Anatomical Science International最新文献

{"title":"If text recycling refers to self-plagiarism, how does ChatGPT induce plagiarism? Originality for future science","authors":"Sén Takeda","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00732-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00732-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9920484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical anatomy of the precuneus and pathogenesis of the schizophrenia","authors":"Antonino Messina,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cuccì,&nbsp;Caterina Crescimanno,&nbsp;Maria Salvina Signorelli","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00730-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00730-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent evidence has shown that the precuneus plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The precuneus is a structure of the parietal lobe's medial and posterior cortex, representing a central hub involved in multimodal integration processes. Although neglected for several years, the precuneus is highly complex and crucial for multimodal integration. It has extensive connections with different cerebral areas and is an interface between external stimuli and internal representations. In human evolution, the precuneus has increased in size and complexity, allowing the development of higher cognitive functions, such as visual-spatial ability, mental imagery, episodic memory, and other tasks involved in emotional processing and mentalization. This paper reviews the functions of the precuneus and discusses them concerning the psychopathological aspects of schizophrenia. The different neuronal circuits, such as the default mode network (DMN), in which the precuneus is involved and its alterations in the structure (grey matter) and the disconnection of pathways (white matter) are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of the CP and CG using 2D and 3D visualisation approaches","authors":"Matthew Boulton,&nbsp;Faith Kwa,&nbsp;Ali Al-Rubaie","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00729-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00729-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigations on the structural variations in the cribriform plate (CP), olfactory foramina and the Crista Galli showcase the benefits of using 3D imaging on smaller structures. These techniques reveal accurate details about bone morphology and density. Comparing different techniques, this project aims to examine the correlation between the CP, olfactory foramina, and Crista Galli. Computed tomography was used to translate and apply the findings acquired from the samples in radiographic studies on CPs for potential clinical significance. The findings show that the surface area measurements were significantly larger when using 3D imaging techniques in comparison with the 2D counterpart. Using 2D imaging, the maximum surface area of the CPs was 239.54 mm², however, paired 3D samples showed the maximum surface area was 355.51 mm². The findings show that Crista Galli’s dimensions varied greatly, with length ranging from 15 to 26 mm, height ranging from 5 to 18 mm, and width ranging from 2 to 7 mm. The 3D imaging allowed for surface area measurements on the Crista Galli, and the surface area ranged from 130 to 390 mm². When 3D imaging was used, significant correlations were found between the surface area of the CP and the length of the Crista Galli (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The findings show that measurements on the Crista Galli using 2D and 3D reconstructed radiographic imaging reflect similar ranges of dimensions to 3D imaging measurements. The findings also suggest that the Crista Galli may increase in length with the CP to support the latter and olfactory bulb during trauma which may be used by clinicians alongside 2D CT scans for optimal diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-023-00729-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whereof one cannot see, thereof one must be silent","authors":"Sén Takeda","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00706-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00706-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50516134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissection, digitization, and three-dimensional modelling: a high-fidelity anatomical visualization and imaging technology","authors":"Takamitsu Arakawa,&nbsp;Emma Campisi,&nbsp;John Tran,&nbsp;Anne M. R. Agur","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00725-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00725-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technological advances have enabled the development of a novel technique of dissection, digitization and three-dimensional modelling of skeletal muscle and other tissues including neurovascular structures as in situ over the last 25 years. Meticulous serial dissection followed by digitization is used to collect Cartesian coordinate data of the contractile and connective tissue elements throughout the entire muscle volume. The Cartesian coordinate can then be used to construct high-fidelity three-dimensional models that capture the spatial arrangement of the contractile and connective tissue elements as in situ enabling detailed studies of the arrangement of the fiber bundles and their attachment sites to aponeuroses, tendon, and bone. In the laboratory, we have concurrently developed a computational methodology to quantify architectural parameters, including fiber bundle length, pennation angle, volume, physiological cross-sectional area in three-dimensional space. In this paper, a flexor digitorum superficialis specimen will be used to demonstrate the high-fidelity outcomes of dissection, digitization, and three-dimensional modelling. This three-step methodology provides a unique opportunity to study muscle architecture in three dimensions, as in situ. Knowledge translation from the anatomy laboratory to the clinical setting has been highly successful.