Annalen der Physik最新文献

{"title":"Shot-Noise-Driven Macroscopic Vibrations and Displacement Transduction in Quantum Tunnel Junctions","authors":"Prasanta Kumbhakar,&nbsp;Anusha Shanmugam,&nbsp;Akhileshwar Mishra,&nbsp;Ravi Pant,&nbsp;John L. Reno,&nbsp;Sadhvikas Addamane,&nbsp;Madhu Thalakulam","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Back-action is an inevitable result of quantum measurement. Although the microscopic impacts of shot-noise back-action have been explored, macroscopic evidence is seldom documented, especially in the field of electrical transport. Tunneling shot-noise has been shown to excite the fundamental flexural mode of the host crystal using a sub-GHz lumped-element radio-frequency quantum point contact (QPC). In this study, this aspect of shot-noise back-action is examined at much higher operational frequencies and wider bandwidths by employing a GaAs QPC integrated into a planar superconducting cavity within the circuit-QED framework, leading to the observation of the excitation of multiple mechanical modes. The device operates in the shot-noise-limited regime. Constructed on a piezoelectric platform, there is positive feedback between the electrical and mechanical degrees of freedom within the QPC. Shot-noise excites piezoelectric vibrational modes; concurrently the resulting polarization charges enhance tunneling and develop peaks in the shot-noise spectra at the modal frequencies. The excitation of vibrational modes is a macroscopic demonstration of measurement back-action, and the amplitudes of the noise-peaks enable us to calibrate the displacement sensitivity of the QPC-resonator systems, which is in the range <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mn>35</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>√</mi>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$ approx ;35;fm/surd Hz$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, making it an excellent sensor for ultra-sensitive and rapid strain/displacement detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational Supersymmetry via the Dressing Field Method and Matter-Interaction Supergeometric Framework","authors":"Jordan François,&nbsp;L. Ravera","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relationality is the paradigmatic conceptual core of general-relativistic gauge field theory. It can be made manifest via the <i>Dressing Field Method</i> (DFM) of symmetry reduction, a systematic tool to achieve gauge-invariance by extracting the physical degrees of freedom representing relations among field variables. Some applications of the DFM are reviewed and further expanded to the very foundations of the supersymmetric framework, where it allows to build <i>relational supersymmetric field theory</i> and (dis)solves crucial issues. Furthermore, a novel approach within the relational supersymmetric field theory framework giving a unified description of fermionic matter fields and bosonic gauge fields is elaborated, and thus close to Berezin's original motivation for the introduction of supergeometry in fundamental physics: a <i>Matter-Interaction Supergeometric Unification</i> (MISU). This new approach stands irrespective from the ultimate empirical status of standard supersymmetric field theory, about which it is agnostic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/andp.202500121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Interference in Atomic Systems","authors":"Sajad Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mohsen Akbari,&nbsp;Shahpoor Saeidian,&nbsp;Ali Motazedifard","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum interference plays a central role in the realm of quantum particles, revealing their wave-like nature and probabilistic behavior. It relies on the concept of superposition, where the probability amplitudes of different processes that contribute to the given phenomenon interfere with each other. When combined, their phases can interfere either constructively or destructively. Quantum interference manifests in three distinct forms: optical interference, arising from the interaction of light waves and forming the basis for technologies such as lasers and optical filters; interference via atoms, which involves manipulating atomic states to control light–matter interactions and enables techniques like Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in quantum information processing; and interference of atoms with themselves, in which the matter waves of single atoms interfere with each other, as employed in precision measurements such as atom interferometry–a crucial tool for applications in quantum mechanics and precision navigation. These diverse forms of quantum interference have profound implications for numerous scientific disciplines, demonstrating that interference can involve particles beyond just photons.