Technical Physics Letters最新文献

{"title":"Scanning the Radiation Pattern of Mid-Infrared Graphene Antenna Arrays","authors":"M. S. Nikitin,&nbsp;G. S. Makeeva","doi":"10.1134/S1063785025700026","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785025700026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The radiation patterns of mid-infrared graphene antenna arrays with <i>N</i> = 256 emitters have been simulated in the CST MWS software package at the resonant frequencies of the surface plasmon polariton fundamental mode in micro- and nanosized rectangular graphene elements for different values of the chemical potential. It has been shown that, with an increase in the chemical potential, the operating frequencies are retuned towards higher mid-IR frequencies, the radiation pattern width at the half-power level decreases, and the direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern changes; i.e., electronic scanning of the main beam of the radiation pattern occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 4-12","pages":"426 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Possibility of Experimental Confirmation of Einstein’s Formula E = mc2","authors":"A. I. Nikiforov,&nbsp;A. K. Mezikov,&nbsp;B. N. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. S. Belov,&nbsp;G. A. Nikiforov","doi":"10.1134/S1063785025700075","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785025700075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A design of a setup is proposed that allows direct measurements to confirm Einstein’s formula <i>E</i> = <i>mc</i>². The main elements of the setup are a supercapacitor and a mass comparator.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 4-12","pages":"423 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Zinc-Oxide Nanotubes in an Electric Arc Discharge","authors":"J. A. Uktamov,&nbsp;Kh. S. Nuriddinov,&nbsp;E. A. Erlingayte,&nbsp;B. A. Timerkaev","doi":"10.1134/S1063785025700051","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785025700051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zinc-oxide nanotubes have been synthesized in an electric arc discharge formed between two graphite electrodes in air at a pressure of 66 kPa. Zinc-oxide nanotubes have been obtained. It has been established that, when appropriate conditions are selected, it is possible to achieve the formation of either nanotubes or nanofilms, depending on the goal setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 4-12","pages":"459 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including the Indicator of the S-Protein Binding Affinity of SAR-CoV-2 Strains in Modeling New COVID-19 Waves","authors":"A. Yu. Perevaryukha","doi":"10.1134/S1063785025700014","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785025700014","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Based on analysis of the spread of new convergent SAR-CoV-2 strains, an original method for modeling scenarios for the spread of infection in the form of new COVID waves after the long-term activity minima has been proposed. Specific variants of the development of the current epidemic situation due to regularly updated strains have been modeled as versions of the pulsating epidemic process. The relevance of the development of a modeling technique with the inclusion of the virion binding indicator is related to the emergence of a series of convergent strains as a coronavirus evolutionary trend in 2025. It has been noted that the indicator of affinity of new strains fluctuates, which determines the COVID growth waves in several regions. The infection waves in the spring of 2024 were determined by the activity of the evolutionary branch of BA.2.86 strains, which had time to split and were successful in binding affinity and in avoiding antibodies. The JN lineage displaced the Omicron lines that dominated in 2023. The Pirоla branch strains were transmissible with reduced affinity for the ACE2 receptor and a lower replication rate. The advantage of the Pirоla coronavirus branch was the increased virus persistence time. In the fall of 2024, the virus evolution trend changed with an emphasis on the complication of the phylogenetic tree. The convergent XEC and XDC variants appeared which seemed dangerous. Unexpectedly, in the winter of 2025, the variants spread more slowly than predicted and turned out to be inefficient. In 2025, a selection of the Spike protein variants providing balanced characteristics for replication and evasion from antibodies occurs. The potential for variability of coronavirus proteins has not been exhausted. We have proposed a method for computational study of epidemic scenarios based on the modification of hybrid equations rebuilt on the basis of tracking the virion affinity and fusogenicity indicators. The decaying COVID wave models developed by the author on the basis of equations with the delay and threshold effects have been modified to take into account that fluctuations in the binding affinity of strains change the dynamics of COVID waves. The identified changes in the infection oscillation modes have been described within the model by the algorithmic rearrangement in the right-hand sides of the equations with damping functions. According to the available epidemic curves of COVID waves, the models require rearrangement of the regulation functions, which follows the evolutionary trend of convergent strains. It has been proposed to model aspects of the epidemic stage in 2025 using special computing tools. An original method for forming a structure for the hybrid model has been substantiated based on a set of the right-hand sides of differential equations with the heterogeneous parameters of delayed regulation that generate relaxation oscillations and are redefined when the truth criteria for predicates are violated. It has","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 4-12","pages":"431 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instabilities of Deformation Processes in Linear Polymer