Animal Cognition最新文献_第7页

Background predation risk induces anxiety-like behaviour and predator neophobia in zebrafish 背景捕食风险会诱发斑马鱼的焦虑行为和捕食者恐新症。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z

Himal Thapa, Arash Salahinejad, Adam L. Crane, Ahmad Ghobeishavi, Maud C. O. Ferrari

{"title":"Background predation risk induces anxiety-like behaviour and predator neophobia in zebrafish","authors":"Himal Thapa, Arash Salahinejad, Adam L. Crane, Ahmad Ghobeishavi, Maud C. O. Ferrari","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prey face a major challenge in balancing predator avoidance with other essential activities. In environments with high risk, prey may exhibit neophobia (fear of novelty) due to the increased likelihood of novel stimuli being dangerous. The zebrafish, <i>Danio rerio</i>, is an established model organism for many scientific studies. Although spatial and object neophobia in zebrafish have received previous attention, little is known about the role of background risk in inducing neophobia in zebrafish. Here, we present two experiments using zebrafish to explore whether background predation risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour in a novel environment and neophobic responses when exposed to a novel odour. Over five days, we repeatedly exposed zebrafish to either high background risk in the form of chemical alarm cues (i.e., injured conspecific cues that indicate a predator attack) or a low-risk water control stimulus. In Experiment 1, when tested in a novel tank, zebrafish exposed to high predation risk displayed anxiety-like responses (reduced activity and increased bottom time spent) compared to their low-risk counterparts. Moreover, high-risk individuals showed reduced intra-session habituation to the novel tank compared to low-risk individuals. In Experiment 2, high-risk individuals exhibited fear responses toward a novel odour, unlike low-risk individuals. These results reveal that short-term repeated exposures to high risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour and predator odour neophobia in zebrafish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When does metacognition evolve in the opt-out paradigm? 元认知在选择退出范式中何时发展？

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5

Robin Watson

{"title":"When does metacognition evolve in the opt-out paradigm?","authors":"Robin Watson","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metacognition (awareness of one’s own knowledge) is taken for granted in humans, but its evolution in non-human animals is not well understood. While there is experimental evidence of seemingly metacognitive judgements across species, studies rarely focus on why metacognition may have evolved. To address this, I present an evolutionary model of the opt-out paradigm, a common experiment used to assess animal’s metacognition. Individuals are repeatedly presented with a task or problem and must decide between opting-out and receiving a fixed payoff or opting-in and receiving a larger reward if they successfully solve the task. Two evolving traits – bias and metacognition – jointly determine whether individuals opt-in. The task’s reward, the mean probability of success and the variability in success across trials, and the cost of metacognition were varied. Results identify two scenarios where metacognition evolves: (1) environments where success variability is high; and (2) environments where mean success is low, but rewards are high. Overall, the results support predictions implicating uncertainty in the evolution of metacognition but suggest metacognition may also evolve in conditions where metacognition can be used to identify cases where an otherwise inaccessible high payoff is easy to acquire.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring horses’ (Equus caballus) gaze and asymmetric ear position in relation to human attentional cues 探索马匹（Equus caballus）的凝视和不对称耳位与人类注意力线索的关系

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y

Gabriela Barrera, Anna Albiach-Serrano, Federico Guillén-Salazar

{"title":"Exploring horses’ (Equus caballus) gaze and asymmetric ear position in relation to human attentional cues","authors":"Gabriela Barrera, Anna Albiach-Serrano, Federico Guillén-Salazar","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies have shown that horses are sensitive to human attentional cues. Also, there is some evidence that they might be able to infer the knowledge state of a human and communicate intentionally with us. However, this ability is not fully characterized and certain behaviors, like gaze, asymmetric ears position or vocalizations, which could work as attention-getting behaviors, have been scarcely studied in this context. The aim of the present study was to assess whether horses’ gaze toward a person, asymmetric ears position and vocalizations are subject to audience effects and adjust to human attentional cues, which would suggest a communicative function. For this purpose, we adapted a protocol used with domestic dogs [Kaminski et al. 2017] and observed horses’ spontaneous behavior (gaze, asymmetric ears position and vocalizations) in the presence of a human holding and not holding food in an attentive position (facing the horse with open eyes) and in a non-attentive position (with her back turned towards the horse). We found significant evidence of horses being sensitive to human attentional cues (reflected in the horses’ gaze duration and asymmetric position of the ears), but not of intentional communication towards humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of pre-session discrimination training on performance in a judgement bias test in dogs 会前辨别力训练对狗的判断偏差测试成绩的影响

