{"title":"Proton structure from a soft-wall holographic QCD model: mass spectrum, form factors, and mechanical properties","authors":"Jiali Deng, Defu Hou","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16205-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16205-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the internal structure of the proton – including its mass spectrum, electromagnetic and gravitational form factors, and mechanical properties – remains a central challenge in hadronic physics. While lattice QCD and experimental measurements provide valuable insights, a holographic framework with a single parameter set capable of simultaneously describing these diverse observables is still lacking. Here, we employ the soft wall model, a phenomenological holographic approach that incorporates gluon condensation and linear confinement, to compute the proton mass spectrum, electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs), and gravitational form factors (GFFs). Our results show good agreement with recent experimental data and lattice QCD calculations. Despite its phenomenological nature, the model’s ability to simultaneously describe multiple observables suggests that it effectively mimics some key QCD features.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16205-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi-Qiang Zhao, Zhang-Yu Nie, Shao-Wen Wei, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Zhang
{"title":"Interior geometry of black holes as a probe of first-order phase transition","authors":"Zi-Qiang Zhao, Zhang-Yu Nie, Shao-Wen Wei, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16149-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16149-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional diagnostics of black hole phase transitions rely on thermodynamic quantities defined at the event horizon or asymptotic boundary. Here, we demonstrate that the near-singularity geometry offers a sharp, independent probe of both first-order phase transitions and supercritical crossover. For scalarized AdS black holes exhibiting a first-order phase transition, the Kasner exponent <span>(p_t)</span>, which characterizes the approach to the singularity, undergoes a dramatic transformation. On one side of the transition, <span>(p_t)</span> oscillates strongly with temperature, reflecting violent interior dynamics. On the other side, it becomes a smooth, monotonically varying function. These two distinct behaviors converge as the critical point is approached. Beyond the critical point, in the supercritical region, <span>(p_t(T))</span> develops a distinct extremum, defining a “Kasner crossover line” that is entirely independent of traditional thermodynamic (Widom line) or dynamic (Frenkel line) criteria. Our work establishes the near-singularity geometry of scalarized black holes as a novel class of diagnostics for phase transitions, revealing that a change in the macroscopic thermodynamic state fundamentally reshapes the deepest interior structure of spacetime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16149-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dalmazi, B. dos S. Martins, E. L. Mendonça, R. Schimidt Bittencourt
{"title":"Unitarity of partially broken massless higher-spin models","authors":"D. Dalmazi, B. dos S. Martins, E. L. Mendonça, R. Schimidt Bittencourt","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16197-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16197-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here we suggest a partially broken version of the Skvortsov–Vasiliev (SV) model for massless particles of arbitrary integer spin <span>(sge 3)</span>. The traceless gauge parameter of the Weyl transformation is now required to be transverse. In the light-cone gauge we offer a simple proof that the model contains only spin-<i>s</i> helicities as propagating modes. In the <span>(s=3)</span> and <span>(s=4)</span> cases we are able to calculate the two point amplitude and confirm unitarity in a explicitly Lorentz invariant way. For the recently suggested partially broken Fronsdal model, for <span>(s=3)</span> and <span>(s=4)</span>, unitarity is also confirmed in a Lorentz invariant way from their two point amplitudes. In both Fronsdal and SV partially broken models the two point amplitudes differ from their unbroken counterparts by contact terms which guarantees the same particle content but indicates potential non-equivalence of possible interacting terms.\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16197-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constant roll inflation and reconstruction of scalar field potential in f(T) gravity","authors":"B. Mishra, S. K. Tripathy","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16208-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16208-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss the reconstruction of scalar field potential necessary to witness inflation at the very early phase of the Universe. A minimally coupled inflaton field is considered along with a modified teleparallel gravity where the action contains a function of torsion. Reconstruction mechanism in a most general way is discussed. Constant roll inflation is imposed upon the field equations to simplify the reconstruction procedure. Considering a functional form of <i>f</i>(<i>T</i>), we obtained the effective scalar field potential and Hubble parameter in an analytic manner.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16208-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expected redshift drift for tilted observers","authors":"Franco R. de Pedro, Gabriel R. Bengochea","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16204-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16204-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Redshift drift is usually discussed for observers comoving with the cosmological background, but realistic observations are made by observers with nonzero peculiar motion. In this work, we calculate the expected redshift drift for tilted observers within the covariant 1 + 3 formalism. Starting from the exact redshift measured in the tilted frame, we derive the corresponding drift as an FLRW background term plus a directional correction driven by the observer’s peculiar kinematics, encoded through peculiar expansion, projected shear, and projected acceleration along the line of sight. We analyse first an Einstein–de Sitter (EdS) background, which isolates the purely kinematic effect of tilt in the absence of background acceleration, and then extend the calculation to <span>(Lambda )</span>CDM in order to quantify how the same anisotropic corrections deform the standard drift signal in the concordance model.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16204-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Alexandre, Nick E. Mavromatos, Vasiliki A. Mitsou, Emanuela Musumeci
