African Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Clinical nursing application of parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition support in neurosurgery","authors":"Meiying Huang, Sha Yang, Aixia Gu, Mingxia Xu, Cong Sha","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To explore the clinical nursing effect of parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition support in neurosurgery.&#x0D; Methodology: 200 neurosurgical patients were randomly divided into two groups. The time of parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition support in our hospital (January 2021) was used as the cut-off point, the PN group and the PN+EN group were divided according to the cut-off point. Nutritional status, immune status, occurrence of adverse events, prognosis-related indicators were compared between the two groups.&#x0D; Results: Nutritional status and immune status at 7 days of nutritional support in the PN+EN group were higher than those in the PN group, The difference was statistically significant. The total incidence of adverse events in the PN+EN group (3.00%) was significantly lower than that in the PN group (11.00%), and the difference was statistically significant. The average ICU treatment time, average hospital stay and emerging infection rate in the PN+EN group were lower than those in the PN group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition support in neurosurgery can achieve a more ideal intervention effect. It is beneficial to the prognosis of patients and has a certain value of promotion and application.&#x0D; Keywords: Neurosurgery; parenteral nutrition support; enteral nutrition support; nursing effect.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"45 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135062650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Reducing the risks of nuclear war: the role of health professionals","authors":"K. Abbasi, P. Ali, V. Barbour, K. Bibbins-Domingo, Marcel G M Olde Rikkert, P. Gong, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, R. Horton, Bob Mash, A. Mitra, C. Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, Eric J Rubin, Tilman Ruff, P. Sahni, J. Tumwine, P. Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>NIL</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw in the treatment of talus fracture","authors":"Bo Sun, Shibo Liu, Xinxin Xue, Yunfeng Gao, Shijie Fu, Pei Wang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.61","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore clinical effects of arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw in the treatment of talus fracture.&#x0D; Methods: Forty-eight patients with talus fracture treated in hospital of Chengde Medical University from February 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled for present investigation. The patients with talus fracture were randomly assigned into two groups, with twenty-four patients per group. The patients with talus fracture in the observation group were treated with arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw, while the traditional open reduction and internal fixation were applied for the ones in control group. The clinical efficacy of the patients was evaluated three months after the operation, and the preoperative and postoperative ankle joint functions, fracture-healing time, hospital stay, and complications were carefully compared between observation and control group.&#x0D; Results: A total efficiency as high as 91.67% was showed in observation group, which is distinctly better than the effective rate of control group (66.67%, P<0.05). Before operation, ankle function scores (AOFAS) of control group and observation group is 42.08 ± 4.29 and 41.75±5.31 with no significantly difference (P>0.05); while after the surgery, AOFAS scores of control group is significantly lower than that of observation group: (66.28±7.51 vs. 53.0 ±6.79, P<0.05). Moreover, healing time and hospitalized duration of observation group are 3.19±1.04 months and 3.57±0.97 days, which are also significantly shorter than 4.18±1.25 months and 8.28±2.54 days in control group, respectively, (P < 0.05). And the total complication rate in control group is 20.83%, which is higher than 8.33% in observation group (P >0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw can significantly improve the efficacy and ankle joint functions, shorten the fracture-healing time and hospital stays without increasing the incidence of complications.&#x0D; Keywords: Arthroscopy; countersunk screw; curative effect; internal fixation; talar fracture.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of socio-demographic profile and basic risk factors of tuberculosis patients in South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India: a hospital-based study","authors":"Sujay Kumar Bhunia, Sananda Dey, Amitava Pal, Biplab Giri","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.42","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study and analyse the socio-demographic profile and basic risk factors of tuberculosis(TB) patients and their relationwith the current epidemiological status of TB registered under the RNTEP program in the study area.&#x0D; Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 1743 newly registered tuberculosis patients at TB-DOT centerof South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India from 2011-2014. Socio-demographic variables and baseline characteristics of theparticipants were noted by a semi-structured questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: Our study results indicate that more than 95% of the TB patients were from lower socioeconomic class, and hadpoor literacy status and tuberculosis was observed highest in non-agricultural labour and cultivators. Among the young adult’smajority of the affected population were females from the lower/upper-lower socioeconomic class. Our analysis revealed that,in successful tuberculosis therapy, men were more defaulters than women.