Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey最新文献_第8页

Lung cancer etiology: challenges of the future. 肺癌病因学：未来的挑战。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

E L Wynder, M T Goodman, D Hoffmann

{"title":"Lung cancer etiology: challenges of the future.","authors":"E L Wynder, M T Goodman, D Hoffmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The 1982 Report of the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service concluded that \"cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality in the United States\" and that \"85 percent of lung cancer cases are due to smoking\". Thus, major emphasis should be placed on school health education programs designed to prevent young people from smoking. Those students who are already cigarette smokers should be provided with an opportunity to attend smoking cessation courses with the hope that they stop. However, as long as society condones tobacco usage, millions of people will smoke, and millions of others will be involuntarily exposed to tobacco smoke. In this communication we have discussed the need for future research on the etiology of lung cancer. This includes the observation of a shift toward an increasing proportion of adenocarcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in men, more detailed knowledge of the effects of macro- and micronutrients in the etiology of lung cancer, a clear delineation of the impact of tumor initiators, tumor promoters, and cocarcinogens in the development of lung cancer in cigarette smokers, and a study of the effects of the low-yield cigarette on the lung cancer risk of smokers. Finally, we reviewed the present knowledge as to the possible association of passive smoke exposure and lung cancer. Here we have placed major emphasis on the need for a close cooperation between epidemiologists and clinical biochemists in risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":77688,"journal":{"name":"Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey","volume":"8 ","pages":"39-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15100375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relevance of enhancement to human respiratory tract carcinogenesis. 增强与人类呼吸道癌变的相关性。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

R E Albert

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Origin and reversibility of malignancy. 恶性肿瘤的起源和可逆性。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

L Sachs

引用次数: 0

Reactive oxygen dependent activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons by phorbol ester-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 多环烃在苯酚酯刺激下的多形核白细胞的活性氧依赖性活化。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

M A Trush, J L Seed, T W Kensler

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic aspects of initiation and promotion in C3H/10T1/2 cells. C3H/10T1/2细胞起始和促进的机制方面。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

C J Boreiko

{"title":"Mechanistic aspects of initiation and promotion in C3H/10T1/2 cells.","authors":"C J Boreiko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells can be made to proceed through discrete stages of initiation and promotion. Studies of the effect of cell density upon focus formation in cultures treated with MNNG and TPA suggest that initiation by MNNG is due to a relatively infrequent, irreversible event induced by a single carcinogen treatment. In contrast, promotion appears to be a reversible process requiring multiple treatments with TPA over a protracted period of time. Some evidence suggests that promotion may entail the induction of phenotypic changes which impart a growth advantage to phenotypically unstable \"initiated\" cell populations. The actual cellular mechanism(s) for most of the phenomena observed in C3H/10T1/2 cultures have eluded precise definition and widely divergent hypotheses have been advanced to explain transformation, initiation, and promotion. Conceivably there are multiple mechanisms responsible for each of these phenomenon. Some agents may transform by a multistage mechanism whereas others may exert their effects in a more direct fashion. Some of the foci produced by promotion may be the result of simple selective processes, others the product of more complex inductive events. Variations would thus be expected between laboratories working with different protocols and agents. As demonstrated by the possible involvement of an MCA residue in transformation, it is also apparent that fundamental technical aspects of this conceptually simple cell transformation system are poorly understood. While it is natural to develop mechanistic models based on quantitative observations of transformation, a limited understanding of the basic cell culture variables which modulate both the induction and expression of transformation dictate that caution be exercised in extrapolating the significance of such models to in vivo carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":77688,"journal":{"name":"Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey","volume":"9 ","pages":"153-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15165497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of repair processes in neoplastic transformation induced by ionizing radiation in C3H/10T1/2 cells. 修复过程在电离辐射诱导C3H/10T1/2细胞肿瘤转化中的作用

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

C K Hill, M M Elkind, A Han

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Comparative evaluation of three mammalian cell transformation assay systems. 三种哺乳动物细胞转化试验系统的比较评价。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

R W Tennant, S Stasiewicz, J W Spalding

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of three mammalian cell transformation assay systems.","authors":"R W Tennant, S Stasiewicz, J W Spalding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"One cellular transformation assay system (Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) primary cells) and two viral mediated transformation systems (primary Syrian hamster embryo cells infected with Simian adenovirus type 7 (SHE/SA7), and a rat fibroblast cell line (2FR450) infected with Rauscher leukemia virus (Rat/RLV] were evaluated using a group of nine \"model\" and five coded chemicals. The purpose of the project was to establish the intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of the assays and to provide a basis for objective comparisons between the systems. This is a preliminary evaluation of the assay systems using the results for these chemicals tested in eight collaborating laboratories under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). The endpoint measured in each system is very different and a positive response in each had to be separately defined. The assay systems all produced a response to carcinogens and in most instances the responses could be qualitatively reproduced in the different laboratories. However, the assays differed significantly in their ability to demonstrate dose-related effects. In addition, multiple tests or modified assay procedures were required with every system in order to insure that chemicals had been adequately tested. In each system, technical or procedural limitations exist that preclude the application of these assays to routine chemical testing at this time. Among these limitations were ambiguity in scoring morphological transformation, significant but poorly defined influence of reagents such as serum or metabolic activation systems on test performance, and difficulty in repeating responses to a given chemical. Additional efforts to overcome these limitations will be necessary in order to make these test systems of use in routine testing of unknown chemicals for genetic toxicity.","PeriodicalId":77688,"journal":{"name":"Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey","volume":"9 ","pages":"399-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15165511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular characterization of oncogenes in guinea pig lines chemically initiated in vitro: acquisition of tumorigenicity is associated with activated ras related oncogenes. 体外化学启动豚鼠系癌基因的分子特征:获得致瘤性与激活ras相关癌基因有关。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

J Doniger

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Case for genetic regulatory elements that control tumorigenic expression in human hybrid cells. 在人类杂交细胞中控制致瘤性表达的基因调控元件的案例。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

E J Stanbridge

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Role of intercalation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. 插层在多环芳烃致癌中的作用。

Carcinogenesis; a comprehensive survey Pub Date : 1985-01-01

R G Harvey, M R Osborne, J R Connell, S Venitt, C Crofton-Sleigh, P Brookes, J Pataki, J DiGiovanni

引用次数: 0