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Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences最新文献

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Energy expenditure, energy intake and body composition in geriatric long-stay patients. 老年长期住院病人的能量消耗、能量摄入和身体组成。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
S Elmståhl
{"title":"Energy expenditure, energy intake and body composition in geriatric long-stay patients.","authors":"S Elmståhl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy expenditure, energy intake, body composition and selected biochemical analyses were studied in 14 males and 16 females with a mean age of 83 years (range 68-92) in geriatric long-stay wards. Energy expenditure was predicted from heart rate monitoring, and energy intake was assessed with a 4-day dietary record. Lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), and total body water (TBW) were estimated with a bioelectrical impedance method. The mean energy expenditure and energy intake were 1845 kcal/d (7719 kJ/d) and 1746 kcal/d (7305 kJ/d) in male, and 1550 kcal/d (6485 kJ/d) and 1489 kcal/d (6230 kJ/d) in female subjects. Thirty per cent of the patients were in a negative energy balance. Mean values (+/- SD) of LBM were 50.2 +/- 7.81 kg and 39.6 +/- 6.78 kg, of BF 14.4 +/- 4.98 kg and 19.6 +/- 6.26 kg, of TBW 38.2 +/- 4.67 kg and 29.2 +/- 4.16 kg, and of basal metabolic rate expressed per unit LBM 24 +/- 2.6 kcal/kg LBM and 27 +/- 4.5 kcal/kg LBM in male and female subjects, respectively. The males had a lower per cent body fat expressed per kg body weight, also supported by low triceps skinfold values. Twenty per cent of the patients had triceps skinfold values indicating severe malnutrition according to definitions in the literature. The values of serum sodium, potassium, triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were within reference limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"118-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14265495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age-related prescribing patterns in general practice. 全科医学中与年龄相关的处方模式
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
L Nolan, K O'Malley
{"title":"Age-related prescribing patterns in general practice.","authors":"L Nolan,&nbsp;K O'Malley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine differences in prescribing patterns in relation to patient age, all drugs dispensed during 1 week in a sample of community pharmacies were recorded. The mean number of drugs per prescription increased linearly from 1.5 in children aged 0-9 years to 2.8 in patients 80 years and over. The rate of prescribing of diuretics, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system increased markedly with advancing age. Drugs with a low therapeutic ratio were also prescribed more frequently for patients over 65 years. Psychotropic agents (15.9%), diuretics (13.8%) and cardiovascular drugs (13.7%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs in this age group. While a minority of elderly patients were prescribed a large number of drugs, prescribing rates overall did not appear excessive.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14035905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiac arrhythmia in geriatric patients with organic dementia. 老年器质性痴呆患者的心律失常。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
G De Pedis, K Hedner, B W Johansson, B Steen
{"title":"Cardiac arrhythmia in geriatric patients with organic dementia.","authors":"G De Pedis,&nbsp;K Hedner,&nbsp;B W Johansson,&nbsp;B Steen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac arrhythmia and ST segment depression was analyzed with long-term ECG registration (LTER) in 36 patients with organic dementia aged 69-96 (mean 84) years and 27 patients without dementia or current heart disease aged 68-93 (mean 83) years. In the dementia group we found a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.0131), ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.0156) and gaps (p = 0.0347) in comparison with the reference group. Ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles were frequent in both groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of ST segment depression between the two groups. In conclusion we found an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and gaps in the dementia group in comparison with the reference group.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"115-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oral diseases in the elderly in Finland as judged by biopsy. 芬兰老年人口腔疾病的活检判断。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
M Könönen, P Ylipaavalniemi, J Hietanen, R P Happonen
{"title":"Oral diseases in the elderly in Finland as judged by biopsy.","authors":"M Könönen,&nbsp;P Ylipaavalniemi,&nbsp;J Hietanen,&nbsp;R P Happonen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A survey of 22,946 oral biopsy specimens indicated the type of oral diseases appearing in the elderly in Finland. Patients were grouped by age: younger individuals (less than 60 years old) and more elderly (60 years old and older). The elderly were further divided into subgroups. In the age groups 60-69 and 70-79, cysts of the jaws and oral soft tissues (31% and 23%), and in the age group 80 years or older lesions of the oral mucosa (29%) were the most frequent findings. Although radicular cyst was the most common single diagnosis in the elderly (18%), its relative frequency was lower than that found in the age group under 60 years (35%). The relative frequency of premalignant and malignant lesions was more than 10-fold that found in younger individuals, and increased in the elderly with advancing age (p less than 0.001).</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"106-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatment of elderly hypertensives with beta-blocker/thiazide combination. 受体阻滞剂/噻嗪类药物联合治疗老年高血压。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
R C Gupta, G L Bhan
{"title":"Treatment of elderly hypertensives with beta-blocker/thiazide combination.","authors":"R C Gupta,&nbsp;G L Bhan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a low dose beta-blocker and diuretic combination in elderly hypertensives. In a prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled cross over study 30 patients with blood pressure higher than 160/90 mmHg and a mean age of 71.5 years were treated with a combination of sotalol hydrochloride 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg. With this regimen a significant drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (patient in sitting position) was obtained when compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). No significant side effects were noted because high-risk patients were excluded and the beta-blocker was used in low dose combination with thiazide diuretic for synergistic action. We conclude that a combination of beta-blocker and diuretic is an effective and safe therapy in carefully selected elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"112-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Background factors in patients with hip fractures--differences between cervical and trochanteric fractures. 髋部骨折患者的背景因素——颈椎骨折与粗隆骨折的差异。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
I Sernbo, O Johnell
