{"title":"Efficient Leaching Process of Valuable Elements from Gibbsite Ore Materials in Talet Seleim, Southwestern, Sinai, Egypt Using Green and Ecofriendly Lixiviant Agent: Optimization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study","authors":"A. Salem","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2222281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2222281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Here, valuable elements in Talet Seleim, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, were leached using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as an environmentally friendly lixiviant agent. The effects of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentration, time of leaching reaction, temperature, liquid/solid ratio (L/S) and stirring speed on dissolution of valuable elements in MSA were studied. The optimized conditions for dissolution of various metals were: methanesulfonic acid concentration; 150g/L, dissolution time; 300 min, temperature; 363K, liquid to solid ratio; 4 ml/g and stirring speed; 400 rpm. The dissolution efficiency of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb are 81.8%, 79.47%, 76.6%, and 70.7%, respectively under the optimal conditions. Different mathematical kinetic models for the dissolution process in MSA were studied since it is very important for economic metal dissolution. The experimental data were best fitted by pseudo-second-order homogeneous reaction model for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), whilst lead (Pb) was best fitted by the diffusion through the product or ash layer. The activation energies of the dissolution processes of different metals were evaluated. Overall, the MSA leaching system provides an efficient, clean and green method for dissolution of valuable metals. It can be a promising alternative to inorganic acids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"41 1","pages":"141 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85153808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swati Bharati, Vinod L. Gaikwad, Bothiraja Chellampillai
{"title":"Investigation of a Quantitative Bioanalytical HPLC Method for the Assessment of Famotidine in Pre-clinical Samples: Application for Pharmacokinetic Studies","authors":"Swati Bharati, Vinod L. Gaikwad, Bothiraja Chellampillai","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2217176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2217176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Famotidine (FAM), a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, is effective against peptic ulcers and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. In the current investigation, a HPLC approach was developed to detect the Famotidine (FAM) in pre-clinical samples (rat plasma). To get rid of any chromatographic solvent effects, methanolic extraction method was used to prepare biological samples. A C18 column was used for chromatographic separation, with a pH-adjusted to 8 as mobile phase of water, methanol, and acetonitrile (70: 20: 10, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 264 nm. The retention times of FAM was found to be 5.7 min. The technique was linear in the range of 50 to 1400 ng/mL in plasma concentration with R2 of 0.9985. The newly proposed method’s respective limits for quantification and detection were found to be 151.45 ± 6.47 ng/mL and 49.97 ± 2.14 ng/mL. The average recovery rates were discovered to range from 98.06 to 103.56%. After numerous freeze-thaw cycles of the treated plasma samples, analyte was stable and showed no sign of significant deterioration. After a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of FAM, the approach was effectively used to assess the pharmacokinetic characteristics in Wistar albino rats. Consequently, the straightforward technique would enable quick with affordable detection of the FAM from biological samples. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":"202 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Silica Spherical to Y-Shape Nanoparticles: A Review with Surface Modifications and Its Characterization","authors":"P. Khurana, S. Lingayat, S. Thatai","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2222311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2222311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study deals with the different shape and sizes of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) ranging from a typical sphere to Y-shape to core-shell. The particles have been categorized as three i.e., mesoporous, macroporous and core-shell. Stöber process has played a great role in the fabrication of SiO2 NPs and by varying parameters like surfactant, solvent, pH, templating techniques, water to surfactant ratio, surfactant to co-surfactant ratio etc., the morphology was observed to change. The modified SiO2 NPs obtained were spherical and changed to rod shape and then to Y-shape with change in concentration of alcohol. The effect of above reaction parameters has been investigated on size and shape of NPs which is further discussed in review. SiO2 NPs in form of composites are widely used in the field of bio-sensing, adsorbents, water treatment, drug delivery etc. This review article aims to present different shapes of SiO2 NPs and discuss its application as an adsorbent for water remediation techniques. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"42 1","pages":"106 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87053458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Ketoprofen via a SPE-HPLC-PDA Method in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in East Texas, USA","authors":"K. K. Onchoke, Gary Lopez, Anthony M. Broom","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2224341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2224341","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increased demand for water reuse, recycling and reclamation heightens the need for improvements in the design of wastewater treatment plants that minimize or remove toxic pollutants or their metabolites. In this study, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique utilizing C-18 cartridge was used for separation of three commonly used pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DF), and ketoprofen (KT) in wastewater samples. High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method was used for detection of CBZ, DF, and KT along the treatment stages (aeration, clarifier, raw activated sludge (RAS), chlorine contact chamber (CCC), and sulfur dioxide chamber) from Nacogdoches wastewater treatment plant (NWWTP), in East Texas, USA. Highest concentrations were found in the RAS followed by influent aeration stage. Pharmaceutical concentrations detected from the influent or RAS samples were 2.115 × 10−3 mg/L, 8.95 × 10−4 mg/L and 8.55 × 10−4 mg/L for CBZ, KT and DF, respectively. Highest detected total concentrations of pharmaceuticals were: carbamazepine (1.285 – 2.117 μg/L), diclofenac (0.600 – 0.865 μg/L), and ketoprofen (0.815 – 0.885 μg/L). The calculated % removal efficiencies along the treatment stages follow the order; CBZ: RAS > SO2 > clarifier ≈ aeration > CCC; KT: RAS > SO2 > aeration > CCC > clarifier; DF: RAS ≈ aeration ≈ CCC > clarifier > SO2. Determined removal efficiencies follow the order carbamazepine (∼ 39.2%) > diclofenac (∼ 30.6%) > ketoprofen (∼8.8%). Removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals in the NWWTP may be affected by the human body, transition through activated wastewater treatment processes, and their metabolism and/or usage by humans. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"87 1 1","pages":"127 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83963281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eco-friendly Based UV Spectrophotometric Method and Analytical Quality by Design Aided Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Technique for the Estimation of Molnupiravir","authors":"D. Perumal, M. Krishnan, K. Lakshmi","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2224806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2224806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Molnupiravir a novel oral broad-spectrum antiviral drug initially developed for the treatment of COVID-19, was quantified using UV spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. The linear regression analysis used to build the equations for the multivariate calibration method used the correlation between absorbance and concentration at a set of five different wavelengths. The suggested method can separate Molnupiravir and its breakdown products using a C18 column containing ethanol and phosphate buffer (42.5:57.5% v/v), a flow rate fixed at 0.9 mL/min, and detection done at 235 nm. The suggested techniques were examined and approved in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) standards. For the UV and HPLC methods, the linearity ranges for molnupiravir were 4-9 and 10-150 g/ml, accuracy, repeatability, and selectivity, with R2 values were 0.9999 and 0.9999 with recoveries between 98 and 102% and 2% RSD. The unique strategy was additionally assessed utilising three ways, including additional assessment techniques, such as GAPI, AES, and AGREE, and it was discovered to be environmentally friendly. Based on our findings, developing new pharmaceutical drugs may benefit from using UV and HPLC procedures with Green Analytical Performances using the Quality by Design methodology to assess drug stability. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84200276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rawat, O. Prakash, Ravendra Kumar, A. Verma, Satya Kumar, Kirti Nagarkoti, R. Srivastava
{"title":"Study on Characterization and Pesticidal Evaluation of Diterpenes Isolated from Chloroform Extract of Hedychium spicatum Sm. Rhizomes","authors":"A. Rawat, O. Prakash, Ravendra Kumar, A. Verma, Satya Kumar, Kirti Nagarkoti, R. Srivastava","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2213236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2213236","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A chemical study on the rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum resulted in the isolation and identification of labdane diterpenes, hedychilactone A (1), and B (2). The chemical structure of known compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated based on extensive spectral data analyses and identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported data in the literature. The isolated labdane diterpenes were evaluated for their pesticide effects like nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita, insecticidal activity on Spodoptera litura, and herbicidal activity on Raphanus raphanistrum seeds. The bioactivity of both compounds was predicted with the help of in silico PASS studies. The proteins/enzymes undertaken for docking studies by AutoDock4.2 to validate nematicidal activity was acetylcholinesterase (PBD ID: IC2O), for insecticidal activity was enzyme carboxylesterase (PDB ID: 1CI8), and for herbicidal activity was acetohydroxyacid synthase (PBD ID: 1YHZ). These compounds could be deduced as a viable alternative source of natural pesticidal agents and pave the way for further studies on its mechanistic approaches and field trials to ascertain its pesticidal studies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":"174 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Yadav, Deependra Jhankal, Rinky Agarwal, D. K. Sharma, K. K. Jhankal
{"title":"Electro-kinetic Investigations and Voltammetric Detection of Anti-ulcer Drug Cinitapride at Low-cost Pencil Graphite Electrode","authors":"R. Yadav, Deependra Jhankal, Rinky Agarwal, D. K. Sharma, K. K. Jhankal","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2213235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2213235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herein, we proposed a cost-effective, eco-friendly, fast and sensitive square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) and differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) methods for the quantification of anti-ulcer drug cinitapride in pharmaceuticals. Cinitapride electrochemically reduced at pencil graphite electrode and gave an irreversible well-defined cathodic peak in cyclic, square wave, and differential pulse voltammograms. The effect of pH of buffer, scan rates, and drug concentration on peak current and peak potential were studied. The reduction of cinitapride at pencil graphite electrode was diffusion controlled and occurred via participation of two electrons and two protons (2e−/2H+). The various electro-kinetic parameters such as diffusion coefficient(Do), surface coverage (T o)and electron transfer coefficient (α) were calculated, additionally, the mechanism of reduction of cinitapride at pencil graphite electrode was also proposed. The peak currents vary linearly in the concentration range 2.48 μmolL−1 to 17.39 μmolL−1 for all the voltammetric techniques. The obtained value of LOD for SWCSV and DPCSV techniques were2.48 μmolL−1 and 3.19 μmolL−1, respectively, which proved higher sensitivity of the proposed methods. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"12 1","pages":"213 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78648439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Deepak, C. Sulaiman, V. Sreejith, I. Balachandran
