Anatomical Science International最新文献

{"title":"The appearance of external genital organs and anogenital distance in male fetal cadavers","authors":"Gülnur Özgüner,&nbsp;Kenan Öztürk,&nbsp;Ahmet Dursun,&nbsp;Cemil Bilkay,&nbsp;Osman Sulak","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00819-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00819-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the normal size of the male external genital organs and anogenital distance in human fetuses during the fetal period through the anatomic morphometric method. The study was performed on 104 spontaneously aborted human male fetuses aged between 10 and 39 weeks of gestation. Fetuses were divided into groups according to gestational weeks, months, and trimesters. Parameters belonging to the male external genital organs were measured, including penile length and width, transverse scrotal diameter, anterior–posterior scrotal diameter, the distance from the anterior and posterior aspect of the penis to the center of the anus, and the anogenital distance. The mean of each parameter was computed by gestational weeks, months, and trimester groups, and data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. The mean of each parameter increased with gestational age, and statistically significant differences were observed between trimester groups. A high correlation was also determined between gestational age and the parameters measured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"310 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the dorsal cutaneous nerve injury risk and portal safety related to wrist surgery: an anatomical study","authors":"Asli Beril Karakas,&nbsp;Zuhre Asli Ikiz","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00820-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00820-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to define the branching patterns and innervation regions of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve and to evaluate the distance from 1–2, 3–4, 4–5, midcarpal radial, midcarpal ulnar, dorsal radioulnar joint, 6-radial, 6-ulnar dorsal arthroscopy portals to certain landmarks on the dorsal surface of the hand and wrist. Forty hands and wrists of 20 formalin-fixed intact cadavers without any known pathology, surgical scars or trauma were examined in the Macroscopy Laboratory of Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy. Arthroscopy portals were placed using a dorsal approach to the wrist in the dissection method. In our study, the distances between the closest branch to the portal of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the 1–2, 3–4, and midcarpal radial portals were 3.7 ± 2.0, 9.7 ± 3.8, and 8.0 ± 3.4 mm, respectively. And the distances between the closest branch to the portal of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve and the 4–5, 6-radial, 6-ulnar, and midcarpal ulnar portals were 18.3 ± 3.8, 7.1 ± 4.4, 2.5 ± 1.8, and 15.4 ± 4.4 mm, respectively. This study demonstrated that the results can guide surgeons in procedures such as the pin fixation of distal radius fractures, where surgeons may not always perform blunt dissection or expose nerves. The findings of the portal replacement would help any surgical procedure on the dorsal wrist be performed with caution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"318 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Complete” duplication of the posterior cerebral artery: a rare variant detected on computed tomography angiography","authors":"George Triantafyllou,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis,&nbsp;George Tsanis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papanagiotou,&nbsp;George Tsakotos,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00818-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00818-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cerebral arterial circle morphologic variability has been extensively studied. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) variants are rarely identified, except from the first segment (P1) hypoplasia or absence. Due to its unique morphology, the computed tomography angiography (CTA) of a 34-year-old female patient was further investigated. On the right side, the typical PCA originated as the terminal branch of the basilar artery. An accessory PCA was also identified originating from the right internal carotid artery (ICA), while the right posterior communicating artery was absent. This variant corresponds to the “complete” duplication of the PCA. The left-sided PCA originated from the ICA, while the P1 was hypoplastic, representing the “partial fetal-type PCA.” The rest of the cerebral arterial circle was typical. The present case of PCA “complete” duplication corresponds to a scarce variant, with a reported prevalence of 0.04%, while the fetal-type PCA is the most commonly observed variant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"370 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evolutionary advantage of flexor pollicis longus accessory head and topographical association with neurovascular structures","authors":"Amit Kumar Shreevastava,&nbsp;Rajat Subhra Das","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00813-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00813-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human upper limb has undergone various evolutionary myologic changes, accompanied by corresponding modifications in the anatomical course of neurovascular structures. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the emergence of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (AHFPL) muscle as a beneficial biomechanical evolutionary development and its topographical relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures. In this pursuit to understand this phenomenon, dissections were conducted on sixty-two upper limbs from thirty-one cadavers. We found a strong positive correlation between the length of the AHFPL and the distance of the branching point of the brachial artery, ulnar artery, and median nerve into the anterior interosseous nerve. Additionally, we noted a significant negative correlation between the width of the AHFPL muscle and the angle formed between the long axes of the FPL and AHFPL. This increases the angle between the resultant vector and the FPL muscle, decreasing the angle between the AHFPL and the resultant force. Consequently, the resulting force shifts from the initial radial position to a slightly ulnar side, balancing the muscle forces at the same point. The authors hypothesize that this resultant vector provides a biomechanical advantage for the thumb, enhancing emphatic grip precision, providing extra power, and enabling meticulous cupping grip when using tools. Rather than considering the presence of AHFPL as a mere anatomical variation, it should be viewed as an advantageous evolutionary biomechanical development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"298 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral asymmetrical variation of median artery in coexistence with bifid median nerve and variation in the origin and course of its palmar cutaneous branch: a case study with clinical implications","authors":"Sajad Seyyedin,&nbsp;Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00817-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00817-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The median artery typically regresses after two months of intrauterine life, although it may persist into adulthood in some individuals. The presence of a persistent median artery (PMA) may be associated with other anatomical variations including a bifid median nerve. In the present cadaveric study, we report a rare variation of bilateral asymmetry of PMA associated with the bifid median nerve, and unilateral variation of the origin and course of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN) which to our knowledge, is the first study to report all these variations in an individual. Classical dissection of the upper limb was performed on a 45-year-old male cadaver. The cadaver was donated to the Department of Anatomy at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Bilateral