Solid Fuel Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Copyrolysis of Waste Paint Oil and Algae Biomass to Produce High-Energy Biochar: Physicochemical Characterization and Solid-Fuel Performance","authors":"Parthasarathi Mishra, C. Meera, Srinivas Tadepalli, T. Mohankumar, S. Karvendhan, S. Hemalatha, S. Deepankumar, Madaminov Sanjarbek Maxmudjon Ugli","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600045","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the copyrolysis of waste paint oil (WPO) and algae biomass as an integrated waste-to-energy pathway for producing high-energy biochar while mitigating the environmental risks associated with WPO disposal. Copyrolysis experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor using WPO–algae weight ratios of 1 : 0.5 to 1 : 1.5 under an inert nitrogen atmosphere (150 mL/min), with temperatures ranging from 400 to 600°C, a heating rate of 10°C/min, and a residence time of 60 min. The physicochemical properties of WPO (density 0.88–0.89 g/mL; kinematic viscosity 4.5–5.0 mm<sup>2</sup>/s) were controlled to ensure feedstock consistency. The resulting biochars exhibited markedly improved solid-fuel characteristics compared to single-feed pyrolysis. Fixed carbon content increased from 65.3 to 72.8 wt % (ASTM D3172), exceeding the baseline value of 62.4 wt %, while volatile matter decreased to 16.2–21.5 wt %. The higher heating value (HHV) increased systematically from 29.7 to 32.5 MJ/kg (ASTM D5865), reflecting enhanced carbonization and aromatic structure development. Ultimate analysis confirmed increased carbon content (72.4–76.0 wt %) and reduced H/C ratios (0.58–0.70), indicative of synergistic aromatization during copyrolysis. Structural and thermal analyses supported these findings. FTIR spectra revealed intensified aromatic C=C stretching bands at ~1600 cm<sup>–1</sup>, with peak intensities increasing by up to 2.1× at higher algae ratios. GC–MS analysis of volatile fractions identified stable polyaromatic compounds, including naphthalene (18–25%) and phenanthrene (12–19%) within the C<sub>9</sub>–C<sub>24</sub> range. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with onset decomposition temperatures exceeding 420°C and three distinct degradation stages: moisture removal (30–150°C), devolatilization (150–450°C; 25–35 wt % mass loss), and fixed carbon oxidation (450–750°C). Activation energy values determined using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method increased from 125 to 142 kJ/mol, confirming the formation of stronger aromatic carbon networks. Fixed-bed combustion tests conducted at 850–950°C (λ = 1.2–1.4) validated the fuel performance of the co-pyrolyzed biochars, yielding ignition temperatures of 360–375°C, reactivity indices (<i>R</i>ᵢ) of 0.85–1.42 min<sup>–1</sup>, and favorable ash fusion characteristics (IDT/HT/FT: 780/790/1120–1280°C; ASTM D1857) with moderate slagging indices (<i>R</i><sub>s</sub> = 4.2–6.8). Gaseous emissions remained low, with CO concentrations of 120–180 ppm and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> levels of 85–110 ppm. The biochars also exhibited well-developed hierarchical porosity and BET surface areas of 110–130 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Overall, the results demonstrate that copyrolysis of waste paint oil and algae biomass is an effective industrial waste valorization strategy, producing thermally stable, high-energy biochar suitable for 30–50% co-firing blends with su","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"213 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated Carbon from Manchurian Walnut Shells for CO2 Adsorption: A Comparison of CO2 and KOH Activation Methods","authors":"O. V. Gorbunova,&nbsp;M. V. Trenikhin,&nbsp;A. V. Lavrenov","doi":"10.3103/S036152192660001X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192660001X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a two-stage approach was employed to produce porous carbons from Manchurian walnut shells (MNS). The shells were utilized as a cost-effective biomass precursor for activated carbon production. The first step involved the carbonization of the shells, followed by activation using either carbon dioxide or potassium hydroxide. As a result, two series of biochar samples were prepared by varying the duration of CO₂ activation and the KOH-to-precursor ratio. This approach enabled an investigation of the CO₂ capture potential of the MNS-derived activated carbons. The structural evolution of the biochars was characterized using N₂ physisorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the original cellular structure was well-preserved after carbonization, while the activation step led to its significant transformation. Notably, the specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume achieved after KOH activation were more than three times higher than those after CO₂ activation. Nevertheless, CO₂ activation is more economical and simpler than the chemical KOH method. The microporous structure of the samples changed with the KOH/carbonized MNS ratio. As the amount of KOH increased, all textural properties improved, except for the volume of narrow micropores (size &lt;0.8 nm). The CO₂ adsorption capacities of all samples were measured at 298 K and 1 bar. The maximum CO₂ uptake in each series was 3.0 and 4.0 mmol/g, respectively. These values are competitive within the current state of CO₂ adsorbent development.