American heart journal最新文献

{"title":"Differences in Clinical Outcomes Between Non-Obese Caucasian and African American Populations Who Have Diabetes, A Nation-Wide Study","authors":"Sindhu Kishore M.D.,&nbsp;Leonid Khokhlov M.D.,&nbsp;Sila Mateo Faxas MD.,&nbsp;Mehwish Kishore M.D.,&nbsp;Kamal Shemisa M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DM is a metabolic disease that is closely linked with ethnicity. There is limited data on its outcomes in different racial groups. Controlling DM will mitigate the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to compare differences in clinical outcomes in non-obese Caucasian and African American (AA) populations with DM. Conducted as an observational study, it utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2017 to 2020 focusing on non-obese adults over 18 years, with a BMI &lt;30 kg/m^2, and DM diagnosis, excluding those under 18, obese or without DM. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, GIB, mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and total cost. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses determined the clinical outcomes, considering a p-value &lt;0.05 significant. Among 22,300,000 non-obese adults with DM, 64.2% were Caucasians, 18.8% were AA, 13.3% were Hispanics, 3.5% were Asians, and the remaining population belonged to other ethnicities. This study revealed higher rates in the Caucasians for conditions like metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, HTN, A.fib, PVD, ACS, severe sepsis, and COPD. The AA were seen to have a higher incidence of anemia, DKA, pHTN, HF, AKI, CKD, stroke, and PE. In terms of the primary outcome, Caucasians had more in-hospital mortality than the AA, but the results were not statistically significant. Results for the secondary outcomes were variable as seen in Table 1. The findings undermine the importance of racial differences in such conditions and more in-depth studies are needed to extrapolate the gaps in care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obicetrapib Demonstrates Significant Deductions of LP(A) on Top of High-Intensity Statins","authors":"S. Tsimikas,&nbsp;X. Yang,&nbsp;A. Hsieh,&nbsp;M. Ditmarsch,&nbsp;M. Davidson,&nbsp;J. Kastelein","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> Elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] leads to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There are no pharmacologic therapies approved for reducing Lp(a). Previous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors and approved lipid agents have modest Lp(a) effects. We examined the effects of obicetrapib, a novel CETP inhibitor, on Lp(a).</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> ROSE1 and ROSE2 are phase 2 trials of obicetrapib on top of high-intensity statins by persons without CVD and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol &gt;70 mg/dL. In ROSE1 120 subjects received 5 or 10 mg obicetrapib or placebo; in ROSE2 119 received 10 mg obicetrapib, 10 mg obicetrapib + 10 mg ezetimibe or placebo. Lp(a) was measured by immunoturbidimetry in ROSE1 and by the UCSD isoform independent assay using monoclonal antibody LPA-KIV9 in ROSE2.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> Median baseline Lp(a) for 10 mg obicetrapib and placebo was 29.9 and 45.3 nmol/L in ROSE1 and 44.0 and 37.8 nmol/L in ROSE2, respectively. Median % changes from baseline for obicetrapib 10 mg and placebo, respectively, were -56.5 and +4.00 in ROSE1 and -47.2 and +2.3 in ROSE2. Pooled (N=127) median difference in % change corrected for placebo was 57.1% (p&lt;0.001). In both trials &gt;50% of obicetrapib subjects had a &gt;60% reduction in Lp(a).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Obicetrapib 10 mg on top of high-intensity statin significantly lowered Lp(a) by 57% vs. placebo in a pooled analysis, a substantially greater reduction than with proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors (15-30%), niacin (30%) or other CETP inhibitors (25%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obicetrapib Does Not Accumulate in Adipose Tissue: Results from Studies in Man and Non-Human Primates","authors":"J. Kastelein,&nbsp;M. Ditmarsch,&nbsp;A. Hsieh,&nbsp;M. Dicklin,&nbsp;M. Davidson","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> Previous CETP inhibitors were highly lipophilic with logP of 7.2–9.2, leading to adipose tissue accumulation in the case of anacetrapib. In contrast, obicetrapib is characterized by a logP of 4.9 and terminal half-life of ∼135 hours. Studies in monkeys and humans were undertaken to determine the definitive elimination of obicetrapib.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> Obicetrapib was administered at doses up to 50 mg/kg/day in cynomolgus monkeys. A phase 1 trial administered doses of 1-25 mg to healthy humans, and 3 placebo-controlled, phase 2 studies in dyslipidemic humans administered obicetrapib (on background statin therapy) at 5 or 10 mg/d for 8 weeks (ROSE; n=120), 10 mg/d monotherapy or with ezetimibe for 12 weeks (ROSE2; n=119), and 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/d for 8 weeks (Japan; n=102). Plasma concentrations of obicetrapib were measured during the studies and post-treatment.