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collateral projections from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta to the nucleus accumbens and insular cortex in the rat","authors":"Cheng-Bo He,&nbsp;Yuan Jin,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Bai Yang,&nbsp;Mang Xu,&nbsp;Juan Yang,&nbsp;Xi-Nan Yi,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Dong,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Yun-Qing Li","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00728-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00728-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) regions including ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are involved in diverse brain functions. Previous studies demonstrated that the VTA/SNc to nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway is critical in reward and motivation. Moreover, DAergic innervations within the insular cortex (IC) are reported to play important roles in pain regulation. To investigate whether VTA/SNc sends collateral projections to NAc and IC, we injected retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the NAc and Fluorescent retrograde tracer beads (RetroBeads) into the ipsilateral IC in rats. Then, to detect whether collateral projection neurons participate in neuropathic pain, parts of the rats received the spare nerve injury (SNI) surgery. The immunofluorescence staining results showed that FG, RetroBeads, and FG/RetroBeads double-labeled neurons were distributed in the VTA/SNc bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance. The proportion of FG/RetroBeads double-labeled neurons to the total number of FG and RetroBeads-labeled neurons was 16.7% and 30.3%, respectively. About 90.3% of FG/RetroBeads double-labeled neurons showed DAergic neuron marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (IR), whereas, only 7.5% exhibited a subset of GABAergic inhibitory projection neuron marker parvalbumin (PV)-IR. One week after SNI, about 53.1% and 33.6% of FG- and RetroBeads-labeled neurons were FG/Fos- and RetroBeads/Fos-IR neurons, respectively. Finally, about 35.9% of the FG/RetroBeads double-labeled neurons showed Fos-IR. The present study indicates that parts of DAergic and PV-IR GABAergic neurons in the VTA/SNc send collateral projections to both NAc and IC, which are activated under SNI-induced neuropathic pain, and probably contribute to the regulation of nociception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-023-00728-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variations in the intra- and intervertebral trabecular microarchitecture of the osteoporotic axial skeleton","authors":"Guido Schröder,&nbsp;Anna Maria Baginski,&nbsp;Marko Schulze,&nbsp;Laura Hiepe,&nbsp;Semjon Bugaichuk,&nbsp;Heiner Martin,&nbsp;Julian Ramin Andresen,&nbsp;Mario Moritz,&nbsp;Reimer Andresen,&nbsp;Hans-Christof Schober","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00726-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00726-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trabecular structures in vertebral bodies are unequally distributed in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, and also within individual vertebrae. Knowledge of the microstructure of these entities could influence our comprehension and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, and even surgical procedures. Appropriate investigations may clarify the pathomechanisms of various osteoporotic fractures (fish, wedge-shaped, and flat vertebrae). We obtained three cancellous bone cylinders from the centers and margins of cervical vertebra 3 to lumbar vertebra 5, and investigated these in regard of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, separation, trabecular number, trabecular bone pattern factor, connectivity density, and degree of anisotropy. Using a Jamshidi needle^®, we obtained samples from three quadrants (QI: right-sided edge, QII: central, QIII: left-sided edge) of 242 prepared vertebrae, and investigated these on a micro-CT device. In all, 726 bone samples were taken from eleven body donors. Bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and the degree of anisotropy were significantly lower in QII than in QI and QIII. Trabecular pattern factor, however, was significantly higher in QII than in QI and QIII. The results helped to explain fish vertebrae. Wedge fractures and flat vertebrae are most likely caused by the complex destruction of trabecular and cortical structures. The higher bone volume fraction in the cervical spine compared to the thoracic and lumbar spine accounts for the small number of fractures in the cervical spine. The marked trabecular pattern factor in the center of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae could be a reason for the surgeon to use different screw designs for individual vertebrae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10244751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of root canal lengths and pulp volume of the maxillary permanent first molar based on stature, crown diameters, and facial morphometry","authors":"Fatma Pertek Hatipoğlu,&nbsp;Banu Arıcıoğlu,&nbsp;Ömer Hatipoğlu,&nbsp;Taha Emre Köse,&nbsp;Dilara Nil Günaçar","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00727-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00727-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study purposed to develop statistical models to predict palatal (PRL), mesial (MRL), and distal (DRL) root canal length and pulp volume (PV) of the maxillary first permanent molar using stature, gender, mesiodistal (MD), and buccopalatal (BP) crown diameters and some facial morphometries. 