African Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective study on side effects of first-line antiretroviral drugs on HIV patients based on 1A, 2A, and 5A regimen records at Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi","authors":"Ruth Sindie, Elias Mwakilama, Pachalo Chizala, Jimmy Namangale","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.54","url":null,"abstract":"AIDS is an incurable disease that is common in Africa. Patients with HIV/AIDS having a CD4 count of less than 240 are put on life prolonging ARV drugs. The ARVs have serious side effects on some patients which may be handled by treating them or switching patient’s drug to one with no or less serious side effects. However, before doing this, more understanding of the circumstances that lead to a side effect is vital. We use statistical analyses to link side effects of 1A, 2A, and 5A treatment regimens to the patient’s social and demographic characteristics based on hospital data records. A retrospective review of patients’ master cards (2011-2014) was done to assess adverse effects associated with different ARV regimens. Out of the 901 patients that showed side effects, 65.37% were females aged 31-40 and 34.63% were males. Comparatively, 1A regimen showed more side effects than 2A and 5A regimens. Age, gender and occupation correlated significantly with regimen symptoms (p< 0.05). Unlike men, women had the following extra side effects; cough, peripheral neuropathy and leg pains as compared to lipodystrophy. Our results show that old people (50years+) are less likely to get skin rash and other symptoms compared to lipodystrophy (RRR=0.973). Further, the probability of either having cough (0.0021, p< 0.05), or skin rash (0.0021, p< 0.05), as a side effect, on average, decreases as age increases with the same sex and weight. The probability of having peripheral neuropathy (0.0042, p< 0.01), however, increases with age. Knowledge of HIV patient’s socio-demographics and the patient’s regimen side effects can be utilised to appropriately manage severe ARV side effects. A therapy consideration that takes into account chemicals in ARV regimen responsible for specific side effects can be directed to patients with compatible socio-demographic characteristics.&#x0D; Keywords: HIV/AIDS; ARV regimens; symptoms; side effects; socio-demographics; multinomial logistic regression.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors influencing chemotherapy compliance and survival of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Zhongxing Bing, Zhibo Zheng, Jiaqi Zhang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has high degree of malignance and proneness to recurrence and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors influencing the chemotherapy compliance and survival status of elderly NSCLC patients.&#x0D; Methods: The clinical data of 110 patients admitted from January 2014 to March 2018 were retrospectively analysed. They were assigned to non-chemotherapy (n=25), partial chemotherapy (n=30) and complete chemotherapy (n=55) groups according to chemotherapy compliance, and followed up until March 2021. Their clinicopathological characteristics were investigated by univariate analysis and then multivariate Cox regression analysis. The survival rates were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test.&#x0D; Results: Among the 110 NSCLC patients, 25 did not receive chemotherapy, 30 underwent partial chemotherapy and 55 received complete chemotherapy. Educational level, pathological tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, pathological type, surgical approach, place of residence, payment mode and chemotherapy stage were independent risk factors influencing the chemotherapy compliance (P<0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Particular attention should be paid to improving the chemotherapy compliance of patients with low educational level, late TNM stage, medical history of squamous cell carcinoma, history of thoracotomy, living in rural areas and no medical insurance, and those in the recurrence period or consolidation period of chemotherapy.&#x0D; Keywords: Chemotherapy compliance; elderly; non-small cell lung cancer; risk factor; survival analysis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration and its effect on the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum","authors":"Xinqiang Wang, Liangbang Wu, Yuehong Zhang, Zhenhai Hou, Longbao Zheng, Zenghui Gu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.55","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the effect of negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration inthe treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis.&#x0D; Methods: Eighty-six (86) cases of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis admitted to Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Armyfrom September 2017 to September 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, forty-three (43)cases each. Debridement, open bone grafting or bone migration was given to the control group.The observation group was treated with negative pressure closed drainage on the basis of the control group. In addition, the serumcomponents such as CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 of the control group and observation group were detected respectively after surgery.&#x0D; Results: Observation group granulation cover wound, fracture healing time was shorter than the control group, fracture healingrate was better than the control group, the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05). By comparing serum CRP, TNF-α,IL-6 levels before and after treatment in the two groups, it was found that the observation group was lower than the controlgroup (P<0.05, respectively). Serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were significantly (P<0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bonegrafting or bone displacement has a good effect on fracture healing and is worth popularizing.&#x0D; Keywords: Bone removal; CRP; IL-6; Negative pressure closure drainage; Tibia; TNF-α; Traumatic osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Wale Adeyemi Johnson, Dauda Parakoyi Bayo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccination remains a potent way to curb the present covid-19 global pandemic.