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> In monkeys, obicetrapib was not detected in any adipose tissue. A period of 13 weeks was sufficient for complete elimination from systemic circulation. The terminal half-life of obicetrapib was 121-151 hours in healthy humans. Across phase 3 studies, the median plasma concentration of obicetrapib reached 384-472 μg/L and decreased by up to 93-99% by 4 to 15 weeks post-treatment.</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Obicetrapib shows no evidence of accumulation in adipose tissue or delayed elimination from the systemic circulation supporting once daily, chronic dosing of 10 mg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Treatment of Hypercortisolism with Relacorilant: Final Results of the Phase 3 GRACE Study","authors":"Rosario Pivonello ,&nbsp;Giorgio Arnaldi ,&nbsp;J. Richard Auchus ,&nbsp;Corin Badiu ,&nbsp;Robert S. Busch ,&nbsp;Salvatore Cannavo ,&nbsp;Ulrich Dischinger ,&nbsp;Georgiana A. Dobri ,&nbsp;Diane Donegan ,&nbsp;Atanaska Elenkova ,&nbsp;Pouneh K. Fazeli ,&nbsp;Richard A. Feelders ,&nbsp;Rogelio Garcia-Centeno ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska ,&nbsp;Oksana Hamidi ,&nbsp;Zeina C. Hannoush ,&nbsp;Harold J. Miller ,&nbsp;Aurelian-Emil Ranetti ,&nbsp;Monica Recasens ,&nbsp;Martin Reincke ,&nbsp;Andreas G. Moraitis","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiometabolic syndrome, manifested by ventricular diastolic or systolic dysfunction which occurs in approximately 12% of diabetic patients. Diabetes perpetuates the development of microvascular complications that can exacerbate cardiovascular pathologies. Understanding the common molecular targets underlying these two conditions is important for designing effective interventions that can address diabetes and related complications simultaneously. Herein, we aim to investigate the underlying network of key modules associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. In current study, microarray gene expression profiles of diabetic and cardiomyopathy patients possessing accession number (GSE30122 and GSE20966) and (GSE89714, GSE3586, and GSE1145) were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore key modulators. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed via GEO2R tool, based on the cut off criteria (p ≤ 0.05) and log2(FC)&gt;|±1|. 37 overlapped DEGs were identified which then subjected to miRNA target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and module screening via TargetScan, ShinyGO, STRING, and Cytoscape respectively, to screen hub genes as potential targets. Functional gene enrichment analysis identified enrichment of DEGs in heart contraction, apoptosis, cytokines signaling, beta adrenergic signaling and GPCR neurotransmitter receptor activity. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network identified 9 hub genes, including ADRB1, TGFB2, RAP2A, CALD1, WIPF1, ATP10a, AKAP1, NR4A3, EXT1 and 4 hub miRNAs including miR-199-5, miR-200a, mir141-3, and miR-19-3p based on their degree of connectivity and centrality within the network. Conclusively, our analysis unveiled hub genes and miRNAs associated with diabetes-linked cardiomyopathy that might considered as biomarkers and offer a reliable tool for developing effective therapeutic strategies in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Pages 10-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Protein Biomarkers for Nutritional Status in Long Covid-19: Predictors of Cardiovascular Complications","authors":"Shaaf Ahmad,&nbsp;Kaleem Maqsood","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers for nutritional status as potential prognosticators of mortality in long-COVID-19, addressing the gap in understanding the disease's long-term cardiovascular risks and the role of immunity and nutrition in its progression.</div><div>In this study, initially, 329 individuals were recruited, meeting the inclusion criteria, comprising 89 healthy controls, 186 patients with mild infection, and 54 with severe disease. Two months post-COVID, follow-up was conducted, categorizing patients into survivors (n=212) and non-survivors (n=28). 2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2DE) of plasma samples for protein separation was performed; after that, proteins were identified through LC-MS/MS. Mascot version 2.3.02 was followed by analysis using Samespots software 4.5.1 to calculate protein volume and area coverage. GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used for statistical analysis.</div><div>LC-MS/MS confirmed Transthyretin (TTR) and serotransferrin (TF) as potential predictive biomarkers as the study found significant downregulation of TF and TTR in COVID-19 patients in comparison to healthy subjects, with a further decrease observed in severe cases compared to mild cases. Non-survivors also showed a significantly lower level.