, “proven fertile” control). Study participants provided a semen sample for semen analysis and sperm mRNA sequencing. Differentially abundant genes were identified, and a gene expression summary score was constructed to test the ability of RNA-seq data to differentiate between study populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The semen parameter that best differentiated between study populations was motility (area under the ROC curve = 0.746). In RNA-seq analysis, 1885 total differentially abundant transcripts were identified (<i>q</i> &lt; 0.05, fold difference ≥ 2), 1004 (53.3%) of which were downregulated in infertility study participants. The Gene Ontology term, spermatogenesis, was enriched, with 40 out of 44 differentially abundant genes downregulated in infertility study participants. A gene expression summary score consisting of 100 upregulated and 100 downregulated genes was able to differentiate between the two groups of study participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sperm mRNAs differed between proven fertile and infertility study men. Known fertility-associated genes, including <i>PRM1</i> and <i>PRM2</i>, and potentially novel fertility markers, including <i>HOOK1</i> and <i>SPATA6</i>, were downregulated in infertility study samples. Future studies should test these results for reproducibility and test whether novel biomarker candidates can provide mechanistic information about etiologies of idiopathic male infertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support the hypothesis that sperm mRNA abundance differs by clinical fertility status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2419-2431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D interactomes in basal and Fsk-stimulated mouse MA-10 Leydig cells","authors":"Karine de Mattos,&nbsp;Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer,&nbsp;Arnaud Droit,&nbsp;Robert S. Viger,&nbsp;Jacques J. Tremblay","doi":"10.1111/andr.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcription factors regulate essential transcriptional programs in various cell types. The activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2 factors is modulated through interactions with cofactors, chromatin remodelers, and other regulatory proteins, which are dependent on cell context and physiological state. In steroidogenic Leydig cells, MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D are key regulators of genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, reproductive function, and oxidative stress defense. However, the specific network of myocyte enhancer factor 2-interacting proteins in Leydig cells remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify the interactome of each MEF2 factor present in Leydig cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TurboID proximity-mediated biotinylation combined with mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify the protein‒protein interaction networks of MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D in MA-10 Leydig cells under basal and stimulated conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 109 potential myocyte enhancer factor 2-interacting proteins, including some previously known myocyte enhancer factor 2 partners. The interactome for each myocyte enhancer factor 2 factor is dynamic and exhibits unique and shared interaction networks between basal and stimulated conditions. Further analysis through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment categorized these interactions, revealing involvement in pathways related to cellular metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and steroidogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that myocyte enhancer factor 2 factors can participate in diverse transcriptional activities, capable of gene activation or repression, depending on different protein‒protein interactions. In addition, the differential interactome for each myocyte enhancer factor 2 factor suggests unique regulatory roles for each factor in modulating Leydig cell function. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insights into myocyte enhancer factor 2 action in Leydig cells by identifying interacting partners that likely influence their functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2401-2418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating Inspiring and Inspired Testis Biology: A Special Issue of the XXVIIth North American Testis Workshop","authors":"Kate L. Loveland,&nbsp;Robert S. Viger","doi":"10.1111/andr.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70188","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We are pleased to present a selection of works from speakers and participants at the 2024 North American Testis Workshop (NATW) in this special issue of &lt;i&gt;Andrology&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ever since its inaugural meeting in 1972, the NATW has been the foremost international forum, where researchers have come together to discuss their latest findings and exchange ideas on different aspects of testis biology. The NATW is also unique in that it is also the only meeting in North America solely dedicated to advancing our scientific knowledge of the male gonad. For more than 50 years, the NATW has strengthened collaborations and information sharing among our community and has helped to translate basic research into life-changing clinical applications for men dealing with male reproductive disorders and infertility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The past 26 NATW meetings have provided attendees access to cutting-edge cellular and molecular biology of the testis, with an emphasis on genetic regulation and state-of-the-art technologies. To maintain this tradition and to spotlight how research in testicular biology has provided new insights of relevance for other fields and/or integrates with other fields, “Celebrating Inspiring and Inspired Testis Biology” was chosen as the theme of the XXVII&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; NATW. The meeting was held May 2–5, 2024, at the Embassy Suites Hotel in Denver, CO.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The XXVII&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; NATW program consisted of four major lectures (one keynote address and three benchmark lectures) and five symposia sessions, during which a total of 15 invited talks and 10 short talks selected from abstracts submitted from junior and emerging scientists were presented on the following topics: (1) cancer and genome integrity in the testis, (2) novel models, tools, and molecules in the study of testis biology, (3) the testis–brain connection, (4) environmental influences on testis development and function, and (5) mechanistic switches affecting male germline fate. In addition, over 60 posters were presented in two sessions over the course of the meeting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a continued tradition of the NATW, invited speakers and participants were invited to contribute works that we have assembled in this special issue of the journal &lt;i&gt;Andrology&lt;/i&gt;. These contributions not only highlight topics presented at the XXVII&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; meeting but also represent emerging discoveries of testis biology that have impacted or are impacting the testis and other fields.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions include a mix of original, review, and opinion articles on a range of exciting topics that include the role of iron in testis function, sperm mRNA profiling in infertile men, the identification of transcription factor interactomes in Leydig cells, a discussion of the use of deidentified organ donor testes for research, a description of the detailed relationship between specific testicular histopathologies and the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and semen quality, and insights into whether the ","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2350-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of iron in normal and impaired testicular function","authors":"Aileen Harrer,&nbsp;Esther G. Meyron-Holtz,&nbsp;Andreas Meinhardt","doi":"10.1111/andr.