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"105 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Components of Coal Tar: Assessment of Occupational Risks and Biological Role (A Review)","authors":"N. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600392","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the predominant chemical compounds in coal tar (CT). Extensive published data indicate their carcinogenic effects both on humans, in industrial workers, and on animals. However, there is a trend toward using CT as a medication for skin diseases, dermatitis, and psoriasis. But how safe is the use of CT for humans? This review systematizes data on the carcinogenic effects of PAHs on humans, their concentrations in coal tar, and the degree of exposure to carcinogenic factors during skin disease therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"139 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Heat Accumulation and Gas Release of Self-Igniting Carbon Dumps","authors":"G. P. Starikov,&nbsp;T. N. Melnik,&nbsp;I. G. Starikova,&nbsp;O. P. Pashkovsky","doi":"10.3103/S036152192660015X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192660015X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of gas and heat emission processes from coal and rock dumps is carried out. The possibility of reducing the emission of gaseous combustion products into the atmosphere by influencing the thermal regime inside the dump is assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"183 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humic Acid Distribution Factors in the Sergeyevsky Brown Coal Deposit","authors":"L. P. Noskova,&nbsp;A. P. Sorokin","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600434","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600434","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humic acids are unevenly distributed throughout the Sergeyevsky coal deposit. This is due to the variety of sources of humic material and the different conditions under which coal accumulates. The upper coal seam contains a high concentration of allochthonous humic acids, which were formed under oxidative conditions from terrestrial biomaterial that was introduced into the area. Humic acids with autochthonous origins are present in coal in minimal concentrations, as they are derived from aquatic vegetation that grew in the area where the coal formed. An intermediate group of humic acids has a mixed origin and was formed under conditions with varying facies, where physical factors played a dominant role. The anaerobic environment of the lower part of the deposit promotes the development of processes that reduce the concentration of humic acids by dehydrating, decarboxylating, and demethylating them. The presented factual material on the geochemical aspects of humic acid accumulation is consistent with palynological data on the distribution of biologically predestined plants in the Sergeyevsky brown coal deposit.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"176 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Calorific Value of Biofuel Composites from Birch Phloem with Additions of Brown Coal, Pine Needles, and Oil-Containing Waste","authors":"M. V. Muradova,&nbsp;A. A. Ponomareva","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600380","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive study of the calorific characteristics of composite biofuels based on birch phloem has been conducted. The lower heating values of composites with varying compositions, including brown coal, oil-containing waste, and pine needles, were measured calorimetrically. Linear relationships between the calorific characteristics and the composition of the composite (e.g., bast content) were identified. Verification calculations of the combustion heat of composites with a component ratio of 1 : 1 were performed using empirical formulas by Dulong, Mendeleev, Wondraczek, Nivel, and Given, followed by conversion to lower heating values based on experimentally measured moisture and ash content. The results indicated that the smallest deviations between calculated values and experimental data for combustion heat could be achieved using Dulong’s formula.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"126 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Potential Chemical Occupational Risks in Miners’ Work Activities at Coal Mining Enterprises and Possible Technologies for Their Prevention","authors":"N. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.3103/S0361521926600185","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521926600185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Today, the coal mining industry is continuously developing in many countries. However, industrial safety standards are not always observed when working in underground mines. Unfortunately, the results of the literature review indicate high risks in coal mining enterprises. The human factor is the main cause of occupational injuries. At the same time, the high concentration of hazardous chemical compounds in coal dust triggers a wide range of occupational respiratory diseases in workers. This brief review aims to identify the causes of accidents at enterprises and examine current innovative technologies for preventing hazardous situations. It is shown that digital transformation technologies are currently most actively used in coal mining companies.