Technical Physics最新文献

{"title":"Application of the Continuous Method for Solving Operator Equations to the Approximate Solution to the Amplitude–Phase Problem","authors":"I. V. Boykov, A. A. Pivkina","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700567","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>The article is devoted to approximate methods for solving the phase problem for one-dimensional and two-dimensional signals. The cases of continuous and discrete signals are considered. The solution of the phase problem consists of two stages. At the first stage, the original signal is reconstructed from the known amplitude of the spectrum. At the second stage, the Fourier transform of the reconstructed signal is calculated and the phase of the signal spectrum is calculated approximately. The construction and justification of the computing scheme is based on a continuous method for solving nonlinear operator equations using the theory of stability of solutions to systems of ordinary differential equation. The method is stable under perturbations of the mathematical model parameters and, when solving nonlinear operator equations, does not require the reversibility of the Gateaux (or Frechet) derivatives of nonlinear operators. To restore the original signal, spline-collocation schemes with splines of the zeroth and first orders are proposed. Computing schemes are implemented by a continuous method for solving nonlinear operator equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron-Beam Modification of Carbon Steel Surface","authors":"A. V. Ionina","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700555","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mechanisms of hardening the carbon steel 45 surface after combined treatment have been elucidated. Combined treatment inclucdes electroexplosive boroaluminizing or aluminizing in the presence of silicon carbide and subsequent electron-beam processing. It has been found that the microhardness increases by seven and sic times and the wear resistance improves by 2.5 and 1.7 times, respectively. Under the conditions of dry sliding friction, the wear resistance after electroexplosive boroaluminizing and electron-beam processing increases by 43 times and after electroexplosive aluminizing in the presence of silicon carbide it rises by 12 times. It has been shown that after the combined treatment, a multiphase structure forms in the steel 45 alloying zone. This zone consists of martensite packets and lamellas; retained austenite interlayers; ferrite grains and subgrains; austenite cells; submicrometer SiC particles and Al₄SiC₄ nanoparticles; and AlB₁₂, AlFe₄, and Fe₃Si second-phase precipitates. Surface hardening is dude to the formation of a fine-grained nonequilibrium structure containing hardening phases. Electron-beam irradiation smoothes the surface relied, “heals” microcracks, and improves functional properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nanostructured Additive Based on Graphene Oxide and Lignosulfonate on Water Absorption and Thermal Conductivity of Non-Autoclavated Aerated Concrete","authors":"D. Z. M. Aljaboobi, I. V. Burakova, A. E. Burakov, R. J. Sldozian, A. G. Tkachev","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700579","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An assessment of the effect of various modifiers introduced into the composition of non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAC) was made. The modifiers were graphene oxide (GO) in the form of an aqueous suspension, lignosulfonate (LS) and a complex GO/LS additive. The samples of gas blocks containing 0.0001, 0.0002, 0.003 wt% GO and 0.032, 0.16, 0.32 wt% LS and their various combinations were molded. Thermal conductivity and water absorption tests were carried out on the samples of standard and modified NAC aged for 28 days. The research results confirmed the positive effect of reducing thermal conductivity and water absorption, which varied depending on the amount and type of the additive. After the addition of LS, GO, and GO/LS (0.0002/0.16 wt%) modifiers, there was a corresponding reduction in water absorption by 12–34, 30–50, and 63%, respectively, and a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient by 6–12, 14–18, and 29%, respectively. It is assumed that, the introduction of the complex nanomodifier GO/LS increases the degree of crystallinity and homogeneity, as well as changes the composition and size of mineral neoformations of cement stone. Consequently, by changing the structure of silicate matrix through the addition of a modifyer developed by the authors, an improvement in the performance properties of thermal insulating cellular concrete was achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Planar Monoreactive Oscillations","authors":"I. P. Popov","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700403","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that fluctuations of inertial masses are found everywhere. In the field of construction and use of aviation and rocket technology, this topic is of particular importance. Like a three-dimensional plane coordinate system in coordinate plane <i>Z</i>, a multidimensional system with <span>(n)</span> axes <span>(0{{x}_{{z1}}},0{{x}_{{z2}}},...,0{{x}_{{zn}}})</span> turned relative to each other through angles <span>({{2pi } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{2pi } n}} right. kern-0em} n})</span> can be considered. There is an arbitrary vector <span>({mathbf{R}})</span> emanating from the origin 0, <span>({mathbf{R}} subset Z)</span>. It is proved that points <span>({{x}_{1}},{{x}_{2}},...,{{x}_{n}})</span>, which