{"title":"Magnetic-monopole resummation justifies perturbatively calculated collider production cross sections","authors":"Jean Alexandre, Nick E. Mavromatos, Vasiliki A. Mitsou, Emanuela Musumeci","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16085-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16085-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A one-loop resummation scheme, inspired by Dyson–Schwinger (DS) formalism of strongly coupled quantum field theories, is applied to spin-1/2 magnetic monopoles (MMs), in the context of an effective field theory (EFT), invariant under the gauge group <span>(mathrm U(1)_{em}otimes U(1)^prime )</span>, where <span>(mathrm U(1)^prime )</span> is a dual strongly coupled Abelian interaction, associated with a ‘dark photon’. The latter leads to a MM appearing as a limiting case of a ‘dyon’, with a tiny ‘electric charge’, compensated by a huge wave-function renormalization of the MM, thereby leading to a finite renormalized MM–photon coupling. An ultra-violet fixed point structure is found in the resummed theory, which is purely non-perturbative due to different boundary conditions of the resummation equations, compared to the weak coupling (perturbative) case. The renormalized coupling of the MM to the electromagnetic photon in the fixed-point theory is identified with the magnetic charge, compatible with the Dirac quantization condition. This provides for the first time a formal justification of the use of tree-level Drell–Yan and photon-fusion MM production processes in collider searches, and of the corresponding cross sections and MM mass bounds thereof. The latter provide a means to constrain the resummed-EFT parameters experimentally. The DS resummation applies here primarily to elementary MMs. However, this approach may also be applied to the last stage (collapse) of the formation of composite MM pairs at colliders, in case they behave as quantum excitations, with their core radius comparable to the Compton wavelength, thereby avoiding the extreme suppression of their production.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16085-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Xiong Zeng, Chen-Yu Yang, Ke-Jian He, Li-Fang Li
{"title":"Polarization images of non-topological soliton Bardeen boson stars","authors":"Xiao-Xiong Zeng, Chen-Yu Yang, Ke-Jian He, Li-Fang Li","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16176-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16176-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigate the polarized images of non-topological soliton Bardeen boson stars by solving the coupled Einstein nonlinear electrodynamics complex scalar field equations, based on the thin accretion disk model surrounding these compact objects. We focus on the influence of key parameters, including the initial scalar field, magnetic charge, observer inclination angle, and magnetic field configuration, on the resulting polarization characteristics. The results show that the geometry of the magnetic field, particularly the relative strength between the radial <span>(B_r)</span> and angular <span>(B_theta )</span> components, plays a crucial role in determining the polarization pattern. Additionally, variations in the scalar field amplitude and magnetic charge significantly affect both the intensity and spatial distribution of the polarization. These results show that the polarization morphology is sensitive to the spacetime geometry and magnetic field configuration, and provide a qualitative basis for comparing boson stars with black holes.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16176-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A quantum theory of gravity","authors":"Antonio Peña Peña","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16211-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16211-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a covariant Hamiltonian formalism in which evolution is measured along the proper-time flow of an observer congruence, replacing the external coordinate-time derivative with the Lie derivative. Our formalism keeps the Hamiltonian split between evolution and configuration variables and expresses it through spacetime tensors projected relative to the chosen congruence. After quantization, the resulting observer-congruent brackets lead to relativistic Heisenberg and Schrödinger equations whose evolution parameter is proper time. We then apply this framework to gravity by taking the projected spatial metric and its conjugate momentum as canonical variables, obtaining a complete model of canonical quantum gravity. Among the predictions of this theory we find a resolution to the singularity problems in cosmology, black holes and black hole thermodynamics.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16211-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observational signature of Reissner–Nordstr(ddot{textrm{o}})m–Tangherlini black hole","authors":"Weiqiang Yang, Mirzabek Alloqulov, Akbar Davlataliev, Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov, Bobomurat Ahmedov, Chengxun Yuan, Chen Zhou","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16175-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16175-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we investigate the observational properties of the Reissner–Nordstr<span>(ddot{textrm{o}})</span>m–Tangherlini (RNT) black hole (BH). Firstly, we briefly explore the spacetime properties of the RNT BH, including the horizon structure and scalar invariants. It was found that the values of the event horizon radius decrease with increasing BH dimension and charge. Subsequently, we explore the massive and massless particle dynamics around RNT BH. Afterwards, gravitational weak lensing is investigated for two plasma types: uniform and non-uniform. Our results show that a uniform plasma increases the deflection angle of light around an RNT BH, whereas a non-uniform plasma decreases it. Finally, we study the BH shadow and constrain the values of the spacetime parameters using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observational results.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16175-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Munyeshyaka, Praveen Kumar Dhankar, Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj, Saibal Ray, Joseph Ntahompagaze
{"title":"Redshift-space distortion in modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity","authors":"Albert Munyeshyaka, Praveen Kumar Dhankar, Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj, Saibal Ray, Joseph Ntahompagaze","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16157-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16157-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present paper, we consider both background dynamic and cosmological perturbations in the framework of modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity model (i.e. <i>f</i>(<i>G</i>)) which is effective in fitting observational datasets. We assume a specific functional form of it as <span>(f(G)=alpha G^{n})</span>, where <span>(alpha )</span> and <i>n</i> are model parameters. After studying the predictions on the expansion history as revealed by CC, CMB, BAO-DESI, Pantheon+SH0ES and Union 3.0 datasets, a suitable constraining of the cosmological parameters has been opted for. We show the linear cosmological perturbations for the full system to investigate the matter fluctuations under the covariant technique. The solutions to the coupled system of perturbation equations are then computed both in long- and short-wavelength modes, in a dust-Gauss–Bonnet fluids system. Using the redshift-space distortion (RSD) datasets consisting of <span>(fsigma _8)</span> values and MCMC simulations, we present the best-fit cosmological parameters (viz. <span>(H_0)</span>, <span>(Omega _{m0})</span>, <span>(sigma _8)</span> and <i>n</i>).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16157-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}