PMA was observed in both upper limbs. The PMA originated from the ulnar artery and contributed to the formation of an incomplete superficial palmar arch (SPA) on both sides; however, the branching pattern of these arteries was different between the right and left hands. Also, a bilateral high division of the median nerve was observed proximal to the carpal tunnel. We also encountered a very rare variation of PCBMN, in which it originated from the ulnar side of the median nerve, and passed beneath the flexor retinaculum of the left hand. Awareness of anatomical variations of the median nerve and also the presence of PMA is of utmost importance due to their implication in carpal tunnel syndrome and surgical complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"366 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The anatomy of the common iliac artery: a meta-analysis based on 5785 cases","authors":"Mateusz Koziej,&nbsp;Julia Toppich,&nbsp;Jakub Wilk,&nbsp;Dawid Plutecki,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski,&nbsp;Daniel Rams,&nbsp;Marta Fijałkowska,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Małgorzata Mazur,&nbsp;Renata Pacholczak-Madej,&nbsp;Jerzy Walocha,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 1","pages":"36 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of dopaminergic neuron-specific mitochondrial morphology and function using tyrosine hydroxylase reporter iPSC lines","authors":"Mutsumi Yokota","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00816-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00816-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changes in mitochondrial function and morphology contribute to the development of many neurological diseases. Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases suspected to be associated with defects in mitochondrial function and quality control. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a well-known pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. It is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease to analyze mitochondrial function and morphology specific to dopaminergic neurons using live-cell imaging or electron microscopy. However, the cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells generally comprise heterogeneous populations. We generated <i>tyrosine hydroxylase</i> (<i>TH</i>) reporter iPSC lines to distinguish dopaminergic neurons from other cells for live-cell imaging and electron microscopy. This review summarizes previous studies utilizing the <i>TH</i> reporter iPSC lines and discusses the importance of studying mitochondria specific to dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, it provides overviews of recent studies reporting changes in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites in Parkinson’s disease models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"155 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical aspects of os trigonum: a meta-analysis","authors":"Maciej Preinl,&nbsp;Aleksander Osiowski,&nbsp;Kacper Stolarz,&nbsp;Maksymilian Osiowski,&nbsp;Dominik Taterra","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Os trigonum (OT) is one of the most common accessory ossicles in the foot and ankle region. It is believed that OT was first described by Rosenmuller in 1804, but von Bardeleben is the one who coined the nomenclature for this anatomical variation in 1883. The literature indicates that OT is extremely variable in prevalence, with reported rates ranging from 1.7% to 32.5%. In clinical practice, OT is a considerable factor that may predispose patients to posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS). The aim of this study was to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of OT. We conducted a comprehensive search of the main electronic databases to find the relevant research. Information concerning geographical origin, prevalence, gender distribution, imaging modality, and morphometry of OT was extracted. The PRISMA guidelines were strictly followed throughout the study. The reliability of the included studies was assessed using the AQUA tool. A total of 41 studies (n = 36,612 feet) were included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that OT was present in 9.0% (95% CI: 7.4–10.8) of the feet, and was present bilaterally in 32.7% (95% CI: 23.3–43.7) of cases. Regarding the types of imaging modality used in the evaluation of OT by the included studies, prevalence assessed by X-rays was 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8–9.9), MRI was 24.2% (95% CI: 14.6–37.3), CT was 21.0% (95% CI: 12.8–32.5), and cadaveric dissection was 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4–7.4). OT was most commonly found in East Asia (11.0%, 95% CI: 7.1–16.8). Two studies provided enough data to calculate the odds ratio linking PAIS with OT. The analysis showed that patients with PAIS are almost 16 times more likely to have OT compared to those without PAIS (OR = 15.98, 95% CI = 0.255–1002.8). OT is a very common accessory ossicle and is present in nearly one in 10 feet. The highest prevalence is noted in the East Asian population. MRI and CT show the highest prevalence of OT. It is important to keep in mind the possible presence of OT when a patient is diagnosed with PAIS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"287 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variant anatomy of the iliac veins and presence of two venous rings around the arteries in the pelvis","authors":"Satheesha B. Nayak,&nbsp;Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00812-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00812-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Internal iliac vein drains the pelvic viscera, gluteal region, and the perineal region. Knowledge of its variations is of importance to radiologists, gynecologists, and orthopedic surgeons. We found one of the rare variations of the internal iliac vein during our cadaveric dissections. The right internal iliac vein had anterior and posterior trunks. The anterior trunk joined the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein. The posterior trunk terminated into the common iliac vein. There was a broad communication between anterior and posterior trunks. Further, there were two venous rings formed by the tributaries of the internal iliac veins. One of them surrounded the superior gluteal artery and the other surrounded the internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries. Here, we discuss the clinical importance of the case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"256 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms governing GLI proteins in hedgehog signaling","authors":"Saishu Yoshida,&nbsp;Kiyotsugu Yoshida","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00814-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00814-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for regulating cell growth, survival, fate determination, and the overall patterning of both vertebrate and invertebrate body plans. Aberrations in Hh signaling are associated with congenital abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In vertebrates, Hh signaling depends uniquely on primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles that extend from the cell surface. Over the last 2 decades, studies have demonstrated that key molecules regulating Hh signaling dynamically accumulate in primary cilia via intraflagellar transport systems. Moreover, through the primary cilia, extracellular signals are converted to stabilize GLI2 and GLI3 that are transcription factors that play a central role in regulating Hh signaling at the post-translational modification level. Recent in vivo and anatomical studies have uncovered crucial molecules that facilitate the conversion of extracellular signals into the intracellular stabilization of GLI2/GLI3 via primary cilia, emphasizing their essential roles in tissue development and tumorigenesis. This review explores the regulatory mechanisms of GLI2/GLI3 with a focus on mammalian tissue development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"143 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}