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study provides a socioeconomic profile and the risk factors of tuberculosis in patients such as the status oftherapeutic intervention, involvement of other chronic diseases, age, sex and malnutrition. The findings of this study can beused to plan future studies with specific risk factors of the region and also for implementing the intervention and evaluating itseffectiveness.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; socio-demographic factors; multi-drug resistance; pulmonary tuberculosis; extra-pulmonarytuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Gulu regional referral hospital","authors":"Kizito Omona, Albert Mucha Opiyo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.41","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is increasingly recognized as emerging infectious disease of publichealth concern. Globally, 206030 people were diagnosed with MDR-TB in 2019, representing a 10% increase from 186883peoplewho had it in 2018. In Uganda, the prevalence of MDR among new TB cases is 4.4% and 17.7% among previously treatedTB cases.&#x0D; Aim: To determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB among tuberculosis patients in Gulu regional referral hospital.&#x0D; Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collectionand analysis was used. Data was collected from 384 TB patients using data extraction form and 6 Key informant interviewsconducted. Analysis using Pearson chi-square test was run.&#x0D; Results: HIV positive patients were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with MDR-TB than HIV negative patients [AOR=2.6:95% CI 1.34– 5.85: P=0.006]. Previously treated TB patients were 2.8 times more likely to be infected with MDR-TB than newlydiagnosed TB patients [AOR=2.8: 95% CI 1.33– 5.85: P=0.006]. Defaulting TB patients were 3.1 times more likely to be infectedwith MDR-TB than the non-defaulting TB patients [AOR=3.1]&#x0D; Conclusion: There is high prevalence of drug resistance among patients attending TB treatment at the facility.&#x0D; Keywords: MDR-TB; tuberculosis; HIV; Gulu Regional Referral Hospital.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between protein expression profiling of inflammation and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"Jie Wang, Jian Liu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.73","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthrosis significantly reduces self-perception. However, the intrinsicrelationship between bone metabolism and SPP and cell activity at the molecular level remains unclear. The purpose of thisstudy was to understand the relationship between RA bone metabolic indicators and immune inflammation-related proteins.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 30 patients with RA and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Four bone metabolism measures and nineproteins expression measures were collected from RA patients and healthy controls. Spearman Correlation Analysis and Logistic-regression Analysis were adopted for associations between bone metabolism and proteins.&#x0D; Results: We screened and verified 3 key proteins, namely interleukin-11 (IL-11), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and programmed celldeath-2 (PD-L2) related to immunity and inflammation through microarray analysis. Levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-11, IL-17, CTLA4,TNF-β were higher in RA patients than in the control group (P<0.05), meanwhile, the levels of IL-8, PD-L2, TNF-β and B7-2were low in RA patients (P>0.05).The results of Spearman Correlation Test suggested that sharp score was positively correlatedwith age, CCP was positively correlated with RF, SDS score was positively correlated with RF, IL-17 was positively correlatedwith CCP, BGP was positively correlated with BALP, RANKL was positively correlated with BALP, VAS score was negativelycorrelated with CRP, TCM score was negatively correlated with SF-36 score.&#x0D; Conclusion: BALP, BGP, OPG, RANKL were strongly associated with immune inflammation-related proteins and poor SPPin RA patients, which can be used to predict poor SPP in RA patients, although the underlying mechanisms need to be furtherexplored.Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; bone destruction; self-perception of patient; protein expression profiling.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal factors associated with immediate low Apgar score in newborn babies in an intermediate hospital in Namibia: a case control study","authors":"Justina Lungameni, Emma Maano Nghitanwa, Laura Uusiku","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Apgar score is conducted to a baby immediately after birth checking how the baby tolerated the birth processand outside the uterus.&#x0D; Objectives: To describe the neonatal factors associated with immediate low Apgar score and analysing the associations amongfactors associated with low Apgar score in new-born babies.&#x0D; Methods: A quantitative, case-control, descriptive research design was used. Study population were all maternal records ofdeliveries conducted between 01 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. Simple random sampling was used to select the samplesize for 194 cases and 194 controls using a 1:1 case-control ratio. Records indicating low Apgar scores were the cases while normalApgar scores were the controls. A total of 388 maternal files were reviewed. Data were collected using a document reviewchecklist and analysed using SPSS version 26.