Animal Cognition最新文献_第8页

Red-backed Shrikes (Lanius collurio) resist acoustic mimicry by the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) 红背伯劳鸟（Lanius collurio）抵抗普通杜鹃（Cuculus canorus）的声音模仿。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02029-x

Agnieszka Sulej, Iris Charalambidou, Artur Golawski

{"title":"Red-backed Shrikes (Lanius collurio) resist acoustic mimicry by the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus)","authors":"Agnieszka Sulej, Iris Charalambidou, Artur Golawski","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02029-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02029-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The vocal mimicry exhibited by female Common Cuckoos (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>), specifically their imitation of raptor calls, has been proposed as a strategy to reduce aggression from host species. Although this hypothesis has been challenged by studies using visual models of cuckoos and hawks, playback-only experiments support the idea of vocal mimicry, i.e. that cuckoo (brood parasite) calls may acoustically mimic those of predators. In this study, we tested the responses of the Red-backed Shrike (<i>Lanius collurio</i>), a known host species, to three types of acoustic stimuli: the female cuckoo’s “bubbling call” (which mimics a predator), the call of the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (<i>Accipiter nisus</i>), and a control call from the Eurasian Collared Dove (<i>Streptopelia decaocto</i>). Playback experiments were conducted both on the breeding grounds in Poland and during migration in Cyprus. Our results revealed that while both cuckoo and sparrowhawk calls elicited behavioural responses, these reactions were clearly distinct. Shrikes responded to sparrowhawk calls by hiding, indicative of predator avoidance, whereas cuckoo calls triggered alertness or approach behaviours. Notably, no response to cuckoo calls was observed during migration, outside the breeding context. This seasonal variation, along with the limited defensive response to cuckoo calls, indicates that vocal mimicry in this context may not serve a protective function. Instead, our findings highlight the shrikes’ nuanced ability to discriminate between acoustic stimuli and respond adaptively based on ecological context. These findings challenge the broad applicability of the predator mimicry hypothesis in cuckoos and emphasise the need for further comparative studies involving diverse host species and multimodal (audiovisual) stimuli.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02029-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neophilia in wolves and dogs 狼和狗的新欢。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02019-z

Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Lou Gonnet-dit-Revel, Friederike Range, Sabine Tebbich, Sarah Marshall-Pescini

{"title":"Neophilia in wolves and dogs","authors":"Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Lou Gonnet-dit-Revel, Friederike Range, Sabine Tebbich, Sarah Marshall-Pescini","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02019-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02019-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of domestication provides a unique opportunity to analyze the effects of natural selection in the attraction towards novelty, because selective pressures on domesticated animals are often greatly diminished or different from their wild counterparts. In this study, we investigated the neophilic levels of three groups of canids differing in their level of contact with human environments both from an evolutionary and ontogenetic perspective: wolves, pack-living dogs, and pet dogs. In order to study their neophilic response, we presented the animals with two objects. The first of these objects was displayed in the animals’ enclosure for several days. After the animals were habituated to this first object, the second one was introduced together with the first one in a shorter test session meant to explore their preferences for either of the objects. We predicted that dogs —and pet dogs in particular— to display higher levels of neophilia, because human-created environments tend to change at a faster pace, and thus, a higher drive to explore these changes would be more beneficial than in a comparably more stable environment. Our results show no apparent differences between the groups in terms of latency to approach the new object, nor in the identity of the object they approached first. Nonetheless, all groups interacted more with the new object during the test phase. Wolves also interacted longer with the object presented in the first phase of the experiment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02019-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chimpanzees’ working memory is not affected by the presence and activity of zoo visitors 黑猩猩的工作记忆不受动物园游客的存在和活动的影响。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02014-4