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2

Joseph Krahn, Amin Azadian, Camila Cavalli, Julia Miller, Alexandra Protopopova

{"title":"Effect of pre-session discrimination training on performance in a judgement bias test in dogs","authors":"Joseph Krahn, Amin Azadian, Camila Cavalli, Julia Miller, Alexandra Protopopova","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial judgement bias tests (JBTs) can involve teaching animals that a bowl provides a reward in one location but does not in another. The animal is then presented with the bowl placed between the rewarded and the unrewarded locations (i.e., ambiguous locations) and their latency to approach reflects expectation of reward or ‘optimism’. Some suggest that greater ‘optimism’ indicates better welfare. Performance in JBTs, however, may also indicate a learning history independently from welfare determinants. We hypothesized that dogs’ ‘optimism’ in a follow-up JBT may be impacted by a learning treatment involving additional trials of a different discrimination task. Once enrolled, companion dogs (<i>n</i> = 16) were required to complete three study phases: (1) a pre-treatment JBT, (2) a learning treatment, and (3) a post-treatment JBT. During the JBTs, dogs were presented with five locations: one rewarded, one unrewarded, and three ambiguous (all unrewarded). Dogs were randomly assigned to a trial-based learning task—a nose-touch to the palm of the hand. In the Experimental discrimination treatment phase (<i>n</i> = 8), dogs were presented with two hands in each trial and only rewarded for touching one specific hand. In the Control treatment phase (<i>n</i> = 8), dogs were presented with one hand per trial in alternating sequence and were yoked to dogs in the Experimental group to receive the same number of rewarded and unrewarded trials (to control for possible frustration). Using a repeated measures mixed model with JBT repeated within dog, we found no difference in the change in approach latency to the ambiguous locations between the dogs across treatments. ‘Optimism’ as measured in this JBT was not altered by the additional discrimination trials used in our study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Are lateralized and bold fish optimistic or pessimistic? 更正：横向大胆的鱼是乐观还是悲观？

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01894-2

Flavia Berlinghieri, Gabriele Rizzuto, Lara Kruizinga, Bernd Riedstra, Ton G. G. Groothuis, Culum Brown

引用次数: 0

The problem with two-event sequence learning by pigeons 鸽子的双事件序列学习问题。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01906-1

Thomas R. Zentall, Daniel N. Peng

{"title":"The problem with two-event sequence learning by pigeons","authors":"Thomas R. Zentall, Daniel N. Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01906-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01906-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bonobos appear to show little evidence of learning to make one response (R1) to an AB sequence and a different response (R2) to sequences BB, AA, and BA (Lind et al. PLoS ONE 18(9):e0290546, 2023), yet under different conditions, pigeons can learn this (Weisman et al. Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 6(4):312, 1980). Aspects of the bonobo procedure may have contributed to this failure. Most important, no response was required in the presence of the stimuli to encourage attention to them. Furthermore, learning to make one response to the target sequence and another to the other sequences involves a bias that allows for better than chance responding. With the two-alternative forced-choice procedure used with the bonobos, the R1 response is correct for one sequence, whereas the R2 response is correct for three sequences. To correct for this, there are three times as many AB trials as each of the other sequences. However, this correction allows a bias to develop in which reinforcement often can be obtained by using only the last stimulus seen as the basis of choice (e.g., when the last stimulus is B respond R1 when the last stimulus is A respond R2). This solution yields reinforcement on five out of six, or 83%, of the trials. In the present experiment with pigeons, using this two-alternative forced choice procedure, most subjects tended to base their choice on the last-seen stimulus. This design allowed subjects to use a suboptimal but relatively effective choice strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Idiosyncratic gesture use in a mother-infant dyad in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the wild 野外黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii）在母婴关系中的手势使用。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01904-3

Bas van Boekholt, Isabelle Clark, Nicole J. Lahiff, Kevin C. Lee, Katie E. Slocombe, Claudia Wilke, Simone Pika

{"title":"Idiosyncratic gesture use in a mother-infant dyad in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the wild","authors":"Bas van Boekholt, Isabelle Clark, Nicole J. Lahiff, Kevin C. Lee, Katie E. Slocombe, Claudia Wilke, Simone Pika","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01904-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01904-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One promising method to tackle the question, “In which modality did language evolve?” is by studying the ontogenetic trajectory of signals in human’s closest living relatives, including chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes)</i>. Concerning gestures, current debates centre on four different hypotheses: “<i>phylogenetic ritualization</i>”, “<i>social transmission through imitation</i>”, “<i>ontogenetic ritualization</i>”, and “<i>social negotiation</i>”. These differ in their predictions regarding idiosyncratic gestures, making such occurrences a crucial area of investigation. Here, we describe a novel and potential idiosyncratic behaviour — ‘hand-on-eye’ — which was initially observed in one mother-infant dyad in a community of chimpanzees living in the wild. We systematically investigated the form, sequential organisation, intentionality, usage, function, and distribution of the behaviour over a five-year period. The results showed that ‘hand-on-eye’ was nearly exclusively deployed in a single mother-infant dyad, was accompanied by hallmarks of intentionality, and served to initiate or resume joint dorsal travel. Although the behaviour was observed once in each of three other mother-infant dyads, these lacked the same frequency and hallmarks of intentionality. ‘Hand-on-eye’ thus qualifies as an idiosyncratic gesture. The proposed developmental pathway gives support to both the “<i>ontogenetic ritualization</i>” and “<i>social negotiation</i>” hypotheses. It also stresses the crucial need for longitudinal approaches to tackle developmental processes that are triggered by unique circumstances and unfold over relatively long time windows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From small to tall: breed-varied household pet dogs can be trained to detect Parkinson’s Disease 从小到大：可以训练不同品种的家养宠物狗来检测帕金森病。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01902-5

