Anatomical Science International最新文献_第9页

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00766-6

Kiyoung Ryu, Okto Lee, Jaesook Roh

{"title":"Age-related changes in densitometry and histomorphometry of long bone during the pubertal growth spurt in male rats","authors":"Kiyoung Ryu, Okto Lee, Jaesook Roh","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00766-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00766-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because experimental studies to determine the developmental toxicity of exposure to various substances in children are impossible, many studies use immature male rats. This study aimed to provide normative data for longitudinal bone growth with age during the puberty in male rats. In order to evaluate long bone growth and mineralization we examined bone size and bone density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, analyzed histomorphometry of the growth plate, and serum hormone levels relevant to bone growth from postnatal day (PD)20 to PD60. The length and weight of long bones increased strongly by PD40, and no further increase was observed after PD50. On the other hand, tibial growth plate height decreased sharply after PD50 along with a reduction in the number of cells and columns, which was probably responsible for the absence of further lengthening of long bones. Parameters related to bone formation such as bone area ratio, and the thickness and number of trabeculae, also increased significantly between PD40 and PD50. Furthermore, serum levels of IGF-1 peaked at PD30 and testosterone increased rapidly on and after PD40, when IGF-1 levels were going down. These changes may participate in the parallel increase in mineral acquisition, as well as lengthening of long bones. Our findings provide comprehensive data for changes in bone density, histomorphometry of long bones, and hormone levels relevant to bone growth during the growth spurt. This will be useful for planning animal toxicological studies, particularly for deciding on the appropriate age of animals to use in given experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 3","pages":"268 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hundreds of body parts are named after hair: is anatomical terminology supercilious or simply super silly? 数以百计的身体部位以头发命名：解剖学术语究竟是高高在上，还是愚蠢至极？

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00765-7

Matthew J. Zdilla

{"title":"Hundreds of body parts are named after hair: is anatomical terminology supercilious or simply super silly?","authors":"Matthew J. Zdilla","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00765-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00765-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relatively more-apparent body parts are often used to name relatively less-apparent body parts. To explore this etymological phenomenon, this report assesses anatomical terminology derived from some of the most apparent structures of the human body—hairs. Hair-related anatomical terminology involves varied etymons, roots, and derivatives: <i>calvus</i> “bald,” <i>cilia</i> “eyelashes,” <i>glaber</i> “hairless,” <i>pilus</i> “hair,” <i>pubes</i> (historically referring to the developing beard), <i>pudendum</i> “modesty” (referring to hair growth that covers genitalia), <i>tempus</i> “time” (referring to the location where hair commonly grays, thus showing a person’s age), and <i>tragus</i> “goat” (referring to the tuft of hair that resembles the beard of a goat). Also including <i>lanugo</i>, <i>vibrissae</i>, <i>hirci</i>, <i>flocculus</i>, and <i>cauda equina,</i> a systematic review of Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Neuroanatomica revealed 285 unique non-duplicate hair-related terms<i>.</i> Several anatomical terms allude to particular age groups or sexes, but are used indiscriminately (e.g., <i>tragus</i> alludes to the older male ear, though may describe the fetal female ear). Likewise, human-centric anatomical terminology influences non-human anatomical terminology— a turtle has a “temporal bone” only because some humans develop gray hair on the sides of their heads as they age. Accordingly, etymological recursion is common: The human ear has a tragus, named after the goat, and the goat ear has a tragus, named after the human tragus, that was named after the goat. The use of Latin as the foundation of anatomical and medical terminology may appear seriously supercilious; however, it is often simply super silly. After all, hundreds of body parts are formally named after hair.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":"481 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manners of terminology and description in Galen’s anatomy in the ancient Rome and their historical consequences up to the modern time 古罗马盖伦解剖学中的术语和描述方式及其直至现代的历史影响

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00768-4

Tatsuo Sakai, Fukushima Masayuki

{"title":"Manners of terminology and description in Galen’s anatomy in the ancient Rome and their historical consequences up to the modern time","authors":"Tatsuo Sakai, Fukushima Masayuki","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00768-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00768-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oldest extant anatomy textbooks compiled in ancient Rome were by Galen who described in writing most of the various parts and organs of the body. History tells us that ever since the time of Galen, anatomical terminology would be a necessary and beneficial feature, but it also brought unexpected and annoying consequences into the field. The benefits are readily apparent in the case of muscle terminology. Galen identified more than 150 different kinds of skeletal muscles, most of which were unnamed, hence difficult to identify without professional knowledge of anatomy. Vesalius introduced detailed anatomical illustrations in <i>Fabrica</i> (1543), which made the identification of the muscles easier. Bauhin then introduced proper descriptive names for the muscles in <i>Theatrum anatomicum</i> (1605), which enabled the identification of the muscles without illustrations. After the terminology became complex and diverse, a logically consistent standard nomenclature was established by <i>Nomina anatomica</i> (1895). The unexpected consequences may be found in the terminology of bones and joints. Galen gave 39 proper names for individual bones, and classified and termed the types of bony joints. Many of these terms have survived in modern anatomy as literal translations of the bone terms, as well as the joint terms. The annoying consequences may be found in the terminology of intestines. Galen divided the small and large intestines into three portions, such that the major part of the small intestine suspended by the mesentery was divided into two without sufficient reason. The Latin translations of jejunum and ileum were, respectively assigned to them by Mondino in his <i>Anatomia</i> written in 1316.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":"348 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nomina anatomica-unde venient et quo vaditis? Nomina anatomica-unde venient et quo vaditis?