Aurélien Frick, Emma Suvi McEwen, Amanda M. Seed

{"title":"Chimpanzees’ working memory is not affected by the presence and activity of zoo visitors","authors":"Aurélien Frick, Emma Suvi McEwen, Amanda M. Seed","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02014-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02014-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive research in non-human primates is increasingly conducted in zoos, where zoo visitors are likely to be present and observe the testing sessions. Previous zoo research has shown that such presence can modulate cognitive performance in monkeys, but similar investigations on great apes are still lacking. Here, we investigated the influence of the presence and activity level of zoo visitors on eight chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) while they completed a working memory task with various difficulty levels. We also recorded whether their conspecifics were present or not in the testing area, and their approximate physical distance. We found that the presence and activity level of the visitors had no effect on chimpanzees’ working memory, regardless of the cognitive demands of the task. Similarly, the presence of conspecifics and how far they were from the individual being tested was not found to significantly influence performance either. These non-significant effects were supported by Bayesian analyses giving support for the null hypotheses. These results suggest that zoo-living chimpanzees are not distracted by visitors when completing a cognitive task. We suggest new directions to further explore social presence effects in great apes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02014-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review on the effect of individual characteristics and management practices on equine cognition 个体特征和管理实践对马认知影响的系统综述。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02016-2

Claire Ricci-Bonot, Kimberly Brosche, Paolo Baragli, Christine Nicol

{"title":"A systematic review on the effect of individual characteristics and management practices on equine cognition","authors":"Claire Ricci-Bonot, Kimberly Brosche, Paolo Baragli, Christine Nicol","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Equine cognition is relevant to the many roles that horses serve in society, such as leisure riding, competitions, or even animal-assisted therapy. Equine cognitive abilities have been explored in recent years. However, gaining an overview of horse cognition is challenging due to the broad range of abilities studied and the diverse methodologies employed. In addition, the subjects of existing equine cognition studies vary greatly in contextual factors such as their breed, age, sex, and management conditions – each of which may influence test performance in the following cognitive categories: Discrimination Learning; Learning Sets, Categorisation and Concept Formation; Spatial Cognition; Social Learning; and Memory. The aims of this review were (1) to establish whether contextual information was provided in research articles on horse cognition, (2) to tabulate information on the characteristics, housing, and management of subjects used in different categories of cognitive test, (3) to provide an overview of cognitive abilities demonstrated by horses, i.e., the results obtained in cognitive tests, with a specific emphasis on the contextual factors shaping them. The results of this review highlighted important points for future research. Better reporting of subject characteristics in scientific publications would enable investigation of the factors which shape horses’ cognitive abilities, and the use of standardized methods and procedures across studies would facilitate future comparative work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02016-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145601708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wild jackdaws recognise the contact calls of their mate 野生寒鸦能识别配偶的联系叫声。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02020-6

Victoria E. Lee, Guillam E. McIvor, Alex Thornton

{"title":"Wild jackdaws recognise the contact calls of their mate","authors":"Victoria E. Lee, Guillam E. McIvor, Alex Thornton","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In stable social environments, the ability to recognise other group members and integrate individual cues with previous experience is likely to be beneficial in mediating social interactions. Under these conditions, selection for individual discrimination and learning of conspecific vocalisations is expected. Recognition may be particularly important in structured societies in which individuals form enduring pair bonds and coordinate biparental care. Many corvids, famed for their sophisticated cognitive abilities, form long-term pair bonds and are considered ideal subjects for investigating the cognitive mechanisms associated with pair bonding; however, evidence that corvids individually recognise their partner under natural conditions remains limited. Here, we tested whether wild jackdaws (<i>Corvus monedula</i>), a colonial corvid, discriminate between the contact calls of individual conspecifics. Incubating females were presented with contact call playbacks from their long-term breeding partner, a male from a neighbouring nest, and an unfamiliar male. Females were quicker to respond to the calls of their partner, providing evidence of mate recognition in corvids in the wild.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02020-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145601726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and new opportunities in deciphering the meaning of corvid call sequences 鸦科呼叫序列解译的挑战与新机遇。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02015-3