</div><div>The study uncovered serum nutritional biomarkers capable of accurately predicting COVID-19 prognosis and long-COVID mortality due to cardiovascular complications, facilitating tailored nutritional care and guidance for individuals combating SARS-CoV-2. These findings underscore the significance of developing tailored nutritional protocols to enhance dietary practices, complemented by using probiotics and prebiotics, to manage COVID-19 and other infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss Reduces CD36 Expression in Association with the Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Monocytes of Obese Subjects","authors":"Tahar Hajri,&nbsp;Ewing Douglas,&nbsp;Toghrul Talishinski,&nbsp;Eid Sebastian,&nbsp;Schmidt Hans","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is often associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which are known risk factors for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cell differentiating-36 (CD36) is a cell membrane receptor that is also implicated in early stages of insulin resistance and diabetes due to its ability to bind and internalize oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Bariatric surgery is an effective procedure that induces substantial weight loss and improves obesity-associated comorbidities. This study investigated the effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (RYGB) on plasma oxLDL and CD36 expression and assessed possible link with insulin activity.</div><div>Th study was conducted prospectively in thirty-six obese subjects who underwent RYGB. Weight loss was recorded before and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The expression of CD36 in monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The concentrations of blood lipids, glucose, insulin and oxLDL were assayed in plasma, and the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was determined.</div><div>There was a significant reduction of monocyte CD36 levels at 6 months (-48%) and 12 months (-63%) post-surgery. The concentrations of plasma insulin, oxLDL and triglycerides were reduced after 6 months (-38%, -41% and -29%, respectively) and after 12 months (-51%, -61% and -36%, respectively) post-surgery. The level of monocyte CD36 was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), blood insulin and HOMA-IR.</div><div>The reduction of monocyte CD36 expression and plasma oxLDL level following RYGB-induced weight loss may contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance cardiovascular disease risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Pages 7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eligibility for Semaglutide 2.4 mg in US Adults with Obesity and Prediabetes, Based on the STEP-10 Trial Criteria","authors":"Ashwin K. Chetty,&nbsp;Mihir Khunte,&nbsp;Yuan Lu,&nbsp;Alissa S. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The STEP-10 trial among adults with obesity and prediabetes found that Wegovy led to greater reversion to normoglycemia and prevention of type 2 diabetes than placebo. The extent to which STEP-10 findings may be generalized to the US population with obesity and prediabetes is unclear. Therefore, we estimated the size and sociodemographic and metabolic characteristics of the US population that would be eligible for Wegovy based on STEP-10 criteria. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from January 2017 to March 2020. Our sample included adults (aged ≥18) with a documented BMI and FPG. Those eligible for STEP-10 were defined as not receiving anti-diabetes or anti-obesity medication in the past month and having obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and prediabetes, defined as 6.0% ≤ HbA1c ≤ 6.4% or 99 mg/dL ≤ FPG ≤ 125 mg/dL. The study sample included 3,892 participants aged ≥18, representing 245,418,973 adults. Among this population, 20.4% (95% CI, 18.0-22.8%) or 49.9 million people were eligible for Wegovy based on STEP-10 criteria. Compared to the US population with obesity and prediabetes, STEP-10 overrepresented females and people of White race and enrolled participants with greater mean body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and HbA1c. These findings indicate that there is a large US population with non-medically treated obesity and prediabetes who could benefit from the type 2 diabetes preventative effects of Wegovy. However, the generalizability of STEP-10 to the US is limited by under-representation of Males and people of Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Heart Rate Variability between Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Neha Narayan ,&nbsp;Naga Teja Yedida ,&nbsp;Raghu Ram Shanmukh Nemani ,&nbsp;Tejaswi Vadde ,&nbsp;Rithwik Goud Burri ,&nbsp;Sriharsha Lankala ,&nbsp;Sai Praneeth Duvvuri ,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Meduri ,&nbsp;Yethindra Vityala","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Variations in heart rate variability (HRV), indicative of potential life-threatening conditions, are associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may also exhibit significant changes in HRV markers that are commonly associated with unfavorable outcomes.</div><div><strong>Objective:</strong> We evaluated the differences in HRV features between Non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients with and without T2DM.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> This study included 88 individuals diagnosed with NSTEMI, with an average age of 58 years. The participants were divided into two groups: Group I, 39 patients with T2DM (59% men) and Group II, 49 patients without DM (53% men). The Myocard-Holter-2 device was used for 24-hour Holter monitoring from to 10-14 days of hospitalization. This study evaluated the daily mean HR and transient HRV markers, including SDNN, SDNNi, rMSSD, and pNN50.