Systems","authors":"E. N. Perevoznikov,&nbsp;A. S. Stepashkina","doi":"10.1134/S106378502570004X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106378502570004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work is devoted to the study of the effects of instability of the relaxation process in linear polymer systems based on a dynamic model of deformation processes. A system of equations for perturbations of the process characteristics is obtained, and a spectrum of perturbations is shown depending on the model parameters calculated from empirical relaxation curves. Instability conditions are obtained. It is shown that relaxation processes are stable in weakly nonequilibrium linear systems; with increasing disequilibrium and nonlinearity, long-wave fluctuations in deformation characteristics occur, which, in particular, macroscopically manifest themselves as a vibration relaxation effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 4-12","pages":"451 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Trigger Evolution in Biophysical Invasions Based on the Situational Choice of Hybrid Computing","authors":"A. Yu. Perevaryukha","doi":"10.1134/S1063785024700536","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785024700536","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Original modeling methods are proposed to study nonequilibrium processes in biophysics. Modifications carried out only by expanding the model dimension do not yield the desired results compared with the behavior of invasions and epidemics. According to our idea, the construction of modeling systems of nonlinear equations should be close to real abrupt changes and take into account rapid changes during evolutionary adaptation. A predictive model should take into account special properties for each individual current situation. The evolutionary process in an opposing community of organisms is never limited to the adaptation of only one component of a biophysical system. Invasions serve as a catalyst for evolution. Of particular importance to us is the special case of invasion characterized as the launch of epidemics of viruses new to the population. The coronavirus epidemic is continuing in 2024 with an autumn COVID wave in Europe, Australia, and the United States. The dynamics of morbidity in the regions is again different. New strains with signs of convergent changes, the XDV and aggressive XEC, appear. Currently, the main generator of the Omicron mutation accumulation is the wide BA.2/JN/KP branch. In 2025, the situation with the leadership of coronavirus variants will certainly change; therefore, modeling of new COVID waves will again require corrections to the models. These properties could not be described in SIRS epidemic model variants, as well as the unexpectedly re-emerging mpox outbreak. The situation with the constant presence of virus variants and local waves in the population is not the worst scenario. A repeat of the pandemic wave 5 years after the end of the epidemic and weakening of the population immunity are much worse. Invasive processes in biosystems, when species with a high reproductive parameter are introduced into a new range, trigger unpredictable and diverse nonlinear processes. In the trophic chains of biosystems, the effects of invasions spread sharply, not as in the situation with a systematic expansion of ranges. Some biophysical invasions develop rapidly in the form of an outbreak from a single peak. After an extreme maximum, a state of prolonged depression of the invasive species or chronicity of a virus in the body often develops. The crisis is caused by destruction of the invasion of its own breeding environment. Many dangerous invasive phenomena pulsate and last for decades, like the invasion of the gypsy moth in the forests of Canada. Based on the problems of biophysics, a conveniently modifiable and supplemented structure of auxiliary equations with event redefinitions is proposed. Outbreaks of reproduction of invasive species are modeled by different equations at the stages of development. To model situations of outbreaks of various insect populations, different forms of immunity regulation are combined in the model and a technique for constructing a hybrid model with complemented equations is developed. Th","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 3","pages":"391 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency Scanning Graphene Antennas with Plasmonic Control of the Radiation Pattern and Polarization of THz and IR Radiation","authors":"G. S. Makeeva,&nbsp;M. S. Nikitin","doi":"10.1134/S1063785024700512","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785024700512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the CST MWS 2023 software package, the controllability of the characteristics (elements of the scattering matrix and radiation patterns) of reconfigurable plasmonic antennas based on rectangular graphene nanoribbons on metallized (PGA MS) and dielectric (PGA DS) substrates has been modeled and the results of frequency scanning have been obtained at the resonance frequencies of the fundamental and higher modes of surface plasmon-polaritons with a change in the chemical potential of graphene in the terahertz (THz) and far- and mid-IR ranges. The possibility of forming a multibeam PGA MS radiation patterns on plasmon resonances of the surface plasmon-polariton second-order mode in the far- and mid-IR ranges has been investigated. The possibility of radiation of the waves of two orthogonal polarizations by the PGA DS has been shown and methods for controlling the polarization of the THz and IR PGA radiation have been identified, which are based on the selection of the operating frequencies corresponding to the surface plasmon-polariton mode resonances at the <i>p-</i> and <i>s-</i>polarization of the exciting waves and metallization of the dielectric substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 3","pages":"378 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of the Diffraction Efficiency in the Problem of Designing Multilevel Diffraction