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iron plays a critical role in testicular physiology, impacting spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and overall testicular function. Iron homeostasis is maintained through systemic and cellular regulatory mechanisms, including hepcidin-mediated systemic iron control and the iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein (IRE/IRP) system at the cellular level. Germ cells require iron for cell divisions and development, while Leydig and Sertoli cells depend on iron for the biosynthesis of testosterone and the maintenance of sperm development, with iron-dependent enzymes playing essential roles in lipid metabolism, DNA synthesis, and mitochondrial function. Iron imbalances, including iron overload and deficiency, significantly impact testicular health. Excess iron accumulation induces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis, contributing to testicular dysfunction. Hereditary hemochromatosis and beta-thalassemia major are associated with disrupted iron metabolism, leading to altered hormonal profiles and impaired spermatogenesis. Conversely, iron deficiency, often linked to dietary insufficiency or inflammatory conditions, can impair testosterone production and sperm quality. Bacterial and viral infections of the testis, such as those caused by <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Zika virus, and HIV, also alter iron metabolism, influencing immune responses and exacerbating testicular inflammation. Additionally, chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes may disrupt iron regulation and contribute to reproductive dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests a strong link between ferroptosis and testicular damage, with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation playing a key role in cell death pathways. This review highlights the complexity of iron regulation in the testis, the negative effects of disruptions of iron metabolism on male fertility and reproductive health as well as the gaps in knowledge that currently prevent therapeutic approaches to mitigate infertility associated with iron dysregulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2373-2387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of deidentified organ donor testes for research","authors":"Marina V. Pryzhkova,&nbsp;Marnie W. Skinner,&nbsp;Juliana I. Candelaria,&nbsp;Stephen R. Wellard,&nbsp;Philip W. Jordan","doi":"10.1111/andr.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our knowledge of testis development and function mainly comes from research using mammalian model organisms, primarily the mouse. However, there are integral differences between men and other mammalian species regarding cellular composition and expression profiles during fetal and post-natal testis development and in the mature testis. Therefore, to specifically learn more about human testis development and function, there is a need to use human testis tissue for research. Human testicular tissues that have been donated for research have allowed extensive molecular and cytological assessments, as well as single-cell transcriptome and epigenome analyses. These tissues have also been used for the development of cell technologies and in vitro models that aim to improve infertility treatments and diagnostics. Biopsied material taken from patients and designated for research is usually very small in size and is unsuitable for comprehensive studies. On the other hand, research using whole testes obtained from deceased, deidentified donors has become a valuable resource to assess conservation between humans and other organisms and identify human-specific phenomena. This review discusses the acquisition of donated deidentified human testes and their use for basic science research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2359-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the male germline offer insight into mammalian brain size expansion?","authors":"Stephen J. Bush,&nbsp;Anne Goriely","doi":"10.1111/andr.13766","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.13766","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic data have greatly expanded our understanding of both spermatogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of male infertility. However, this growing wealth of data could also shed light on a seemingly unrelated biological problem: the genetic basis of mammalian brain size expansion throughout evolution. It is now increasingly recognized that the testis and brain share many cellular and molecular similarities including pivotal roles for the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, mutations in which are known to have a pronounced impact on cell proliferation. Most notably, in the stem cell lineages of both organs, new mutations have been shown to increase cellular output over time. These include ‘selfish’ mutations in spermatogonial stem cells, which disproportionately increase the proportion of mutant sperm, and—to draw a parallel—human-specific mutations in neural stem cells which, by increasing the number of neurons, have been implicated in neocortical expansion. Here we speculate that the origin for many ‘expansion’-associated mutations is the male germline and that as such, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms controlling testicular turnover may yield fresh insight into the biology and evolution of the brain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2352-2358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular histopathology and its association with germ cell numbers, serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, and semen quality","authors":"Gülizar Saritas,&nbsp;Nina Mørup,&nbsp;Trine H. Johannsen,&nbsp;Anders Juul,&nbsp;Lise Aksglaede,&nbsp;Sofia B. Winge,&nbsp;Kristian Almstrup","doi":"10.1111/andr.13803","DOIUrl":"10.1111/andr.13803","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is well-established that spermatogenesis, semen quality, and reproductive hormones are interlinked. It is, however, less well-described how various specific testicular histopathologies are linked to reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the detailed relationship between specific testicular histopathologies and the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive histological patterns on testicular biopsies from 4245 patients referred for andrological workup in our clinic between 1990 and 2022 were grouped according to a published histological coding system: (1) complete spermatogenesis (completeSPG, <i>n</i> = 3171), (2) reduced spermatogenesis (reducedSPG, <i>n</i> = 657), (3) heterogeneous (hetArrest, <i>n</i> = 226), and (4) homogeneous (homArrest, <i>n</i> = 191) spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte or spermatid stage. As a proxy for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, immunohistochemical staining for MAGE-A4, PIWIL1, and TNP1 were quantified on a representative set of biopsies (<i>n</i> = 100). Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, SHBG, and inhibin B <i>(n</i> = 1813) and semen parameters (<i>n</i> = 833) were available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the completeSPG group, the number of spermatogonia was only reduced in the hetArrest group, while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids were lower in all groups. All groups had significantly higher FSH and LH and lower T, free T, and inhibin B concentrations when compared with the completeSPG group, except for the homArrest group, where inhibin B was unaffected. The hetArrest group had the lowest number of germ cells, the most pronounced change in reproductive hormones, and the lowest sperm counts. We found a strong correlation between the number of germ cells present and the corresponding serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, and inhibin B.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A histopathological pattern of heterogeneous spermatogenic arrest is associated with a more severe phenotype than a pattern of homogeneous arrest, and the group with reduced spermatogenesis showed the mildest phenotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2388-2400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.13803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}