{"title":"Background factors in patients with hip fractures--differences between cervical and trochanteric fractures.","authors":"I Sernbo,&nbsp;O Johnell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparisons were made between 133 men with cervical fractures and 151 men with trochanteric fractures and 308 women with cervical fractures and 449 women with trochanteric fractures. All patients with hip fractures were studied consecutively and prospectively. Patients were interviewed a few days after admission and their medical records studied. We found great differences in background factors between patients with cervical and trochanteric fractures but these differences seemed to depend largely on age. In an age-matched material we find that patients with trochanteric fractures are more prone to such fragility fractures as vertebral fracture, trochanteric fracture and fracture of the upper end of the humerus. This could mean that trochanteric fractures occur in bone of lower trabecular mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"109-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly in Oslo: living in old people's homes and living in own homes. 奥斯陆两组老年人的维生素D状况:住在老人院和住在自己家里。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
S W Sem, R J Sjøen, K Trygg, J I Pedersen
{"title":"Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly in Oslo: living in old people's homes and living in own homes.","authors":"S W Sem,&nbsp;R J Sjøen,&nbsp;K Trygg,&nbsp;J I Pedersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly was determined by measuring serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD), and dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake. Group A consisted of 35 women (mean age 86 years), and 21 men (mean age 80 years) living in 5 different homes for elderly. Group B consisted of free-living elderly, 24 women (mean age 76 years) and 7 men (mean age 79 years). There was no or little seasonal variation in serum 25-OHD concentrations in either group. Of those who did not use vitamin D supplements, 83% of the women and 77% of the men in group A, and 40% of the women and none of the men in group B had 25-OHD concentrations below 20 ng/ml in the winter serum samples. Of the 49 individuals who used supplements, only 2 had values below 20 ng/ml. In the institutionalized elderly, 14-15 micrograms vitamin D per day as supplement was associated with a mean increase in 25-OHD concentration in winter serum samples of 25 ng/ml. Dietary intakes of vitamin D were low for both groups, especially for the women (less than 3 micrograms). It is concluded that elderly Norwegians, in particular those living in institutions, ought to improve their vitamin D status by increasing their exposure to sunshine and by including more oily fish in their diet. If this is difficult to achieve, vitamin D supplement (10 micrograms/day) should be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"126-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Body composition in the elderly estimated with an electrical impedance method. 用电阻抗法估计老年人的身体成分。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-09-01
B Steen, I Bosaeus, S Elmståhl, H Galvard, B Isaksson, E Robertsson
{"title":"Body composition in the elderly estimated with an electrical impedance method.","authors":"B Steen,&nbsp;I Bosaeus,&nbsp;S Elmståhl,&nbsp;H Galvard,&nbsp;B Isaksson,&nbsp;E Robertsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of a new electrical impedance method for estimating body composition in 35 healthy persons and patients in different sex and age groups, and to obtain basal data on the size of different body composition compartments in elderly individuals in health and disease. The reliability studies showed no significant differences with the new method in intraindividual comparisons before and after changing the positions of the electrodes, drinking of water, and overnight fasting, as well as at a double estimation on 2 consecutive days. The results with this method are compared to results from measurements of total body potassium and total body water, and from a four-compartment model technique using total body potassium and total body water. We conclude that the method has an acceptable reliability and validity and should be of great value not only in field studies but also in clinical practice. Data on body composition with the electrical impedance method are obtained from 147 individuals in different groups, namely healthy females, 80-81-year-old males, female patients from a nursing home, and patients of both sexes from a day care unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"102-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dementia and work load evaluation of the elderly. 老年痴呆与工作负荷评估。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-06-01
H A Nygaard, K Breivik, K Bakke, E Brudvik, T J Moe
{"title":"Dementia and work load evaluation of the elderly.","authors":"H A Nygaard,&nbsp;K Breivik,&nbsp;K Bakke,&nbsp;E Brudvik,&nbsp;T J Moe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia and work load were estimated in 4736 elderly home-nursed or institutionalized persons. Mental status was estimated by means of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR), and work load by means of a traditional work load scale. Approximately one third of elderly over 85 years were living in an institution. 4.6% of the population over 65 years of age were moderately to severely and 1.8% mildly demented. Work load increased with increasing dementia. In homes for the aged 40% and in nursing homes 85% of the residents create a heavy work load. 14.5% of the estimated population are considered misplaced, the majority of whom should be transferred to a higher care level. Dementias cause a major problem on every care level. Services which are lacking for this group and necessary rehabilitation facilities should be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"65-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14577875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biological changes and diseases in aged CBA/Ca mice. 老年CBA/Ca小鼠的生物学变化和疾病。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1987-06-01
E Beregi, L Pénzes, O Regius, J Izsák
{"title":"Biological changes and diseases in aged CBA/Ca mice.","authors":"E Beregi,&nbsp;L Pénzes,&nbsp;O Regius,&nbsp;J Izsák","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold adaptation, apparent protein metabolism, life span, body and organ weights, organ indices, mitochondrial changes in the lymphocytes, and frequency of diseases were examined in 661 (untreated) inbred CBA/Ca male mice. The rectal temperature proved to be lower in aged mice, i.e. the rectal temperature of old animals immediately after cold exposure was more distinctly decreased than that of young ones. The apparent protein metabolism measured by 75Se-selenomethionine turnover showed that biological half-life (T 1/2) values in the aged are almost linearly elevated. In very old animals the values are decreased. Body weight decreased significantly and continuously, spleen and liver indices decreased and heart index increased with age in healthy animals. The number of diseased animals increased with age peaking at the age of 751-900 days. After 900 days the number of diseased animals decreased. The most frequent diseases in the old animals are: hepatocellular carcinoma, amyloidosis and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The mitochondria of spleen lymphocytes showed degenerative changes not associated with diseases, thus they can be considered as age-related biological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":77698,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"72-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13977681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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