are the coordinates of the end of vector <span>({mathbf{R}})</span> in the coordinate system <span>(0{{x}_{{z1}}},0{{x}_{{z2}}},...,0{{x}_{{zn}}})</span>, are the vertices of a regular polygon. The shape and dimensions of the polygon are not related to the coordinates of vector <span>({mathbf{R}})</span>, i.e., are unchanged. The center of a regular polygon in all cases coincides with the middle of vector <span>({mathbf{R}})</span>. In the considered (idealized) case, the polygon, at the vertices of which there are oscillating loads of masses <i>m</i>, lies in the <i>Z</i> plane (multipiston mechanism). In the considered multidimensional planar monoreactive oscillator, free harmonic linear oscillations of loads can occur. In this case, only kinetic energy is involved in the energy exchange. There is no need for elastic elements. The oscillator has no fixed natural oscillation frequency. The frequency depends on the initial speeds and positions of the loads. A regular polygon <span>({{x}_{1}},{{x}_{2}},...,{{x}_{n}})</span> performs a double rotation (around point 0 and around point <i>r</i>). At the same time, the loads carry out linear harmonic oscillations with amplitude <span>(R)</span>. The use of a crank-slider or crank-and-rod mechanism will allow organizing the parallel movement of goods.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Sinusoidal Oscillations Based on the Mutual Exchange of Kinetic Energy between Three Loads","authors":"I. P. Popov","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700385","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It is noted that free sinusoidal oscillations in a classical mechanical oscillator are due to the mutual transformation of kinetic energy into potential energy. Known is an oscillator, in which free sinusoidal oscillations are accompanied by the transformation of the kinetic energy of an inert element into the same kinetic energy of another inert element. Elements with a different nature of reactivity are absent in such an oscillator. Such an oscillator is essentially monoreactive. The disadvantage of this oscillator is its imbalance due to the asymmetry of the structure, which may require additional vibration protection measures. This drawback can be avoided by using a symmetrical scheme with three loads. For the purposes of this work, it is convenient to use a flat three-coordinate system similar to the three-phase coordinate system used in electrical engineering. For an arbitrary vector <b>R</b> lying in the three-coordinate plane with the origin coinciding with the origin of coordinates, Theorem 1 is true. Coordinates <span>({{x}_{1}})</span>, <span>({{x}_{2}})</span>, <span>({{x}_{3}})</span> of vector <b>R</b> form a regular triangle, the size of which does not change with an arbitrary rotation of vector <b>R</b>. Theorem 2. The middle of vector <b>R</b> is aligned with the center of the triangle <span>({{x}_{1}}{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{3}})</span>. Half of vector <b>R</b> plays the role of a crank, which in real devices is needed to develop angular velocity <span>(omega )</span> and to impart the moment of force to compensate for dissipative losses. In a monoreactive harmonic oscillator with three loads, free sinusoidal oscillations of any given frequency can occur, which is determined solely by the initial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Microhardness and Plasticity Parameter of Lead in External Magnetic Fields with an Induction of up to 0.5 T","authors":"A. A. Serebryakova, D. V. Zaguliaev, V. V. Shlyarov, V. E. Gromov, K. V. Aksenova","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700488","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The microhardness of samples of technically pure lead was measured with and without exposure to an external magnetic field with inductions of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 T. Dependences of the microhardness of the C2 lead surface on the exposure time in a magnetic field were obtained reflecting the influence of the magnetic field on the plastic characteristics of lead. The exposure time during which the effect on microhardness is maximum was identified. Microhardness tests were carried out in addition on samples of technically pure lead without and under the influence of an external magnetic field with inductions of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 T and exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 h. Based on the microhardness data thus obtained, the plasticity parameter of lead in the original state and after exposure to an external magnetic field was calculated and the dependences of the plasticity parameter on the exposure time are shown. The nature of the plasticity parameter variation during lead exposure to a magnetic field with an induction of up to 0.5 T was identified. The percentage changes in microhardness values depending on the magnetic field induction are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towing Couplers of a Multilink Traverser","authors":"I. P. Popov","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700294","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It is known that the toughest stage of operation of a tractor with massive towed objects is the takeoff regime. This is because it is necessary to overcome the force of friction of rest that substantially exceeds the force of friction of motion. As a variant of solution of this problem, the initial kinetic energy of the tractor can be considered, which can evolve when boundedly elastically deformed towing couplers are used. To optimize the mathematical model, the following