Lisa Holt, Samuel V. Johnston

{"title":"From small to tall: breed-varied household pet dogs can be trained to detect Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"Lisa Holt, Samuel V. Johnston","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01902-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01902-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a clinically diagnosed disease that carries a reported misdiagnosis rate of 10–20%. Recent scientific discoveries have provided evidence of volatile organic compounds in sebum that are unique to patients with PD. The primary objective of this study was to determine if companion dogs could be trained to distinguish between sebum samples provided by PD-positive patients and PD-negative human controls. This was a randomized, handler-blind, controlled study. Twenty-three canines of varying breeds, ages, and environmental backgrounds were included. The study period encompassed 200 total working days from 2021 to 2022. Factors investigated included donor gender and levodopa drug affectivity, as well as canine breed, age, and duration of training time. The findings in this study were compiled from data collected during the final two years of a seven-year research program. For this two-year reporting period, when averaged as a group, the 23 dogs were 89% sensitive and 87% specific to olfactory distinction between PD-positive and PD-negative human donor samples. Ten of the twenty-three dogs averaged 90% or higher in both sensitivity and specificity. In 161 separate trials, a dog was presented with both novel PD-positive and PD-negative samples. For these novel exposures, the dogs collectively averaged 86% sensitivity and 89% specificity. PD medication was also investigated and was found to have no discernible impact on canine sensitivity or specificity results. Study findings support the application of companion dogs, trained with force-free, reward-based methodologies, for the detection of PD-positive and PD-negative samples under controlled conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for the communicative function of human-directed gazing in 6- to 7-week-old dog puppies 6-7周大的幼犬在人类引导下凝视的交流功能证据。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01898-y

Stefanie Riemer, Alina Bonorand, Lisa Stolzlechner

{"title":"Evidence for the communicative function of human-directed gazing in 6- to 7-week-old dog puppies","authors":"Stefanie Riemer, Alina Bonorand, Lisa Stolzlechner","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01898-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01898-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In human infants, the ability to show gaze alternations between an object of interest and another individual is considered fundamental to the development of complex social-cognitive abilities. Here we show that well-socialised dog puppies show gaze alternations in two contexts at an early age, 6–7 weeks. Thus, 69.4% of puppies in a novel object test and 45.59% of puppies during an unsolvable task alternated their gaze at least once between a person’s face and the object. In both contexts, the frequency of gaze alternations was positively correlated with the duration of whimpering, supporting the communicative nature of puppies’ gazing. Furthermore, the number of gaze alternations in the two contexts was correlated, indicating an underlying propensity for gazing at humans despite likely different motivations in the two contexts. Similar to humans, and unlike great apes or wolves, domestic dogs show gaze alternations from an early age if they are well-socialised. They appear to have a genetic preparedness to communicate with humans via gaze alternations early in ontogeny, but they may need close contact with humans for this ability to emerge, highlighting the interactive effects of domestication and environmental factors on behavioural development in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dogs distinguish authentic human emotions without being empathic 狗狗能分辨人类的真实情感，但不会产生共鸣。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01899-x

Juliane Bräuer, Dorothea Eichentopf, Nomi Gebele, Louise Jandke, Veronique Mann, Katharina Schulte, Yana Bender

{"title":"Dogs distinguish authentic human emotions without being empathic","authors":"Juliane Bräuer, Dorothea Eichentopf, Nomi Gebele, Louise Jandke, Veronique Mann, Katharina Schulte, Yana Bender","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01899-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01899-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several recent studies have investigated how dogs perceive human emotional expressions. They have measured the reactions of dogs when exposed to stimuli presented in different modalities, such as photographs, audio recordings or odor samples, or to humans simulating various emotional situations. In the current study, dog owners were manipulated to genuinely experience emotions of happiness, sadness, and neutrality. We measured how dogs responded to their owners’ authentic emotions in two different natural situations: induction of the emotion through a video clip and training of a new task. Through a detailed analysis of dog behavior in these naturalistic settings, we investigated whether dogs show behavioral responses to genuine human emotions. We found that dogs behaved differently depending on the owner’s emotional state: they gazed and jumped less at owners when they were sad, and their compliance with the ‘sit’ command was also diminished. When owners were happy, dogs performed better in the trained task. These results are discussed in light of how dogs perceive human emotional expressions and the adaptive value of this skill.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0