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00762-w

Michael L. Pretterklieber

{"title":"Nomina anatomica-unde venient et quo vaditis?","authors":"Michael L. Pretterklieber","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00762-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00762-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the title indicates, this article deals with the origins of anatomic terminology and its development up to the present day. The first attempt to name anatomical structures in animals and humans date back to Alkmaion, i.e. to the fifth century BC. Further work has been done at the same time by the Hippocratics and about 100 years later by Aristotle. As the Alexandrians Erasistratos and Herophilos first in history dissected human bodies, they expanded the anatomical terms. Until Celsus (around Christ’s birth) and even later on, anatomical terminology was almost exclusively based on the Greek language. Thus, Celsus and not—as frequently done—Galenos has to be called the father of Latin-based anatomical terminology. Due to several translations including Arabic, first periods of proverbial Bable resulted. Return to systematic order was achieved finally by Andreas Vesal (1514/15–1564) and Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624). But again due to translations into several national languages, the uniformity of the anatomical nomenclature was undermined. Thus, by the end of the nineteenth century, in 1895 the newly founded Anatomische Gesellschaft created a uniform terminology, the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA). Although it has been revised several times, it is still the very basic of human anatomical terminology. Recently, an attempt was made to replace it by English translations of the original Latin (and also still Greek) terms to mainly get machine-readable denominations. As this will result again in non-uniformity of terminology, the Anatomische Gesellschaft proposes a version of the latest, generally accepted terminology, based on the Latin terms but incorporating recent developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":"333 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00762-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The alveolar canals and foramina in the first edition of Terminologia Oroanatomica: a preview 第一版《口腔解剖学术语》中的牙槽和牙孔：预览

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00764-8

Joe Iwanaga

引用次数: 0

Coexistence of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery with a left maxillary artery medial to the mandibular nerve 食道后右侧锁骨下动脉与下颌神经内侧左侧上颌动脉并存。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00763-9

Osamu Tadokoro

{"title":"Coexistence of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery with a left maxillary artery medial to the mandibular nerve","authors":"Osamu Tadokoro","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00763-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00763-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This case report describes the coexistence of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery and left maxillary artery which passed deep to the mandibular nerve. An 88-year-old woman died of acute heart failure, and the postmortem revealed that the right subclavian artery originated from the aortic arch as the last branch at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra, then passed between the esophagus and the vertebral column. The artery then ascended right superiorly and passed behind the anterior scalene muscle. The right vertebral artery arose from the retroesophageal right subclavian artery and entered the transverse foramen of the sixth cervical vertebra. The left maxillary artery branched at the common trunk of the posterior deep temporal and the inferior alveolar arteries. The maxillary artery then turned anteromedially and branched to give the middle meningeal artery. The mandibular nerve gave off the buccal nerve, deep temporal nerve and a thick nerve just below the foramen ovale. The auriculotemporal nerve that branched from the thick nerve ran deep to the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery turned anteriorly, passing deep to the branches. The artery then split to give the buccal artery and the anterior deep temporal artery. In the pterygopalatine section, the maxillary artery branched off to form the common trunk of the infraorbital and sphenopalatine arteries and the posterior superior alveolar artery. It may be necessary to pay attention to the course of the maxillary artery and its relationship to the mandibular nerve branches, when a retroesophageal right subclavian artery is seen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 3","pages":"320 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can AnatomicalTerms.info with its synonyms and succinct open definitions be a solution to address variations in usage of anatomical terminology? AnatomicalTerms.info 具有同义词和简洁的公开定义，能否成为解决解剖术语用法差异的解决方案？