Gratings","authors":"E. V. Gusarova,&nbsp;V. Yu. Martynova,&nbsp;M. Yu. Medvedik","doi":"10.1134/S106378502470055X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106378502470055X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modelling of diffraction gratings is an urgent problem due to the need for their use in thermonuclear fusion. The possibility of modeling diffraction gratings with higher diffraction efficiency allows the radiation power of laser facilities to be increased. To achieve this goal, spectral beam combining is used. The diffraction efficiency is calculated by methods of mathematical physics and mathematical modelling, as well as by numerical methods. The diffraction efficiency of gratings of different configurations has been calculated by the original sign change method. Calculations of the diffraction efficiency of the diffraction gratings with one and three thresholds per period have been compared. The discussed numerical examples of modeling gratings with a more complex configuration demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model for calculating the diffraction efficiency over the available algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 3","pages":"402 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Control of Directional Properties of Reconfigurable Plasmonic Graphene-Based Antenna Arrays with Frequency Scanning in the Mid-IR Range","authors":"G. S. Makeeva","doi":"10.1134/S1063785024700548","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785024700548","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mid-IR antennas can play a critical role in advancing discoveries and innovations for applications such as IR wireless communications, imaging and visualization, remote sensing including environmental and biological, remote detection, security scanning, biomedical applications and astronomy, the Internet of Things, and sensors. The aim of the work is to study using the CST MWS 2023 software package the electronic control of the directional properties of reconfigurable plasmonic graphene antenna arrays, i.e., the main beam of the radiation pattern (RP), by using electrical frequency tunability by changing the chemical potential of graphene (by applying an external electric field), scanning the RP and changing the shape and parameters of the RP in the mid-IR range. In the mid-IR range, graphene exhibits plasmonic-like complex surface conductivity with low losses, which provides great potential for the development of tunable antenna arrays in this range. Research on the application of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene is focused on the ranges from terahertz to mid-IR, since current technologies allow reducing the width of graphene nanoribbons only to such an extent that they can excite plasmonic oscillations in the mid-IR range. To solve the electrodynamic problem using the CST MWS 2023 program, designed for numerical modeling of high-frequency antennas and devices, the Perfect Boundary Approximation (PBA) method is used, complementing the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) method, which works in the time domain. The results of electrodynamic modeling of the controllability of the RPs of plasmonic graphene antenna arrays with different numbers of emitters and electronic frequency scanning at the resonant frequencies of the fundamental SPP mode in the mid-IR range were obtained with a change in the value of chemical potential μ_c (0.3–1 eV) and their dependence on the geometric dimensions of the graphene elements and the antenna array periods. As a result of electrodynamic modeling, the possibility of effective electronic control of RPs of the plasmonic graphene antenna arrays in the scanning regime in the mid-IR range with a change in the chemical potential of graphene (μ_с = 0.3–1 eV) is shown: a change in the direction of the main lobe of the RPs, while the achievable sector of the scanning angles confirms the efficiency of beam control; a decrease in the width of the RPs at the half-power level and the level of side lobes; an increase in the radiation efficiency and, as a consequence, an increase in the gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 3","pages":"408 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Antennas Based on Rectangular Graphene Nanoribbons with Controlled Polarization of Terahertz and IR Radiation","authors":"G. S. Makeeva","doi":"10.1134/S1063785024700524","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785024700524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To develop new 6G and beyond terahertz (THz) wireless communication systems with the high-throughput and data rate, the direction of polarization of emitted THz waves should be effectively controlled, whereas most methods are technologically complex and expensive. The implementation of THz antennas and devices based on 2D materials, e.g., graphene, solves the problem of the effective control. The possibility is studied of controlling the polarization of THz and IR radiation of plasmonic antennas based on rectangular graphene nanoribbons by changing the chemical potential (applying an external electric field). This important scientific problem related to the design of THz antennas can largely be solved by modeling in the CST MWS 2023 electrodynamic modeling program. Plasmon THz antennas based on rectangular graphene nanoribbons have been chosen as objects of study and the possibility of emitting waves of two orthogonal polarizations has been shown. Methods for controlling the polarization of THz and IR radiation of such antennas have been identified, which are based on choosing the operating frequencies corresponding to the plasmon resonances of the surface plasmon-polariton modes and metallization of a dielectric substrate. The possibility of controlling the polarization of THz and IR radiation allows the creation of both new elements of plasmonic antenna arrays and new communication technologies, including future 6G networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"50 3","pages":"383 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}