Ambre Salis, Killian Martin, Cédric Girard-Buttoz

{"title":"Challenges and new opportunities in deciphering the meaning of corvid call sequences","authors":"Ambre Salis, Killian Martin, Cédric Girard-Buttoz","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to their complex social systems and remarkable cognitive abilities, corvids are interesting candidates for large scale comparative research on the meaning of animal calls. However, research on corvid communication has primarily focused on individual signatures or mimicry capabilities, and investigations into the meaning of their calls have yielded comparatively fewer results. This discrepancy can be attributed to several challenges faced by researchers, including difficulties in identifying the units that convey meaning, accurately determining the specific context associated with a call, and the limitations of traditional playback methods when applied to species with extensive repertoires and considerable flexibility in call sequences. In this review, we outline a series of emerging research avenues—recently explored in other songbirds and mammals—that may prove valuable for researchers seeking to understand the meaning behind corvid call sequences. We specifically address the various approaches to identify meaning-bearing units; the strategies for refining the definition of ‘context’ in the assessment of corvids’ repertoires; and the novel protocols and methods that offer alternative perspectives on meaning, beyond the classical playback experimental approaches that were historically used to assess the meaning of calls or call sequences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02015-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145601716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is dogs’ tendency to follow human misleading communicative cues influenced by humans’ auditory perspective? 狗遵循人类误导性交流线索的倾向是否受到人类听觉视角的影响？

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02028-y

Lucrezia Lonardo, Victoria Berndl, Christoph J. Völter, Ludwig Huber

{"title":"Is dogs’ tendency to follow human misleading communicative cues influenced by humans’ auditory perspective?","authors":"Lucrezia Lonardo, Victoria Berndl, Christoph J. Völter, Ludwig Huber","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02028-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02028-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studying Theory of Mind in non-verbal populations requires designing tasks that address the distinction between responding based on directly perceivable cues and additionally inferring others’ mental states. We designed and pre-registered an auditory version of a non-verbal change-of-location task, to investigate whether dogs are sensitive to a human communicator’s mental states about the location of food. With control conditions we ruled out alternative cognitive processes such as associative learning. Dogs (<i>N</i> = 240) could witness that food was hidden first in one opaque bucket (A) and then relocated to a second opaque bucket (B) by an experimenter. Before being allowed to retrieve the food from one of the buckets, dogs received a misleading suggestion (A) from the communicator, who could not see the scene. In all conditions, the communicator could hear food being hidden in A, due to the presence of bells on the lid of this bucket. We manipulated whether she could also hear that food was removed from A and relocated to B (true belief) or not (silent bells on B, leading to her false belief). Importantly, in both conditions the communicator behaved identically (present in the room, suggesting A). Dogs’ responses were not statistically different from those of a previous study using a similar change-of-location task in the visual domain (Lonardo et al. <i>288</i>(1955), 2021, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0906). Dogs’ choices in the present study, however, did not differ significantly across conditions, suggesting that any auditory perspective-taking ability they might possess did not have a sufficiently large effect to be detected in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145585814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02012-6

Gema Martin-Ordas

{"title":"Relational similarity in wild bumblebees: the role of spatial alignment complexity","authors":"Gema Martin-Ordas","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02012-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02012-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Being able to abstract relations of similarity is considered one of the hallmarks of human cognition. Importantly, previous research has shown that other animals—both vertebrates (e.g., primates) and invertebrates (e.g., bees)— are capable of spontaneously attending to relational similarity in spatial mapping tasks. These tasks require individuals to find a reward in an array of, for example, three objects, after observing a reward being hidden in a different array of three objects. Studies with primates have shown that performance in this type of task is influenced by the distribution of the objects in the arrays. Here I investigated whether wild bumblebees’ relational abilities are also affected by the spatial complexity of the arrays (i.e., three horizontally aligned stimuli). In Experiment 1, bees were presented with two arrays separately: in one condition, the arrays were placed next to each other (forming a line) and in the other, the arrays were placed in two different rows. In Experiment 2, the two arrays were also placed in two rows, but the rows were misaligned. Bees succeeded in both Experiments and in the three different distributions of the arrays. The results suggest that bees were comparing the two arrays and recognized the common relational features in both arrays. Studies like the ones presented here highlight the importance of studying social insects to understand the evolution of cognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02012-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145538662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Asian elephants plan for mutually-exclusive outcomes? 亚洲象会为相互排斥的结果做计划吗？