{"title":"Phytochemical and Chromatographic Studies of Medicinal Plant Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Stem Bark and Inner Wood Combinations for Judicious Utilization","authors":"M. Deepak, C. Sulaiman, V. Sreejith, I. Balachandran","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2179420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2179420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terminalia arjuna, is an important medicinal plant mainly used for cardiovascular ailments in the traditional Indian system of medicine Ayurveda. The stem bark of T. arjuna is generally employed in Ayurvedic formulations. The present study undertakes the possibilities of judicious utilization of stem bark and inner wood combinations of T. arjuna instead of bark alone in herbal medicines. Different combinations of bark and inner wood portions were prepared and extracted. Preliminary phytochemical analyses by qualitative tests, and quantitative estimations of total phenolics, and flavonoid contents revealed predominant results in bark extract. Anti-oxidant activities like DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays were carried out and bark extract showed leading results and the combination sample also showed promising values. Comparative chemical profiling of the samples was done using High-performance thin layer chromatography to identify and quantify major chemical constituents. Flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin, and phenolic acid, gallic acid were identified by HPTLC profiling, in all samples. On quantification of gallic acid, the bark and sample BS1 showed promising results when compared with other combination samples. The identified compounds were proven with medicinal activities against cardiovascular-related ailments. The present study concluded that BS1 (75:25) of bark and wood combination could be used instead of bark (B) for medicinal preparations without affecting the quality so the 25% usage of bark can be reduced and 25% of the stem can be saved from waste. The study will be beneficial for Ayurvedic industries using the bark T. arjuna for medicinal preparation since the wastage of wood can be reduced without affecting the quality of medicine. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"29 1","pages":"95 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88881055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. E. Thomas, O. Adegoke, A. Mukherjee, Ritesh Banerjee
{"title":"In vitro Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Apoptoxicity of 8-Hydroxy-3,6-disulphonaphthyl Azohydroxynaphthalenes using Human Lymphocytes: Experimental and Theoretical Profiling","authors":"O. E. Thomas, O. Adegoke, A. Mukherjee, Ritesh Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2193578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2193578","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regulatory agencies require demonstration of non-genotoxicity of new chemical entities prior to their use as pharmaceuticals or additives. Consequently, the in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptoxicity of five novel monoazo colourants (8-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonaphthyl azohydroxynaphthalenes, 3a-e) on human lymphocytes were evaluated using a cell viability assay, alkaline comet assay, DNA diffusion assay, DFT calculations and molecular docking. The test concentrations of the compounds varied from 0 to 3.4 mM. Relative to negative control, the compounds at concentrations up to 0.5mM induced small dose-dependent reduction (< 20%) in viability of lymphocytes. Statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in DNA damage parameters (percent tail DNA, tail extent moment, olive tail moment) were observed at all concentrations of 3a, 3b while 3c-e showed genotoxicity at 2.8, 0.17 and 3.4 mM respectively. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3d induced apoptosis at concentrations below cytotoxic doses while 3c and 3e were non-apoptoxic at all test concentrations. DFT calculations showed the genotoxicity of 3a-e increased with electrophilicity and ionization potentials of the compounds. Molecular docking of 3a-e with apoptosis-associated proteins revealed binding affinity patterns that were consistent with observed experimental apoptoxicity. The structure-genotoxicity relationships of five novel monoazo compounds, which can be employed in the design of safer congeners, have been elucidated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"170 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lokesh Bettada, Mounesh, K. Chandrakala, K.M. Sateesha, M. Amshumali, L. K. Sannegowda, A. Lagashetty
{"title":"A Novel Approach for Electrochemical Sensing of 2-Amino-4-methylphenol Using Magnetic Polypyrrole as a Sensing Platform","authors":"Lokesh Bettada, Mounesh, K. Chandrakala, K.M. Sateesha, M. Amshumali, L. K. Sannegowda, A. Lagashetty","doi":"10.1080/22297928.2023.2170278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2023.2170278","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A core-shell structured magnetic nano-composite Fe3O4@PPy, synthesized by the chemical oxidative method and the electrochemical behavior of the composite assessed under different conditions. The modified Fe3O4@PPy/GC electrode employed to determine the 2-aminophenol (2AMP) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chrono-amperometry (CA). 2AMP exhibited cathodic peak on the Fe3O4@PPy/GC electrode. The linear response observed for 2AMP in the concentration range (50 to 450 nM; CV, 50 to 450 nM; DPV and 50-300 nM; in amperometry). The limit of detection (CV; 15nmol L-1, DPV; 16.5 nmol L-1 and 4 nmol L-1 in amperometry) with a limit of quantification (CV; 45 nmol L-1, DPV; 49.5 nmol L-1 and up to 50nmol L-1 in amperometry), respectively, on the modified electrode. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7793,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Letters","volume":"124 1","pages":"28 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84923092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}