57 individuals were included in the study. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure root canal lengths and PV. The PV calculation was carried out using the software ITK-SNAP 3.4.0. PRL was positively correlated with BP, stature, middle facial height, interalar distance, and bicommissural distance (BCD) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). DRL was positively correlated with BP, MD, and stature (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). MRL was positively correlated with BP, MD, stature, lower face height, bizygomatic distance, and BCD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). PV was negatively correlated with age and BCD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Although all models have significant predictive power for the root lengths and PV, no model could explain variances greater than 30%. The highest and lowest predictive ability was obtained for PRL and DRL, respectively. While the most significant predictor was BP for PRL and DRL, it was the age for PV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conduct of body donation and cadaveric dissection training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, impacts and mitigation","authors":"Li Ping Wong,&nbsp;Haridah Alias,&nbsp;Sik-Loo Tan,&nbsp;Aik Saw","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00723-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00723-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP), a programme in which members of the public may pledge their bodies to be used for medical training and research after their death. This study aimed to explore the conduct of body donations and simulation surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of the committee members of the SMP and the next-of-kin of body donor pledgers. This study utilised a qualitative exploration method to seek an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. In-depth individual interviews were carried out. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of themes. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is compulsory before accepting a body donation, and this resulted in the turning down of several donations. Being a donor is the final wish of pledgers and this turning down led to a negative emotional remorseful feeling in the next-of-kin of pledgers. From the perspective of students, it is feared that the conduct of the programme, particularly the home visit session being held online, has impeded teaching of humanistic values, compassion, and empathy, which is the prime philosophy of the programme. Previous to the pandemic, the programme ceremonies were well-attended, denoting the utmost respect and recognition of the mentors; however, travel restrictions due to the pandemic limiting in-person attendance resulted in ceremonies becoming less impactful. Continuous postponements of cadaveric dissection training also resulted in students missing training opportunities, hence potentially impairing their professional practice and humanistic values in the medical profession. Counselling interventions should be directed at easing the negative psychological impact on the next-of-kin of pledgers. As the COVID-19 pandemic may pose a significant impediment to achieving the educational outcomes of cadaveric dissection training, efforts to make up for these gaps are essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-023-00723-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9868277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional ultrastructure analysis of organelles in injured motor neuron","authors":"Hiromi Tamada","doi":"10.1007/s12565-023-00720-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-023-00720-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morphological analysis of organelles is one of the important clues for understanding the cellular conditions and mechanisms occurring in cells. In particular, nanoscale information within crowded intracellular organelles of tissues provide more direct implications when compared to analyses of cells in culture or isolation. However, there are some difficulties in detecting individual shape using light microscopy, including super-resolution microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wherein the ultrastructure can be imaged at the membrane level, cannot determine the whole structure, and analyze it quantitatively. Volume EM, such as focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), can be a powerful tool to explore the details of three-dimensional ultrastructures even within a certain volume, and to measure several parameters from them. In this review, the advantages of FIB/SEM analysis in organelle studies are highlighted along with the introduction of mitochondrial analysis in injured motor neurons. This would aid in understanding the morphological details of mitochondria, especially those distributed in the cell bodies as well as in the axon initial segment (AIS) in mouse tissues. These regions have not been explored thus far due to the difficulties encountered in accessing their images by conditional microscopies. Some mechanisms of nerve regeneration have also been discussed with reference to the obtained findings. Finally, future perspectives on FIB/SEM are introduced. The combination of biochemical and genetic understanding of organelle structures and a nanoscale understanding of their three-dimensional distribution and morphology will help to match achievements in genomics and structural biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-023-00720-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}