&#x0D; Objectives: To assess knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: In the descriptive cross-sectional study, a sample size of 750 respondents was randomly selected from a university, polytechnic and college of education (COE) in Osun State, Nigeria. Independent sample T and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyse the responses.&#x0D; Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage score of poor perception, relative to good perception among the university and polytechnic respondents. Among the COE respondents, significant increases in the percentage scores of poor knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines, relative to the good variables were observed. Weak positive correlations between knowledge and willingness &amp; perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among all the respondents were noted. In addition, there was a significant increase in good perception to covid-19 vaccines among university and COE, relative to polytechnic respondents. Asides, a significant increase in good willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines was observed among the university, compared to COE respondents.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is poor knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Osun State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines; knowledge; perception; tertiary students; willingness.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s choice: Sexual reproductive health, child issues, NCDs, surgery, infections and health systems - a salad of sorts","authors":"James K Tumwine","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"NIL","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway: a useful adjunct during fiberoptic intubation training among anesthesia residents","authors":"Hosni A Salem, Ayman Aly Rayan, Usama Abotaleb, Essam Shafiq M Abdel-wahap, Ismail A Elzoughari, Mohammed A Taha Alafifi, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Ahmed M Abodonya","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fiberoptic intubation (FOI) is considered a beneficial modality used to intubate life-threatening airway patients.This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway during FOI.&#x0D; Methods: Between January 2019 and March 2021, this prospective randomized controlled trial has enrolled 62 adult patients(56 males and 6 females) with normal airways scheduled for elective oral FOI classified American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA I-III), their age ranged 20-60 years. The patients were randomized into two equal groups (31 per each); in group I, FOIwas carried using lingual traction, and in group II, FOI was carried out with lingual traction plus a shortened uncuffed endotrachealtube as a modified nasopharyngeal airway to maintain oxygenation. The time taken to successful tracheal intubation andother technical parameters have been measured. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2),end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and any associated complications have been measured.&#x0D; Results: During insertion of the scope, the SpO2 was significantly decreased in group I (92.55 ± 7.94) compared to group II(97.42 ± 6.34), p=0.009. The heart rate, MAP, and EtCO2 were found to be insignificantly different in both groups (p&gt;0.05).The time needed for intubation in group I (2.78±0.98 min) was prolonged compared with group II (1.95±1.02 min) p =0.002.The number of attempts was comparable in both groups, while the number of successful intubations from the 1st attempt was12 (39%) compared to 18 (58%) in groups I and II respectively, p=0.36. The overall success rate by juniors was 71% in group Icompared to 84% in group II, p=0.66 with a lower incidence of using rescue oxygen and other facilitating maneuvers.&#x0D; Conclusions: The modified nasopharyngeal airway is a useful modality to facilitate oral FOI by anesthesia resident trainees.&#x0D; Keywords: Nasopharyngeal airway; Endotracheal tube; Training of FOI.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-specialized care of skin disorders: a cross-sectional survey of new patients attending dermatology clinic in a tertiary hospital in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria","authors":"Ruth O Adah, Collins John, Courage Uhunmwangho, Gabriel U Adah, Seline N Okolo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.74","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the paucity of skin health specialists in Nigeria and the low level of awareness amongst its populace, patients seek for care for skin related disorders from different sources and are given a variety of remedies before accessing specialist care.&#x0D; Objectives: This study was aimed at describing outlets visited and medication received by patients with skin disorders prior to attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in JUTH.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted over one year. Information on socio-demography, sources and medication received prior to presentation was obtained and analysed using SPSS 23.&#x0D; Results: The male: female ratio among 166 consenting new patients was 1:1.4. Prior to presentation patients sought care most frequently from Health facilities (68.1%), Patent medicine vendors-PMV (30.7%) and Traditional healers (21.7%). Overall, different steroid preparations were the most commonly used medications (56.6%) across all age groups with fixed combination preparations most frequently used (32.5%). Unconventional substances reportedly used by patients for skin disorders were urine, toothpaste, tomatoes, salt, water in which a life catfish had been kept and fats from a dead dog. Only 21.1% of the patients did not use any medication prior to presentation.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is need to increase capacity in the care of common skin diseases at all levels of the health care system to decrease patronage of unconventional providers. Raising awareness of the general public on the potential dangers of inappropriate treatment of skin diseases and strengthen referral system is imperative to reduce the burden of skin diseases in the country.