&#x0D; Results: The study found that, neonatal factors associated with immediate low Apgar score are; gestational age, foetal presentation,cord prolapse, cord around the neck and the importance of cardiotocography interpretation as they had a P-value &gt; 0.005.&#x0D; Conclusion: Gestational age, birth weight, foetal presentation, cord around the neck and lack of cardiotocography assessmentwere found to be associated with immediate low Apgar score.&#x0D; Keywords: Neonatal; factors; immediate low Apgar score; newborn; babies.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Uganda","authors":"Rogers Mugisa, Edward Luke Kironde, Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aimed to assess the perceived quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Spine Unit of a tertiary hospital in Uganda. The study population comprised of patients with spinal cord injuries. Data were collected using the WHO Quality of Life Brief questionnaire and Functional Independence Measure tool.&#x0D; Results: 103 patients participated in the study, most were male (73.8%), and had a mean age of 37.7 years. Most participants were married (57.3%), unemployed (72.8%) and had no steady source of income (62.1%). Road traffic accidents accounted for most injuries (59.2%). The mean duration since injury was 20.5 months. Most participants (58.3%) had incomplete spinal cord injuries and 84.5% had complications. The perceived overall quality of life was poor in 87.4% of patients. Being employed (p= 0.02), the presence of complications (p= 0.03), and injury severity (p= 0.003) significantly affected quality of life. Functional independent measure scores were significantly better in individuals less severe injuries and those with lumbar level of injury with mean scores of 113.1±8.9 and 99.9±15.3 respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: The overall self-reported quality of life among patients with traumatic spinal cord injury was generally poor.&#x0D; Keywords: Quality of life; traumatic injury; spinal cord.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight among newborns in South Sudan","authors":"Chol Lat, Florence Murila, Dalton Wamalwa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: WHO estimates that that 13% of babies are delivered low birth weight in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infants with LBWhave a twenty times greater risk of dying than infants weighing more than 2500 grams. The neonatal mortality rates in SouthSudan is 40 per 1000 live births. LBW significantly contributes to neonatal mortality rates.&#x0D; Objectives: The study aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with LBW among newborns.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at three hospitals. Completed data on all live births was collectedusing a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied for factors associated withLBW. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was applied and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: We retrieved records of 11845 birth cohorts. The prevalence of LBW among newborns was 11.4%. The prevalenceof LBW at Aweil, Juba and Bor was 13.3%, 9.8% and 8.8% respectively. Maternal age less than 20 years and 35 years and above,multigravidity, GA < 37 weeks, male sex and multiple pregnancy were significantly associated with LBW.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW in infants was 11.4%. Associated factors were, maternal age, GA < 37 weeks, multigravidity,male sex and multiple pregnancy.&#x0D; Keywords: Low birth weight; improve birth outcomes; multivariate logistic regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and acute kidney injury among women with preeclampsia and severe features at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda: a cohort study","authors":"Kasereka Muteke, Milton W Musaba, David Mukunya, Jolly Beyeza, Julius N Wandabwa, Paul Kiondo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI postpartum among women with preeclampsia is not well documented in Uganda.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the time to resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI postpartum until 6 weeks among women with preeclampsia in Mulago Hospital, Uganda.&#x0D; Methods: Between August 2017 and April 2018, we measured blood pressure, urine protein and serum creatinine on days 1,7,21 and 42 postpartum among 86 women with preeclampsia. The primary outcomes were time to the resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI. We fitted accelerated failure models using Stata 17’s stintreg. command with a log normal distribution and obtained time ratios of selected exposures on time to resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI intervals.&#x0D; Results: The median time to resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI was seven (7) days (Inter quartile range, IQR 1-21). The time to resolution of hypertension among primiparous women was 3.5 times that of multiparous women [TR 3.5, 95%CI 1.1, 11.3]. No differences were observed in resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and acute kidney injury.&#x0D; Conclusion: The time to resolution of hypertension, proteinuria and AKI was seven days. We recommend larger studies with longer follow-up beyond six-weeks postpartum to inform revision of our guidelines.&#x0D; Keywords: Acute kidney injury; preeclampsia with severe features.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}