assumptions are made: towing force <span>(F)</span> at the hook of the tractor is an invariable quantity; the inert masses of the tractor and towed objects are identical and equal to <span>(m)</span>. The initial conditions are as follows: <span>({{{{d}^{2}}{{x}_{2}}} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{{{d}^{2}}{{x}_{2}}} {d{{t}^{2}}}}} right. kern-0em} {d{{t}^{2}}}} = z = 0)</span> for <i>t</i> = 0 because the towing coupler is undeformed, and no force is applied to the towed object. Period <span>({{tau }_{2}})</span> during which the towing coupler experiences the maximal strain is determined. For estimating the effectiveness of application of elastically deformed towing couplers, the obtained results must be compared with analogous results corresponding to absolutely rigid towing couplers. Comparison of displacements, velocities, and energies indicates the high efficiency of application of elastically deformed towing coupler. The use of elastically deformed towing couplers makes it possible to accumulate the initial kinetic energy of an airport tractor, which makes it possible to overcome the force of friction of rest and to ensure the takeoff of heavy objects being towed. Comparison of kinematic and dynamic parameters of the tractor and towed objects in variants with absolutely rigid and elastically deformed towing couplers shows that the efficiency for the latter variant increases with increasing number of towed objects. Elastically deformed towing couplers can cause vibrations of the tractor–towed object system. To prevent such vibrations, towing couplers should be blocked at the instant of their highest straining.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Measuring the Electric Field Strength, which Permits Determining the Error from the Inhomogeneity of the Field and the Distance to Its Source","authors":"S. V. Biryukov, L. V. Tyukina, A. V. Tyukin","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700452","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A new method for measuring the electric field strength using a dual sensor is considered. The method allows one to measure not only the value of the electric field strength, but also to determine its error and the distance from the center of the sensor to the field source. The operability of the method is confirmed by numerical experiment. The experiment showed that the deviation of the error calculated from the theoretical and empirical values obtained in the numerical experiment does not exceed 5% on average, and the deviation of the theoretical distance from the distance obtained empirically in the numerical experiment does not exceed 6%. The possibility of using the method to additionally determine the error and the distance to the field source is considered for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prerequisites for Construction of a Device for Measurements of Electric Field Strength with Determination of the Measurement Error","authors":"S. V. Biryukov","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700336","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>A new solution is proposed for construction of a device for measurement of electric field strength with determination of the measurement error. The device is based on a dual-type sensor, which makes it possible to reduce the error, expand the spatial range of measurement, and instrumentally determine the measurement error from two simultaneous single-point measurements of the field strength obtained with errors of different signs. The ability of the device to instrumentally determine the measurement error is considered for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale for the Choice of Design Parameters of Cylindrical Electric-Field Sensors that Increase the Sensitivity of the Sensor","authors":"S. V. Biryukov","doi":"10.1134/s1063784224700324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784224700324","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A rational choice of design parameters of cylindrical electric-field sensors is carried out to substantially increase the sensitivity. A dependence of the sensor sensitivity on radius <i>R</i>, length <i>h</i>, and angular size θ₀ of its sensitive elements is determined. An analysis of this dependence shows that it is not expedient to increase the sensitivity of the sensor using an increase in its radius <i>R</i> and angular size θ₀ of the sensitive elements, since such parameters are limited by the design dimensions. In particular, an increase in the radius of the sensor aimed at an increase in the sensitivity leads to an unacceptable increase in its size. An increase in angular size θ₀ of the sensitive element is possible only up to optimal values of 58° or 60°. At such values of θ₀, the sensors have errors of σ = ±0.2 and –1%, respectively, in a spatial measurement range of 0 ≤ <i>a</i> ≤ 0.5. The analysis of the dependence of the sensor sensitivity on its design parameters made it possible to single out only one design parameter for a smooth or stepwise increase in the sensor sensitivity. This parameter is length <i>h</i> of the sensitive element of the sensor. In this regard, a telescopic change in length <i>h</i> of the cylindrical base of the sensor and its sensitive elements was used to increase the sensitivity of the cylindrical electric-field sensor, which was implemented in the new design of the sensor. Thus, the study made it possible to create a single-coordinate inductance sensor of the electric field strength of a cylindrical type with the possibility for a smooth or stepwise increase in its sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}