</div><div>Results: The two groups were similar in terms of sex and age (p=0.312 and p=0.338, respectively). Patients with T2DM had a higher average daily HR of 82±9/min compared to 75±8/min (p=0.002). Patients in group 1 had lower average values for all HRV time parameters, including SDNN (87.2±18.1 ms vs 89.2±10.6 ms, p=0.006), SDNNi (27.5±5.1 ms vs 43.7±6.3 ms, p=0.004), rMSSD (21.4±3.2 ms vs 19.8±2.6 ms, p&lt;0.001), and pNN50 (6.2±2.8% vs 5.3±2.4%, p&lt;0.001).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients with NSTEMI and T2DM had lower HRV scores, suggesting that they may be at a higher risk for developing non-life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and experiencing cardiac autonomic neuropathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Pages 2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obicetrapib Alone and in Combination with Ezetimibe Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Prevalence, Size and Severity in ApoE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice","authors":"José A. Inia,&nbsp;Nanda Keijzer,&nbsp;Nicole Worms,&nbsp;Anita van Nieuwkoop,&nbsp;Marc Ditmarsch,&nbsp;J. Wouter Jukema,&nbsp;John Kastelein,&nbsp;Elsbet J. Pieterman,&nbsp;Hans M.G. Princen","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> Obicetrapib is a selective, potent, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and reduction of cardiovascular risk. It strongly reduces apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Ezetimibe is a potent, selective inhibitor of biliary and dietary cholesterol absorption from the small intestine, also reducing LDL-C levels. The current study evaluated the effect of obicetrapib monotherapy and in combination with ezetimibe on atherosclerosis development in a mouse model for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> Female ApoE*3-Leiden.CETP transgenic mice were fed a Western diet with 0.05% w/w cholesterol (equivalent to daily human intake) or this diet containing obicetrapib alone (2 mg/kg/day), ezetimibe alone (on average 0.6 mg/kg/day), or the combination of obicetrapib and ezetimibe. After 28 weeks of treatment, atherosclerosis development was measured in the aortic roots.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> Obicetrapib, ezetimibe, and the combination reduced total plasma cholesterol levels (-31%, -19% and -53%), mainly attributed to a decrease in non-HDL-C levels (-53%, -19% and -75%). Obicetrapib and combination treatment nearly completely blocked CETP activity (-98% and -98%). Obicetrapib, ezetimibe, and the combination reduced atherosclerotic lesion size (-90%, -50% and -98%) and reduced severe lesions (-82%, -31% and -98%). The percentage of unaffected segments was increased by obicetrapib and the combination treatment (+347%, +442%).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Obicetrapib alone and the combination with ezetimibe robustly lowers non-HDL-C levels and impedes atherosclerosis development through a large decrease in atherosclerotic lesion size and severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Page 5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes in Non-Obese Caucasian and Hispanic Populations with DM, a Nation-Wide Study","authors":"Sindhu Kishore MD.,&nbsp;Leonid Khokhlov MD.,&nbsp;Mehwish Kishore MD.,&nbsp;Sila Mateo Faxas MD.,&nbsp;Kamal Shemisa MD.","doi":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahj.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global prevalence of DM is approximately 10.5% and is expected to rise in the next few years. There is limited data on its outcomes stratified by race. Controlling DM will mitigate the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to compare differences in clinical outcomes in non-obese Caucasian and Hispanic populations with DM. Conducted as an observational study, it utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2017 to 2020 focusing on non-obese adults over 18 years, with a BMI &lt;30 kg/m^2, and DM diagnosis, excluding those under 18, obese or without DM. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, GIB, mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and total cost. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses determined the clinical outcomes, considering a p-value &lt;0.05 significant. Among 22,300,000 non-obese adults with DM, 64.2% were Caucasians, 13.3% were Hispanics, 3.5% were Asians, 18.8% were AA, and the remaining population belonged to other ethnicities. This study revealed higher rates in the Caucasians for conditions like metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, HTN, pHTN, HF, PVD, A.fib, ACS, AKI, stroke, PE, and COPD. The Hispanics were seen to have a higher incidence of anemia, CKD, and severe sepsis. In terms of primary and secondary outcomes, Hispanics were higher. The findings undermine the importance of racial differences in such conditions and more in-depth studies are needed to extrapolate the gaps in care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7868,"journal":{"name":"American heart journal","volume":"278 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}