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00761-x

O. Paul Gobée, Sara Sulaiman, Noel T. Boaz, Amy Lovejoy Mork, Ian Whitmore

{"title":"Can AnatomicalTerms.info with its synonyms and succinct open definitions be a solution to address variations in usage of anatomical terminology?","authors":"O. Paul Gobée, Sara Sulaiman, Noel T. Boaz, Amy Lovejoy Mork, Ian Whitmore","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00761-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00761-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anatomy, the study of human structure, is foundational to medicine. Its language has a long history, with contributions from authors hailing from diverse cultures and countries, adhering to various scientific traditions, speaking different languages, and practicing medicine across a wide gamut of specialties. The resultant disparity in terms provides challenges both for students in learning and for interdisciplinary communication. We report here on a user-friendly look-up web site, “AnatomicalTerms.info” that links a <i>Terminologica Anatomica</i> term to alternative terms in usage: synonyms, polysemes, eponyms, homonyms, and terms in other languages. Accompanying open-source definitions are generated with the help of “Definition Machine” software, that supports creating the most concise and accessible definitions for anatomical terms, eschewing superfluous description, thus reducing cognitive load of learners of anatomy looking up terms. AnatomicalTerms.info is a readily accessible online source for both the authoritative and alternatively used terms that can accurately cross-reference and/or disambiguate anatomical structures across disciplinary and cultural divides. As such, it can serve as a useful educational and clinical resource that is also flexibly open to additions and expansion as anatomical and clinical needs dictate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":"378 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terminologia anatomica: evolution but not revolution 解剖学术语：进化而非革命。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00760-y

Jens Waschke

引用次数: 0

Towards a Terminologia Anatomica Humana 人类解剖学术语》。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00759-5

Hans J. ten Donkelaar, Robert Baud, David Kachlik

{"title":"Towards a Terminologia Anatomica Humana","authors":"Hans J. ten Donkelaar, Robert Baud, David Kachlik","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00759-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00759-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unfortunately, the long-awaited revision of the official anatomical nomenclature, the <i>Terminologia Anatomica 2</i> (TA2), which was issued in 2019 and after a referendum among the Member Societies officially approved by the General Assembly of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 2020, is built on a new version of the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules. This breaks with many traditional views of terminology. These changes in the <i>Terminologia Anatomica</i> of 1998 (TA98) met great resistance within many European Anatomical Societies and their members are not willing to use terms following the RAT rules. European anatomy teachers and scientists using traditional Latin in their teaching, textbooks and atlases will keep using the TA98. The German Anatomical Society (Anatomische Gesellschaft) recently announced the usage of the TA2023AG in curricular anatomical media such as textbooks and atlases, based on the TA98 and the <i>Terminologia Neuroanatomica</i> (TNA). We are preparing a more extensive improvement of the TA98, called <i>Terminologia Anatomica Humana</i> (TAH). This project is fully based on the noncontroversial terms of TA98, incorporating the recent digital version (2022) of the TNA from 2017. Further, it is completed with many new terms, including those in TA2, along with their definitions and relevant references, clinical terms, and correcting inconsistencies in the TA98. The TAH is still in process, but many chapters are already freely available at the IFAA Website in Fribourg (https://ifaa.unifr.ch) as is the digital version of the TNA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":"387 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unpredictable chronic mild stress shows neuronal remodeling in multipolar projection neurons of hippocampal complex in postnatal chicks 不可预测的慢性轻度应激会导致出生后小鸡海马复合体多极投射神经元的神经元重塑。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Anatomical Science International Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00758-6

Hemlata Arya, Kavita Tamta, Adarsh Kumar, Shweta Arya, Ram Chandra Maurya

{"title":"Unpredictable chronic mild stress shows neuronal remodeling in multipolar projection neurons of hippocampal complex in postnatal chicks","authors":"Hemlata Arya, Kavita Tamta, Adarsh Kumar, Shweta Arya, Ram Chandra Maurya","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00758-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00758-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hippocampal complex of birds is a narrow-curved strip of tissue that plays a crucial role in learning, memory, spatial navigation, and emotional and sexual behavior. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress in multipolar neurons of 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-week-old chick’s hippocampal complex. This study revealed that chronic stress results in neuronal remodeling by causing alterations in dendritic field, axonal length, secondary branching, corrected spine number, and dendritic branching at 25, 50, 75, and 100 µm. Due to stress, the overall dendritic length was significantly retracted in 3-week-old chick, whereas no significant difference was observed in 5- and 7-week-old chick, but again it was significantly retracted in 9-week-old chick along with the axonal length. So, this study indicates that during initial days of stress exposure, the dendritic field shows retraction, but when the stress continues up to a certain level, the neurons undergo structural modifications so that chicks adapt and survive in stressful conditions. The repeated exposure to chronic stress for longer duration leads to the neuronal structural disruption by retraction in the dendritic length as well as axonal length. Another characteristic which leads to structural alterations is the dendritic spines which significantly decreased in all age groups of stressed chicks and eventually leads to less synaptic connections, disturbance in physiology, and neurology, which affects the learning, memory, and coping ability of an individual.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"99 3","pages":"254 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140048615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0