Animal Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Impact of GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist on GDF9 and BMP15 expression in mouse ovaries and oocyte development","authors":"Xin-Yu Guo, Yan Huang, Ying Ou, Xiao-Yan Chen, Ye-Xing Xian, Shi-Qin Chen, Su-Yan Xie","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract GnRH analogues were widely used for controlld ovary stimulation, but their effects on oocyte quality remain contradictory. This study aimed to explore the influence of GnRH analogues on oocyte quality in mice. A total of 120 mice were randomly assigned to four groups:(i)GnRH-a+PMSG group; (ii) GnRH-ant+PMSG group; (iii) PMSG group; (iv) Control group. Ovaries were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA expression, and protein expression were evaluated by western blotting. Moreover, embryo developmental progress in vitro and implantation rate in vivo were recorded. Compared with control group, both GDF9 mRNA and protein expressions were strengthened in PMSG group, but reduced in the presence of GnRH-a or GnRH-ant. The GnRH-a group exhibited decreased BMP15 mRNA expression compared to PMSG group, while the GnRH-ant group did not show the same pattern. BMP15 protein expression were not statisticlly different among the four groups. Notably, there was no statistically difference in the expression of these two factors between GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups. The percentage of zygotes progressing to the 2-cell stage and percentage of 2-cell advancing to the blastocyst stage were similar in the PMSG group and control group. However, both the GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups showed decreased embryos development rates compared to other two groups. The embryonic implantation rate in control group (53.3%) was higher than that in the GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups (33.3% and 30.8%, P<0.05). The difference between the PMSG (45.0%) and GnRHa group was statistically significant (P value of 0.023), but not between the PMSG and GnRH-ant group (P value of 0.486). No statistical difference was confirmed between GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups. Our findings shed light on the safety of GnRH analogues in ovary stimulation, and highlight the need for further research to establish optimal and effective controlled ovary stimulation protocol.","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Na/K-ATPase in thawed sperm and fertility of Angus bulls.","authors":"Juliana Carla Cavalcanti Marques, Allan Rodolf Ribeiro Cezar, Agnelo Douglas do Nascimento, Juliane Pereira da Silva, André Mariano Batista, Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra, Diogo Ribeiro Câmara","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since bull fertility prediction remains challenging, the identification of potential fertility markers is important considering the economic benefits to the livestock industry. The main goal of this study was to determine the Na/K-ATPase activity and expression in thawed sperm of high (HF)- and low-fertility (LF) Angus bulls. Samples from three different batches/bulls with HF (n = 4) and LF (n = 4) were used. The Na/K-ATPase activity was determined after thawing, whereas sperm kinematics, membrane integrity, and expression of Na/K-ATPase on sperm surface were evaluated immediately post-thaw and after 120 minutes of incubation. Within the same incubation time, there was no difference on sperm membrane integrity, kinematics, and the expression of Na/K-ATPase on the sperm surface between HF and LF bulls. Kinematic parameters of LIN and VCL were not influenced by incubation time in samples from HF and LF, respectively. A tendency (P = 0.06) of higher Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity for sperm of HF bulls compared to LF bulls was observed (0.49 ± 0.07 and 0.32 ± 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, Na/K-ATPase activity and expression in thawed sperm from Angus bulls are not related to the fertility index after fixed-time artificial insemination. However, sperm kinematics related to hyperactivation might indicate higher sperm cryotolerance for HF bulls.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 4","pages":"e20220066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10707536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational monitoring in buffalo females: detection of <i>Neospora caninum</i> by PCR.","authors":"Raúl Miguel Reyes-Sandoval, Dora Romero-Salas, Jenny Jovanna Chaparro-Gutiérrez, Anabel Cruz-Romero, Karla María López-Hernández, Miguel Ángel Lammoglia-Villagómez, Milagros González-Hernández, Marco Antonio Alarcón-Zapata, Rebeca Isabel Vergara-Reyes","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study establishes the serological frequency against <i>Neospora caninum</i> on day zero and the presence of <i>N. caninum</i> DNA surveyed throughout the gestation of <i>Bubalus bubalis</i> females in a bovine buffalo system in the central zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Blood samples were taken from 11 females in 6 different sampling periods and analyzed for <i>N. caninum</i> antibodies detection on day zero. DNA detection by PCR was performed on all sampling periods. The gestation months of the