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Saturable Absorption Response of Metallic (Nb and Ta) Carbides for Photonic Devices","authors":"Erkang Li,&nbsp;Chunhui Lu,&nbsp;Yanqing Ge,&nbsp;Yayan Xi,&nbsp;Xinlong Xu","doi":"10.1002/andp.202400424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202400424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallic carbides such as NbC and TaC, as emerging 2D materials, show excellent conductivity, broadband linear optical response, as well as strong light-matter interaction. However, exploring the nonlinear optical properties of the NbC and TaC is still absent in the optical communication band, which is desirable to boost the development of broadband photonic devices. Herein, dispersion-less broadband saturable absorption in the near-infrared wavelength in both NbC and TaC by a Z-scan system is observed. The nonlinear absorption coefficients of NbC and TaC are superior to those of graphene, Nb₂C, and Ta₂C MXenes, which can be described well with a three-level model. Motivated by the excellent saturable absorption property in the near-infrared region, all-optical modulators with high modulation depth as well as Q-switched lasers with µs-level pulse width at 1550 nm are successfully achieved. This work suggests a great potential of metallic carbides for high-performance of photonic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite-Based Communication for Phase-Matching Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution","authors":"Arindam Dutta,&nbsp;Subhashish Banerjee,&nbsp;Anirban Pathak","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the feasibility of the phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (PM-MDI QKD) protocol proposed by Lin and Lütkenhaus for satellite-based quantum communication. The protocol's key rate, known to exceed the repeaterless PLOB bound, is evaluated in the asymptotic limit under noisy conditions typical of satellite communications, including loss-only scenarios. The setup involves two ground-based parties connected via fiber (loss-only or noisy) and a space-based third party linked to one of these two ground-based parties through free-space communication. Simulations using the elliptic-beam approximation model the average key rate (AKR) and its probability distribution (PDR) across varying zenith angles and fiber distances. Down-link free-space communication is assessed under day and night conditions, with intensity optimization for each graphical point. Dynamic configurations of satellite and ground stations are also considered. Results indicate that AKR decays more slowly under loss-only conditions, while PDR analysis shows higher key rates produce more concentrated distributions. These findings demonstrate the potential of PM-MDI QKD protocols for achieving reliable key rates in satellite-based quantum communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Link Between Bell Nonlocality and Uncertainty Relations in Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Li-Yi Hsu","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bell nonlocality refers to the nonlocal correlation strength among quantum systems that cannot be duplicated using local hidden variables, and uncertainty relations set the lower bound on the sum or product of variances for incompatible observables within a quantum system. In this work, the study of linking these two fundamental quantum features in terms of statistical characteristics within Bell tests is initiated. Two statistics determine the state-dependent quantum upper bounds of the Bell values: the expectation values of local observables, and the joint uncertainty that is the product of local uncertainty. Specifically, it is showed that the joint measurement uncertainty determines the upper bounds of covariant Bell inequalities in the quantum region, with more joint measurement uncertainty required for more covariant correlation strengths. Conversely, the covariant Bell value defines the lower bound of joint uncertainty. In addition, given the maximally entangled states, Tsirelson's bounds of Bell inequalities can be achieved when the joint uncertainty reaches the maximum.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/andp.202500049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Time-Transformation Approach to Generate Free Ballistic Acceleration and Inversion of the Airy Pulse in Dynamic Optical Media","authors":"Lucien Mandeng Mandeng,&nbsp;Clément Tchawoua","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the time-transformation approach (TTA) is applied to investigate two key phenomena in dynamic optical media: free ballistic acceleration (FBA) and asymmetric Airy pulse inversion (AAPI). These effects arise from either the interplay between input chirp and group-velocity dispersion (GVD) or from dominant positive third-order dispersion (TOD) on a truncated Airy profile (TAP) electric field. By modeling a linear dynamic medium that includes GVD and TOD, an impulse response is derived with an intrinsic Airy structure. Nonlinear effects, particularly the Kerr effect, are incorporated via a Jacobian-based transit time expression. In the linear regime, these results closely match those obtained with the split-step Fourier method (SSFM), while being approximately 14 times faster due to TTA's direct field mapping. In the Kerr nonlinear regime, TTA remains reliable, especially for AAPI driven by chirp-GVD interaction. These findings highlight TTA as a powerful hybrid analytical-numerical tool for simulating asymmetric optical signals like TAPs in time-varying media.