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02009-1

Sydney F. Hope, Sangpa Dittakul, Marnoch Yindee, Taweepoke Angkawanish, Joshua M. Plotnik

{"title":"Do Asian elephants plan for mutually-exclusive outcomes?","authors":"Sydney F. Hope, Sangpa Dittakul, Marnoch Yindee, Taweepoke Angkawanish, Joshua M. Plotnik","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02009-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02009-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to prepare for mutually-exclusive outcomes is critical for future planning. Recently, the thought that this ability may be unique to humans has been questioned. Even if non-human animals cannot <i>individually</i> plan for mutually-exclusive outcomes, groups of individuals may be able to coordinate their behavior to do so <i>collectively</i>. Here, we tested 12 Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>), both individually and in pairs, using a forked tube task—adapted from one used with children and non-human apes—where a food reward is dropped down a tube and exits from one of two openings. The consistent, simultaneous covering of both openings to obtain the reward is evidence of an understanding of mutually-exclusive outcomes. One elephant—Nammei—learned to manipulate her trunk in a scooping motion to autonomously cover both openings, and then performed this behavior relatively consistently to successfully obtain the food reward at a rate significantly greater than chance (61.5%). In addition, pairs of elephants obtained the food reward at a rate significantly greater than that at which individuals could do by chance (i.e., either elephant ate the food in 60.1% of pair trials). However, Nammei eventually reverted to covering only one opening, and pairs did not achieve complete coordination—in fact, both openings were covered in only 35.0% of pair trials. Therefore, our results fall short of providing compelling evidence for either individual or collective planning for mutually-exclusive outcomes in elephants. However, the interesting behaviors that we observed suggest that this is a promising area for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02009-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decision-making in shoaling: zebrafish integrate cues of familiarity and group size 鱼群决策：斑马鱼整合熟悉度和群体规模的线索。

IF 2.1 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-025-02008-2

William T. Swaney, Amy Jose, Chelsie Hirons-Major, Adam R. Reddon

{"title":"Decision-making in shoaling: zebrafish integrate cues of familiarity and group size","authors":"William T. Swaney, Amy Jose, Chelsie Hirons-Major, Adam R. Reddon","doi":"10.1007/s10071-025-02008-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-025-02008-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social groups vary in the benefits that they offer to individuals through characteristics such as group size and composition, and consequently individual animals often exhibit preferences for groups with properties indicating greater benefits for members. Animals choosing between social groups may have to balance different preferences and integrate information about multiple group features to make optimal decisions and select the group that offers the greatest net benefit. We investigated how preferences for familiar individuals and for larger groups interact in the decision-making of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) given a choice between two conspecific shoals. Adult subjects were given a series of choice tests with a shoal of four familiar fish, and a shoal of between four to eight unfamiliar fish. Subjects were tested on their preferences to spend time in proximity to the two shoals, and to interact with them. Zebrafish preferred to interact with the familiar shoal when both shoals comprised four individuals, however they did not show a preference for either shoal when choosing between four familiar fish and either five or six unfamiliar fish. When choosing between four familiar fish and either seven or eight unfamiliar fish, zebrafish showed clear preferences for the larger unfamiliar shoals over the familiar shoals. Our findings establish that zebrafish evaluate both the size and familiarity status of conspecific shoals, and integrate these multiple sources of information into social decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-025-02008-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0