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Coal Properties and the Parameters of the Pyrolysis Process","authors":"S. Batbileg,&nbsp;Sh. Iderbayar,&nbsp;J. Namkhainorov,&nbsp;G. Shiirav,&nbsp;B. Purevsuren","doi":"10.3103/S0361521925600993","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521925600993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Producing liquid and gaseous fuels from coal is a critical economic and social objective for our country. In this context, extensive research on the thermal processing of coal (coal pyrolysis, high-temperature dissolution, and hydrogenation) from Mongolia’s major deposits has been conducted over a considerable period. In this study, we utilized the results of pyrolysis experiments on coal from 15 Mongolian deposits (lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coals). To model the tar yield from pyrolysis as a function of coal technical properties and pyrolysis temperature, we employed the Random Forest (RF) regression classification method for machine learning. For training the RF regression model, 80.0% of a total of 91 data points were used for model training, while the remaining 20.0% were allocated for model validation. The correlations between the variables used in the model were analyzed. Six key factors were selected to predict the yield of liquid products derived from coal. The random decision regression method was applied, and the calculations were performed using Python programming. Our model achieved a confidence level of 86%.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"83 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Deep Heat Sources in High-Temperature Mines and Simulation Research on Cooling Measures","authors":"Zongxiang Li,&nbsp;Yi Du,&nbsp;Shuoran Huang","doi":"10.3103/S036152192560107X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192560107X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to study the problem of high-temperature thermal hazards in deep mining mines, a systematic investigation was conducted at the mine scale using the TF1M3D simulation platform. Combined with on-site measured data, a physical computational simulation model for mine ventilation was established for Hong ya ng No. 3 Mine. By applying theories such as 3D ventilation thermodynamics system simulation, stratum gradient heating theory, and the heat exchange model between ventilation airflow and surrounding rock, the temperature distribution of the mine’s 3D network system was obtained based on the TF1M3D platform. A simulation analysis was performed on the cooling measures of roadway heat insulation combined with mechanical refrigeration. To reduce the temperature of Working Face 706, which is severely affected by thermal hazards, heat insulation layers with a heat insulation rate of 0.2 were installed in the West Wing Belt Inclined Roadway and the Transportation Gateway of Working Face 706, respectively. As a result, the temperature of the working face decreased by 4.17°C, indicating a significant cooling effect. On the basis of installing the heat insulation layers, two sets of refrigerators with a power of 500 kW were selected for deployment. The effective cooling radiation range of these refrigerators is within 600 m from the lower corner of the working face, and the first refrigerator should be installed within 300 m. The results show that this method can accurately predict the temperature of the airflow after cooling and the position of the refrigeration source, and has promising application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"57 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation of Porous Carbon Composite Material with Nitric Acid","authors":"O. A. Knyazheva,&nbsp;A. V. Lavrenov,&nbsp;O. A. Kokhanovskaya,&nbsp;O. V. Gorbunova,&nbsp;R. M. Mironenko,&nbsp;I. V. Rezanov,&nbsp;I. V. Muromtsev,&nbsp;A. B. Arbuzov","doi":"10.3103/S036152192560066X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192560066X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of liquid-phase oxidation of porous carbon composite material (PCCM) with nitric acid on its structural and physicochemical characteristics has been investigated. As shown by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, the oxidation of PCCM with 50 wt.% nitric acid results in a 2-fold decrease in the volume of pores with sizes 4–20 nm and a 1.5-fold increase in the volume of larger pores (20–50 and 50–130 nm). It is shown by Raman spectroscopy that the oxidation of PCCM results in a 6.5-fold decrease in the <i>I</i>_D1/<i>I</i>_G and <i>I</i>_D3/<i>I</i>_G ratios, indicating structure ordering and removal of amorphous carbon. Furthermore, the oxidation of PCCM leads to a reduction in the crushing strength of single granules to <i>ca</i>. 80 kg/cm², representing a 28% decrease compared to the original PCCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}