females were recorded for five trimesters by ultrasonography, as well as births and pregnancy losses. Recorded seropositivity and positivity for agent DNA were 90.9% (95% CI 58.7-9.7) and 36.3% (95% CI 10.9-69.2), respectively, on day zero. <i>N. caninum</i> DNA was detected between 18.1% (95% CI 2.3-51.7) and 45.4% (95% CI 16.7-76.6) over the five trimesters of observation, with three births and three abortions recorded. The studied water buffalo population had a high presence of <i>N. caninum</i> antibodies; however, the detection of <i>N. caninum</i> DNA remained below 47% in the females. The association was only observed in the detection of DNA with pregnant females (<i>P</i> 0.007). Our results support the hypothesis of the resistance of water buffaloes to infection and the onset of clinical signs against infection by <i>N</i>. <i>caninum</i> even upon a high possibility of infection and reinfection described in this production system in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 4","pages":"e20230052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10707539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive evaluation of Luisa, the last jaguar of the Caatinga.","authors":"Letícia Alecho Requena, Thiago Cavalheri Luczinski, Anneliese de Souza Traldi, Thyara de Deco-Souza, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araújo, Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto, Giovana Martins Miranda, Mirna Ribeiro Porto, Maitê Cardoso Coelho da Silva, Pedro Nacib Jorge","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0090","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>in situ</i> population of jaguars in the Caatinga is less than 250 individuals, subdivided into five subpopulations, and is classified as endangered regarding its risk of extinction. Luisa, a 15-year-old female weighing 36 kg, was the last known <i>ex situ</i> jaguar from this biome. Her reproductive evaluation is detailed in this manuscript. Luisa was subjected to both a clinical and laparoscopic evaluation of her reproductive system. After 45 days of reproductive investigation, she died unexpectedly, and skin fragments were taken to establish the <i>postmortem</i> fibroblast lineage. At the clinical evaluation, Luisa had small, undeveloped mammary gland and a small vulva, characteristic of a nulliparous female, with no mammary gland nodules, edema, or abnormal masses. By laparoscopy, normal-appearing bladder and bowel loops were observed, as were uterine horns with standard color, shape, and length with no striae. Ovaries and uterine horns seem free of fibrinous adhesions. Both ovaries showed a yellowish color, a fibrous consistency, a decreased size (atrophied), and no follicles, hemorrhagic corpus, corpus luteum, luteal scars, or other abnormal structures. We may assume that this jaguar female was infertile based on Luisa's mature age and the absence of birthing or ovarian activity signs. The harsh conditions of the Caatinga biome, which included low food availability and frequent conflicts with humans, may have impacted both the pregnancy and lactation of Luisa's mother and her development after birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 4","pages":"e20230090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10707538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental factors on the probability of pregnancy in early or conventionally weaned beef cows.","authors":"Ricardo Zambarda Vaz,&nbsp;José Fernando Piva Lobato,&nbsp;Javier Alexander Bethancourt-Garcia,&nbsp;Rangel Fernandes Pacheco,&nbsp;Nathália Pasi Reis,&nbsp;Dayana Bernardi Sarzi Sartori,&nbsp;Sabrina Amália Jappe,&nbsp;João Restle","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potential variables for the reproductive success of beef cows were evaluated. Included in the model were the age of the cow at calving; the interval between the Julian calving date and the end of the breeding season; the body weight and conditions at calving, at 75 days post-partum and at the end of the breeding season; and the mean daily variation in weight between these dates. Logistic regression was used in the analysis, with the parameters evaluated using the odds ratio statistic, estimating the chance of pregnancy. The mean rate of pregnancy was 84% and 55% for early and late-weaned cows, respectively. For early weaned cows, the regression variables were the Julian calving date, age of the cow, weight gain from calving to 75 days post-partum, and from 75 days post-partum to the end of the reproductive period. For late-weaned cows, there were only two regression variables, weight at calving and weight gain from calving to the end of the reproductive period. For every year above the average age of the herd, early weaned cows have an 80.9% greater chance of pregnancy, while a reduction of one year reduces the chance of pregnancy by 44.7%. In early weaned cows, every seven days after the mean Julian calving date reduces the chances of pregnancy by 22.6%, whereas every seven days before the mean calving date increases pregnancy by 29.2%. Greater gains in cow body weight, from calving to the end of the reproductive period, determine a greater probability of pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 3","pages":"e20230054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41095619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C<i>is</i>-9, <i>trans</i>-11 and <i>trans</i>-10, <i>cis</i>-12 conjugated linoleic acid gastric administration during the pregestational and gestational periods does not influence the follicular endowment of the progeny.","authors":"Danielle Storino de Freitas,&nbsp;Guilherme Antonio de Gouvêa Lopes,&nbsp;Barbara Rodrigues Nascimento,&nbsp;Ana Paula Madureira,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Almeida Campos-Junior","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0124","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal programming suggests that maternal stimulation and nutrition during the period of fetal development can program the progeny. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an isomer of linoleic acid, has been characterized in several aspects, but few studies have been performed on its involvement in reproduction and fetal programming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the F1, F2 and F3 progeny of female mice supplemented with CLA during the pregestational and gestational periods with respect to biometric and reproductive parameters, as well as ovarian morphophysiology. The F1 progeny of mothers supplemented with CLA exhibited stable weight gain, while the F2 progeny showed no effects (P=0.0187 and P=0.0245, respectively). A reduction in Lee's Index was observed in both generations at the second post-weaning evaluation week in the animals treated with CLA (P=0.0100 and P=0.0078, respectively). The F2 generation showed an increase in the anogenital index in both sexes of the animals treated with CLA (P= 0.0114 and P<0.0001, female and male respectively). CLA administration to mothers did not affect any of the following in their progeny: ovarian follicle mobilization (P>0.05), follicle number (P>0.05) and the integrated density of the lipid content of oocytes included in antral follicles (P>0.05). This study evaluated the use of CLA in mothers and found that it did not affect the progeny regarding murine reproductive performance, suggesting that this supplement can be used safely.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 3","pages":"e20220124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal analysis is a useful tool for evaluating prostate tissue remodeling caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy.","authors":"Bruna Jardim Pereira Lima,&nbsp;Gabriel Rodrigues Leal de Oliveira,&nbsp;Thainá Cavalleri Sousa,&nbsp;Ariana Musa de Aquino,&nbsp;Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo,&nbsp;Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano,&nbsp;Anthony César de Souza Castilho,&nbsp;Francis Lopes Pacagnelli,&nbsp;Francisco Eduardo Martinez,&nbsp;Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol has been widely consumed for centuries and is linked to the aggravation of diseases. Several studies have shown that excessive consumption of ethanol results in morphophysiological changes in the male reproductive system. One of the effects of ethanol is the decrease in testosterone concentration and hormonal therapies are an alternative to minimize the changes resulting from chronic alcoholism. Qualitative studies were commonly carried out to evaluate the male histopathological alterations resulting from ethanol consumption, being necessary quantitative and non-subjective techniques. This study analyzes the importance of fractal analysis as a useful tool to identify and quantify tissue remodeling in rats submitted to ethanol consumption and hormone therapy with testosterone. Prostate of animals submitted to chronic ethanol consumption showed tissue disorganization, which was confirmed by an increasing of fractal dimension. Regarding the prostatic stroma, collagen fractal dimension and quantification revealed lower values in animals that were only submitted to androgen therapy. Thus, we can conclude that the fractal analysis was a useful tool to quantify tissue changes caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 3","pages":"e20230072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrobustitis-phimosis in bulls: postoplasty technique performed with the animals in a standing position.","authors":"Monike Alves Lopes,&nbsp;Frederico Ozanam Papa","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0047","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acrobustitis is the inflammation of the distal prepuce, which can lead to a narrowing of the preputial ostium due to stenosis or growth of fibrous tissue after an inflammatory reaction. This condition usually occurs in cattle with long prepuce, such as Zebu or Zebu's crossbreeds, leading the animal to Impotentia Coeundi, this condition is characterized by the bull's disability to copulate, that leads to lower herd fertility and consequent financial losses. Normally, corrective surgeries are performed on-farm and the animal is placed in a lateral recumbency. However, in some situations the animal is restrained with ropes and remains on the grass, dirt or even on uneven floors, which can cause neuropathies, bloat or hypoxia. Due to a series of complications that can occur in the postoperative period of surgery in the lateral recumbency, this article aims to describe the surgical technique for correcting