Solid Fuel Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Mechanochemical Activation of Ashes from Lignite-Coal Thermal Power Plants as a Method for Increasing the Extraction of Rare Earth and Dispersed Elements","authors":"A. E. Karpova,&nbsp;T. S. Skripkina,&nbsp;S. S. Shatskaya","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925601044","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925601044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rare earth elements (REEs) and rare elements (REs) are important materials for high-tech industries. To date, coal and coal ash have been recognized as a promising economically profitable alternative source of rare earth elements; however, the implementation of their extraction processes requires the development of new approaches to concentration and leaching. In this work, waste from large lignite-coal thermal power plants in Novosibirsk was studied as a source of rare earth and rare elements. The morphology and phase composition of the samples were analyzed, and elemental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that the studied samples were characterized by increased gallium content. The effect of preliminary mechanochemical activation (MCA) of ash on the degree of extraction of target elements has been studied. The MCA was performed in the presence of various complex-forming reagents (oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, urea, EDTA, humic acids, and their salts). The composition of the aqueous extracts from the treated samples was analyzed in detail. It has been shown that the highest degree of gallium extraction was achieved when using sodium humate as a complex-forming agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"42 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of 4-Amino-3,5,6-Trichloropyridine-2-Carboxylic Acid on Activated Carbon in an Aqueous Medium","authors":"S. A. Bulkin,&nbsp;M. D. Vedenyapina,&nbsp;A. K. Rakishev,&nbsp;L. R. Sharifullina","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925601172","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925601172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The kinetics of adsorption of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (picloram) on a mesoporous carbon material has been studied. The effective ratio of adsorbent mass to solution volume at various concentrations in the solution for optimal picloram extraction on the adsorbent sample under study was determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Microwave Irradiation on the Adsorption Process of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Microporous Activated Carbon","authors":"M. D. Vedenyapina,&nbsp;S. A. Kulayshin,&nbsp;G. I. Konstantinov,&nbsp;M. V. Tsodikov","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600148","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The efficiency of microwave irradiation of a microporous sample of coconut shell activated carbon was assessed using physicochemical methods. After each adsorption–microwave irradiation cycle, the porous structure parameters of the adsorbent and adsorption characteristics relative to the original sample were determined. It was shown that the microwave irradiation method is not suitable for microporous samples of coconut shell activated carbons on adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on them.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"16 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Harvesting from Agro Biomass in the Form of Solid Briquettes and Its Combustion Characteristics: A Review","authors":"Sampathkumar Velusamy,&nbsp;Krishnamurthy Kasilingam,&nbsp;Tamilvanan Ayyasamy,&nbsp;Manoj Shanmugamoorthy,&nbsp;Navaneethan Kumaravalasu Subramaniam,&nbsp;Vivek Sivakumar,&nbsp;Anandakumar Subbaiyan","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925601032","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925601032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural residues are still being burned in the open field despite the current sufficient availability of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source because they are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and ambient air pollution. Although numerous studies have been reported on biomass briquetting, the available literature is very disjointed, and there is lack of synthesis between feedstock characteristics, processing modalities, and thermochemical characteristics and fuel characteristics. This is a critical review of the process of converting agricultural waste into briquettes, as it is an issue on how choice of raw materials, densification and compositional properties affect the quality of briquettes produced. Proximate and ultimate analyses are methodically investigated in order to determine important determinants of calorific value, durability, and combustion efficiency. Further, the data of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are relatively evaluated to explain the process of thermal degradation and reaction pattern- an aspect that has been largely ignored by previous reviews. The results were that the high ash content always has a notable limitation of the energy performance, but the moisture loss and thermal stability is mostly controlled by lignin, cellulose, and intrinsic moisture content. This novelty of this review lies within its incorporation of compositional evaluation with thermal characterization to outline more concrete performance indicators of agricultural briquettes. The findings highlight the possibility of locally available agricultural residues as a cheap and sustainable solid fuel, and place briquetting as a successful approach to reducing the burning of residues and promoting the development of a circular bioenergy system in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"69 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Thermal Treatment of Sewage Sludge on the Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical Properties of Its Residues for Their Valorization","authors":"Cheurfi Wassila,&nbsp;Brahimi Rabiaa,&nbsp;Beghriche Abdelfateh,&nbsp;Laidoudi Mouloud,&nbsp;Kebabi Brahim","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925600968","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925600968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our investigation focuses on in-depth characterization of seasonal sludges and ashes from the incineration of sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in the city of Mila, Algeria, for their valorization in the manufacture of construction materials. Numerous analyses have been carried out using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen potential (pH), volatile matter (VM), electrical conductivity (EC), principal component analysis, real and apparent volumetric mass (<span>({{rho }_{{{text{real}}}}})</span>, <span>({{rho }_{{{text{app}}}}})</span>), and porosity (<span>(varepsilon )</span>). The physicochemical characterization of sludge from the treatment plant of Mila City exhibited structural stability, whatever the seasonal variations. This stability was confirmed by statistical analysis. Thermal treatment of the sludge was performed by incineration at temperatures stretching from 550°C up to 1100°C. The chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence demonstrated that the sludges’ ashes are rich with the oxides such as CaO, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, and Al₂O₃, which represent about <span>(95% )</span> of the clinker’s compounds, which are responsible for cement hardening. On the other side, the X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the mineral matrix contained in the ashes is mostly composed of calcite, quartz, hatrurite, and hedenbergite. The obtained phases from 750°C by calcination are the most important in the construction materials, and this is the key finding of this study. The most important mass loss during the thermal treatment was observed at 550°C owing to the organic matter decomposition at this temperature. The rise of the basic character with raising the c temperature is owing to the formation of basic metal oxides. The soluble ions in the calcined sludges are sensitive to the increase of temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"90 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials","authors":"D. A. Shlyapin,&nbsp;I. V. Mishakov,&nbsp;O. V. Netskina","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600161","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review is devoted to nitrogen-doped carbon materials and strategies for their synthesis, which result in the formation of substances enriched with different forms of nitrogen: pyridine, pyrrole, quaternary (graphene-like), nitrile, amine, and oxidized nitrogen. It has been shown that the predominant presence of a certain form of nitrogen in the composition of N–carbon materials contributes to the manifestation of various properties that are important from a practical point of view, including electrophysical, adsorption, and other properties. The importance of targeted regulation of the nitrogen state in N–carbon materials is also noted. Based on the analysis of approaches to N-functionalization of carbon materials considered in the literature, a fundamental scheme for obtaining materials with a predominant presence of a target form of nitrogen is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Acidification Time on Microstructure and Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Anthracite","authors":"Xue Ensi,&nbsp;Li Runzhi","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924601086","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924601086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the influence of acidification duration on the pore structure and spontaneous combustion characteristics of anthracite, anthracite from the Yixin mining area was selected as the research subject. Hydrofluoric acid was employed for acidification treatments over different time intervals (3, 6, 9, 12 h). Techniques such as X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed heating, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy were utilized. The alterations in the microcrystalline structure, gaseous products, thermo-dynamic characteristics, and microstructure of anthracite before and after different acidification durations were compared and analyzed. Moreover, the mechanism by which these changes affect the spontaneous combustion of coal was discussed. The results indicate that after acidification, the interlayer spacing of coal samples gradually increases, while the stacking height and the number of stacking layers generally decrease. As the acidification duration increases, the amount of gaseous products rises, the activation energy declines, and the combustion characteristics improve. Specifically, the activation energies of coal samples A-3, A-6, A-9, and A-12 have decreased by 4.26, 638.86, 222.38, and 249.23 kJ/mol, respectively. During the acidification process, the maximum change in the aliphatic structure of the tested coal sample occurs at 6 h. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups and hydrogen bonds is consistently higher than that in the raw coal. The research findings offer theoretical guidance for the prediction and prevention of spontaneous combustion of pickled coal.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"59 6","pages":"512 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Gas Desorption and Diffusion Behavior of Coal Samples with Different Moisture Contents","authors":"Wenjin Zheng,&nbsp;Shishun Gan,&nbsp;Jialiang Li,&nbsp;Xianfeng Liu","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925600531","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925600531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the influence of moisture content on gas desorption behavior in coal, this study designed and utilized a high-temperature steam adsorption system to prepare coal samples with varying moisture contents. Gas desorption experiments were conducted under an adsorption equilibrium pressure of 1.5 MPa to explore the effect of moisture on desorption performance. The results indicate that the coal samples from Liyuan Coal Mine exhibit strong desorption capability in the initial stage, with approximately 90% of the total desorption amount released within the first 100 min. As the moisture content increases, the desorption capacity significantly declines. At the desorption equilibrium state, the gas desorption amount of the coal sample with a moisture content of M_ad = 0.37% was 19.11284  mL/g, which is approximately 2.5 times that of the coal sample with a moisture content of M_ad = 3.97%, whose desorption amount was 8.3995  mL/g. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the gas diffusion coefficients under different moisture conditions, and the diffusion characteristics were systematically analyzed. The results show that, at the same moisture content, the diffusion coefficient reaches a peak during the initial characteristic time segment (<i>t</i>₂), then gradually decreases over time. Across different moisture contents, the diffusion coefficient decreases linearly with increasing moisture. At high moisture levels, the suppression effect is more pronounced, with the diffusion coefficient reduced by up to an order of magnitude. At the characteristic time <i>t</i>₂, the diffusion coefficient decreased from 44.03 × 10^–4  to 25.12 × 10^–4 m²/s; at <i>t</i>₁, it decreased from 8.42 × 10^–4  to 1.53 × 10^–4 m²/s; and at <i>t</i>₀, it decreased from 2.50 × 10^–6 to 0.78 × 10^–6 m²/s. This is primarily because water molecules occupy pore spaces and frequently collide with gas molecules, shortening diffusion paths and reducing effective diffusion areas, thereby inhibiting gas diffusion. In conclusion, appropriately reducing moisture content in coal can improve gas desorption efficiency and diffusion performance, providing theoretical and technical support for efficient gas extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"59 6","pages":"487 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis Oil Extraction from E-Waste Plastics: Characterization and Comparative Analysis with Diesel Fuel","authors":"K. N. Karthick,&nbsp;M. Bharathiraja","doi":"10.3103/S036152192570034X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192570034X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) presents both environmental and energy challenges, necessitating innovative strategies for resource recovery and sustainable fuel production. This study investigates the catalytic pyrolysis of e-waste plastics to produce pyrolysis oil (PPO) and evaluates its potential as an alternative to diesel fuel. The pyrolysis process demonstrated a high conversion efficiency of 99%, yielding 88.12% PPO, 11.23% non-condensable gases, and 0.645% solid residue, showcasing its effectiveness in extracting valuable fuel from e-waste plastics. The fuel properties of PPO, including density (1080–1070 kg/m³), calorific value (39 861–43 154 kJ/kg), flash point (35–50°C), and cetane number (50 for raw PPO), were analyzed and compared with diesel. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of alkanes, alkenes, and oxygenated compounds, influencing fuel behavior. While PPO exhibited higher energy content, challenges such as lower cetane number, higher sulfur content (0.35%), and low flash points necessitate further refinement for broader diesel engine applications. To evaluate its real-world performance, PPO-diesel blends (25 to 100%) were tested in a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine under varying loads. Combustion analysis revealed extended ignition delays and higher peak pressures for blends with increased PPOcontent due to its higher aromatic concentration. Heat release rates (HRR) were significantly elevated, enhancing fuel-air mixing but causing combustion instability at low loads. At full engine load (100%), PPO exhibited a delayed but stable combustion process, achieving a brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 34%, close to diesel’s 38% efficiency. However, at low engine loads, blends above 90% PPO exhibited incomplete combustion and operational inefficiencies. Emission analysis indicated a significant increase in NOx emissions with rising PPO content due to higher in-cylinder temperatures and prolonged premixed combustion phases. Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emissions were higher at low engine loads, while carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions increased linearly due to PPO higher carbon-to-hydrogen ratio. Despite higher NOx emissions, PPO blends showed reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions due to lower soot formation. Despite these challenges, PPO blends containing 60–70% PPO at 80–90% engine loads demonstrated optimal performance, making them suitable for selective applications. Further research should focus on cetane number enhancement, desulfurization techniques, and fuel injection optimization to improve low-load stability and emissions control. This study highlights the potential of e-waste plastics as a renewable energy source, contributing to sustainable waste management, circular economy initiatives, and energy security while reducing reliance on fossil fuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"59 6","pages":"575 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Research on Active Asynchronous Reverse Ventilation Strategy of Multiple Air Shafts during Fire","authors":"Ji Wu,&nbsp;Zongxiang Li,&nbsp;Juncai Wei,&nbsp;Yadi Wang","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924601104","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924601104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to more accurately describe the change process of air flow and gas in the ventilation network system during the period of mine reverse ventilation, the asynchronous reverse wind problem of multiple wind Wells in the mine was studied by using TF1M3D simulation. The FDt(<i>k</i>) of all the air Wells is combined into a numerical code DF according to a certain algorithm to judge the working state of the fan of multiple air Wells,three possible working states of the ventilator, including shutdown, non-operation, single-machine operation and dual-machine operation, are defined, and corresponding codes representing these three states are given as the basis for judging whether the working state of the ventilator in TF1M3D is updated.Three possible working states of the ventilator, including shutdown, non-operation, single-machine operation and dual-machine operation, are defined, and corresponding codes representing these three states are given as the basis for judging whether the working state of the ventilator in TF1M3D is updated. Combined with the field example of the eighth mine in Hebi mining area, the simulation analysis is carried out by using TF1M3D simulation software. The reverse ventilation starts, the fan stops, and in a short pause, the mine relies on natural wind pressure ventilation, the airflow velocity is low, the air volume is small, and the gas accumulation occurs for a short time. Then, with the change of ventilation direction of the fan, the air flow changes accordingly. TF1M3D gives the corresponding changes of ventilation and working conditions. At the same time, the gas migration state changes, and the gas peak overlimit phenomenon appears on the working face. With the advance of the reverse ventilation work, the concentration of migrating gas showed a gradual decrease. The simulation of asynchronous reverse ventilation in multiple air shafts of mine accurately describes the corresponding changes of gas components in the mine system when the wind is stopped in the reverse ventilation operation, and improves the calculation accuracy of ventilation simulation during the disaster period.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"59 6","pages":"519 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}