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Correlated Hopping on Thermoelectric Response of a Quantum dot Strongly Coupled to Ferromagnetic Leads","authors":"Kacper Wrześniewski,&nbsp;Ireneusz Weymann","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of correlated hopping on thermoelectric transport is theoretically investigated through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads. Using the accurate numerical renormalization group method, the transport characteristics are analyzed, focusing on the interplay between electronic correlations, spin-dependent transport processes, and thermoelectric response. The electrical conductance and thermopower are calculated as functions of the dot energy level, lead polarization, and the amplitude of correlated hopping. Moreover, the effect of competing correlations is analyzed on the Kondo resonance and discuss the asymmetry of conductance peaks under the influence of the exchange field. It is demonstrated that the presence of correlated hopping is responsible for asymmetric spin-dependent transport characteristics. These results provide valuable insight into how correlated hopping affects spin-dependent transport and thermoelectric efficiency in quantum dot systems with ferromagnetic contacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of the Spin-Hall Effect of Tightly Focused Linearly Polarized Light Through a Stratified Medium in Optical Tweezers","authors":"Sramana Das,&nbsp;Sauvik Roy,&nbsp;Subhasish Dutta Gupta,&nbsp;Nirmalya Ghosh,&nbsp;Ayan Banerjee","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An extensive study is conducted of the Spin-Hall Effect of light that is an important consequence of the spin-orbit interaction in optical tweezers. Thus, the evolution of a linearly polarized input beam under tight focusing in the presence of a refractive index stratified medium is numerically simulated. Importantly, the numerical aperture of the focusing lens, as well as the refractive indices of the different layers of the stratified medium are varied. The longitudinal component of the spin angular momentum density – that leads to spinning of birefringent particles – changes more-or-less monotonically with the lens numerical aperture, other than values where the light incidence angle equals the critical angle. The Spin-Hall shift – which is the transverse spatial separation of opposite helicities generated due to the Spin-Hall effect – displays much larger values compared to the sub-wavelength orders typically reported for particular combinations of refractive index and numerical aperture. Interestingly, the Spin-Hall Shift does not vary monotonically with the lens numerical aperture, and may undergo abrupt changes depending on the refractive index distribution of the stratified medium. The results may find important applications in designing experiments for generating exotic spin-orbit optomechanics of trapped particles in optical tweezers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of Surface 2D Electron Gas in Highly Bulk-Insulating Bi4I4","authors":"Dong Chen,&nbsp;Vicky Hasse,&nbsp;Chenguang Fu,&nbsp;Yu Pan,&nbsp;Claudia Felser","doi":"10.1002/andp.202500136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202500136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Topological insulators are usually good thermoelectric materials, and it is intriguing to investigate if the topological surface states enhance the thermoelectric performance. For the observation of exotic surface-state-dominated transport properties, it is crucial to tune the Fermi energy into the bulk bandgap. However, this is of great challenge, and a controllable method to tune the Fermi energy for the as-grown bulk crystals is highly desirable. In this work, realize the post-synthesis tuning of the Fermi energy in the topological insulator Bi₄I₄ is successfully realized by annealing. The annealing process excites the escape of iodine and changes the carrier type from hole to electron. The annealed crystals can be highly insulating by showing an extremely low carrier concentration in the order of 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, one of the lowest values among the reported topological insulators. Benefiting from the highly insulating bulk state, a 2D surface state induced by band bending is identified by quantum oscillations. These results shed light on the post-synthesis way of Fermi energy engineering for bulk crystals, and on the preparation of 2D electron gas on the surface of bulk crystals, which can be instructive to resolve the surface-states contribution to various physical properties including thermoelectric transport properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7896,"journal":{"name":"Annalen der Physik","volume":"537 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/andp.202500136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}