&#x0D; Keywords: Non-specialized; skin diseases; unorthodox; treatment; dermatology; clinic.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of metabolic syndrome on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Turkish women","authors":"Zeynep T Bahtiyarca, Azize Serçe","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the potential effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck in postmenopausal Turkish women.&#x0D; Patients and methods: 193 postmenopausal women were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood tests, and T-scores of BMD in the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and femoral neck were recorded. The participants were divided into two groups according to the bone mineral density (BMD) results as osteoporosis group (Group 1, n=109) who had a T-score&gt;−2.5 at the spine or/and femoral neck, and the control group (Group 2, n=84) who had T-score&gt;−2.5 at the spine or/and femoral neck. MetS and its components were screened using the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The effects of the MetS components on T-scores of BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine were evaluated by partial correlation test and multiple regression analysis.&#x0D; Results: MetS was detected in 58 (30.1%) participants. The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (39.3% vs 22.9%, p=0,014). Among the MetS components, especially abdominal obesity showed a significant positive correlation with T-scores of BMD at the femoral neck and spine. A weak but significant correlation was also observed with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Multiple regression analysis revealed an association between waist circumference and BMD at both femoral neck and spine, and also between serum triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and spine BMD.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings support that MetS is associated with increased BMD at the femoral neck and spine in postmenopausal women. A significant positive association was observed among the MetS components, especially with abdominal obesity, and also a weak positive association with serum triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.&#x0D; Keywords: Postmenopausal women; bone mineral density; metabolic syndrome; osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of type 2 diabetes complications: a single centre observation","authors":"Chinonyerem O Iheanacho, Tolulope Folashade Akhumi, Uchenna I H Eze, Winifred A Ojieabu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes complications are a major burden on persons living with diabetes and the health care systems.&#x0D; Objectives: The study assessed the glycemic control, prevalence and predictors of type 2 diabetes complications among patientsin a healthcare centre.&#x0D; Methods: Two hundred adults who had type 2 diabetes in a general hospital were recruited for the study. Cross-sectional andretrospective surveys were used to determine prevalence, number and types of complications in the patients. SPSS version 21was used for descriptive analysis and Chi-square (p<0.05).&#x0D; Results: A total of 200 (100%) respondents participated in the study and 97 (48.5%) had poor glycemic control. Mean numberof complications per patient was 2.48 ± 1.22. Number of complications per person and type of complications were significantlyassociated with Age (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively), Gender (p = 0.008 and p = 0.031, respectively) and Occupation(p=0.000 and p=0.006, respectively). Marital status (p = 0.032) and years of diagnosis (p=0.021) were also associated with typeof complications. The majority of patients 64 (32.0%) were admitted in the previous year for diabetes-related complications.Majority 159 (79.5%) had ≥ 2 number of complications from the observed 497 complications.&#x0D; Conclusions: Poor glycemic control and high prevalence of complications were observed. Also, socio-demographic characteristicswere likely predictors of number and type of complications. These findings are essential for improved planning andprioritizing of diabetes care.&#x0D; Keywords: Complications; Nigeria; prevalence; socio-demographics predictors; type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging classification and BIRADS assessment of cystic breast lesions with pathologic correlates. a 5-year experience in Zaria, North West Nigeria","authors":"Sefiya Adebanke Olarinoye-Akorede, Suleiman Lawal, Mohammed Zaria Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cysts encompass a variety of pathologies, both benign and malignant. Therefore, classifying cysts into different categories is needful to develop a management algorithm. This study aimed to describe and distinguish between simple, complicated and complex cysts; and compare the final BIRADS assessment with pathologic findings.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A 5-year retrospective review of our ultrasound database identified two hundred and seventy patients with cystic breast lesions. They were divided into simple, complicated and complex cysts according to ultrasound characteristics based on shape, orientation, margin, wall thickness, internal features (echogenicity, septa, mass) posterior acoustic features, surrounding tissue vascularity. The final BIRADS assessment was correlated with histological findings.&#x0D; Results: There were two hundred and sixty-six (98.5%) females and four (1.5%) males with a mean age 34.9 ± 11.8 years. The commonest presentation was a palpable mass, in 70% of the patients. There were 89 (33.0%) simple cysts, 61 (22.6%) complicated cysts and 120 (44.4%) complex cysts.&#x0D; Conclusion: Majority of the breast cysts (83%) were benign with overall 17% incidence of malignancy. Complex cysts were the most frequent cyst type in our study, it is also the category most frequently associated with breast cancer, obviating the need for histology.&#x0D; Keywords: Breasts; Cysts; BIRADS; ultrasound; pathology.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}