acrobustitis with the animal in a standing position. Ten corrective surgeries for acrobustitis were performed in adult bulls between 4 and 8 years of age and predominantly of zebu or crossbreeds, with a total recovery of the animals for full reproductive activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 3","pages":"e20230047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41100042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal contributions to pregnancy success: from gamete quality to uterine environment.","authors":"Anna Carolina Denicol,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo Bruno Siqueira","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0085","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy that goes to term is <i>sine qua non</i> for the long-term sustainability of dairy and beef cattle operations. The oocyte plays a critical role in providing the factors necessary for preimplantation embryonic development. Furthermore, the female, or maternal, environment where oocytes and embryos develop is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy to term. During folliculogenesis, the oocyte must sequentially acquire meiotic and developmental competence, which are the results of a series of molecular events preparing the highly specialized gamete to return to totipotency after fertilization. Given that folliculogenesis is a lengthy process in the cow, the occurrence of disease, metabolic imbalances, heat stress, or other adverse events can make it challenging to maintain oocyte quality. Following fertilization, the newly formed embryo must execute a tightly planned program that includes global DNA remodeling, activation of the embryonic genome, and cell fate decisions to form a blastocyst within a few days and cell divisions. The increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies creates an additional layer of complexity to ensure the highest oocyte and embryo quality given that <i>in vitro</i> systems do not faithfully recreate the physiological maternal environment. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular factors and events known to be crucial for proper oocyte development and maturation, as well as adverse events that may negatively affect the oocyte; and the importance of the uterine environment, including signaling proteins in the maternal-embryonic interactions that ensure proper embryo development. We also discuss the impact of assisted reproductive technologies in oocyte and embryo quality and developmental potential, and considerations when looking into the prospects for developing systems that allow for <i>in vitro</i> gametogenesis as a tool for assisted reproduction in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 2","pages":"e20230085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10340090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and genome editing to support a sustainable livestock.","authors":"Alejo Menchaca","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0074","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and genome engineering to improve livestock production systems for the contribution of global sustainability. Most ruminant production systems are conducted on grassland conditions, as is the case of South American countries that are leaders in meat and milk production worldwide with a well-established grass-feed livestock. These systems have many strengths from an environmental perspective and consumer preferences but requires certain improvements to enhance resource efficiency. Reproductive performance is one of the main challenges particularly in cow-calf operations that usually are conducted under adverse conditions and thus ART can make a great contribution. Fixed-time artificial insemination is applied in South America in large scale programs as 20 to 30% of cows receive this technology every year in each country, with greater calving rate and significant herd genetic gain occurred in this region. Sexed semen has also been increasingly implemented, enhancing resource efficiency by a) obtaining desired female replacement and improving animal welfare by avoiding newborn male sacrifice in dairy industry, or b) alternatively producing male calves for beef industry. <i>In vitro</i> embryo production has been massively applied, with this region showing the greatest number of embryos produced worldwide leading to significant improvement in herd genetics and productivity. Although the contribution of these technologies is considerable, further improvements will be required for a significant livestock transformation and novel biotechnologies such as genome editing are already available. Through the CRISPR/Cas-based system it is possible to enhance food yield and quality, avoid animal welfare concerns, overcome animal health threats, and control pests and invasive species harming food production. In summary, a significant enhancement in livestock productivity and resource efficiency can be made through reproductive technologies and genome editing, improving at the same time profitability for farmers, and global food security and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"20 2","pages":"e20230074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10340085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}