C E Pfeifle, S B Howell, W L Ashburn, R M Barone, J J Bookstein
{"title":"Pharmacologic studies of intra-hepatic artery chemotherapy with degradable starch microspheres.","authors":"C E Pfeifle, S B Howell, W L Ashburn, R M Barone, J J Bookstein","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on the pharmacokinetics of 4 drugs administered via the hepatic artery was studied in 5 patients with colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver. The 4 drugs were 99m-technetium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), an agent which is not metabolized in the liver, and floxuridine, doxorubicin, and mitomycin, agents which undergo hepatic metabolism to varying extents. DSM transiently decreased arterial blood flow to normal liver an average of 64% and to hepatic tumor an average of 78%. DSM increased tumor exposure to DTPA by a mean of 1.71-fold, and increased hepatic exposure by 1.46-fold, but did not affect total plasma exposure. In contrast, DSM did reduce total plasma exposure to floxuridine by a mean of 34%, and to mitomycin by 20%. No information was available on the effect of DSM on plasma doxorubicin levels which never exceeded the limits of detection. Variation in the injection rate of DSM did not appear to influence the relative advantages produced in tumor or plasma AUCs. The estimated increase in tumor exposure produced by DSM was 3.8-fold for floxuridine, and 3.0-fold for mitomycin. These results reflect the differences in extent of hepatic metabolism of these agents, and agree closely with predictions made from mathematical models. Although DSM improved the therapeutic index, the increase in tumor exposure was insufficient to produce significant tumor regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14073831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversal of intrinsic resistance to adriamycin in normal cells by verapamil.","authors":"T J Lampidis, A Krishan, L Planas, H Tapiero","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular accumulation of adriamycin (ADM) was found to be increased in human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and cardiac-muscle cells as compared to an epithelial cell line derived from normal monkey kidney (CV-1) and non-muscle cells (fibroblasts) derived from the heart. This increase correlates with greater sensitivity of the carcinoma cell line to ADM. In CV-1, efflux of ADM contributes to low drug accumulation which correlates with the intrinsic drug resistance of the cells. Blockage of ADM efflux in this resistant cell line and subsequent increases in intracellular accumulation and sensitivity can be achieved by co-treatment with verapamil. ADM accumulation and sensitivity in MCF-7 however cannot be significantly increased by verapamil. These data demonstrate selectively for ADM in human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7 and cardiac-muscle cells in vitro. The reversal by verapamil of the normal cells' natural resistance, may have importance in the clinical use of verapamil as a resistance modulating agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 4","pages":"251-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14690356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peritoneal access for intracavitary chemotherapy.","authors":"S B Howell, C E Pfeifle","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct intraperitoneal instillation of many chemotherapeutic agents can markedly increase total peritoneal drug exposure and may be useful for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma and mesothelioma. The use of a totally implanted access system (Port-a-CathTM) reduces the risk of inadvertent bowel damage, and infection associated with repeated intraperitoneal instillation of drugs. In addition, patient acceptance is better in comparison to catheters that protrude through the skin. Catheter failure due to the formation of adhesions around the outside of the catheter remains a major problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 2","pages":"157-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14828448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potentiation of hydroxyurea cytotoxicity by iron-chelating agent in murine tumor models in vitro.","authors":"K Satyamoorthy, M P Chitnis, S G Pradhan","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biochemical modulation of tumor cell response to increase the cytotoxicity of Hydroxyurea (HU), directed at the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, has been studied in in vitro. Mice bearing ascites tumor models such as L1210 leukemia, Sarcoma 180 (S180) and Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) were employed in this study. The cytotoxicity of HU alone at various concentrations was dose dependent and showed the following order of sensitivity; L1210 greater than EAT greater than S180. The hydrophobic iron-chelating agent 2,2-bipyridyl significantly potentiated the antitumor activity of HU in all the murine tumor models studied. In contrast, hydrophilic iron-chelator, Desferal, did not show any cytotoxicity when combined with HU. The present study demonstrated the factors influencing the amelioration of HU cytotoxicity and possible therapeutic use of iron-chelating agents alone and with HU for better therapeutic results in clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 3","pages":"173-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14897916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts. First International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy. November 6-9, 1985, Paris, France.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 1","pages":"45-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15069957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective killing of normal and neoplastic human B cells with anti-CD19- and anti-CD22-ricin A chain immunotoxins.","authors":"R D May, E S Vitetta, G Moldenhauer, B Dörken","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibodies directed against two human B cell-restricted antigens, CD19 and CD22, were conjugated to highly purified ricin A chain. These A chain immunotoxins (A-IT) were specifically cytotoxic to Daudi cells and normal human peripheral blood B cells in vitro. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of protein synthesis (IC50) in these cells ranged from 7.5 X 10(-10) M to 4.2 X 10(-9) M. The specific toxicities of these A-ITs for Daudi cells were augmented 2- to 6-fold in the presence of 20mM NH4Cl. These studies demonstrate that A-ITs specific for CD19 and CD22 may be useful in the clinical treatment of B cell malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 4","pages":"261-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13582784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C I Hong, A J Kirisits, D J Buchheit, A Nechaev, C R West
{"title":"1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugates of thioether phospholipids as a new class of potential antitumor drugs.","authors":"C I Hong, A J Kirisits, D J Buchheit, A Nechaev, C R West","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) conjugates of 1-S-alkyl-phospholipids (thioether phospholipids) were tested for their antitumor efficacies against L1210 and P388 leukemia in mice. These include 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-S-hexadecyl-2-0-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (ara-CDP-beta-palmitoyl-DL-thiochimyl alcohol, I), ara-CDP-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-0-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (ara-CDP-beta-palmitoyl-DL-thiobatyl alcohol, II), and ara-CDP-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-0-hexadecyl-1-thioglycerol (ara-CDP-beta-cetyl-DL-thiobatyl alcohol, III). Conjugates I and II produced significant increase in life span (293-379%) and longterm survivors among mice bearing i.p. implanted L1210 lymphoid leukemia at a total dose of 400 mg (389-400 mumol)/kg. Conjugate II also displayed a strong antitumor activity against i.c. implanted L1210 leukemia in mice with an ILS range of 160-200% at a total dose of 300-450 mg (292-438 mumol/kg. Significant schedule dependency was not observed when the conjugates were administered i.p. once daily with following schedules: qd l; 1,5, 9; 1-5; and 1-9, but single doses typically produced the best effects. The i.p. administration of conjugate II gave the best results on survival of i.p. inoculated L1210 leukemic mice, then followed by the s.c. and i.m. treatments. The i.v. treatment produced a lower activity than the others. Conjugate II also exhibited a strong antitumor activity against i.p. implanted P388 leukemia in mice with ILS values of greater than 255-greater than 329% with 3-5 45-day survivors at a total dose of 300-500 mg (292-486 mumol)/kg (qd 1 or 1-5). The new conjugates I and II displayed a comparable or somewhat higher activity than the previous diacyl and 1-0-alkyl analogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 2","pages":"101-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14827808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J T Kemshead, D H Jones, L Lashford, J Prichard, I Gordon, F Breatnach, H B Coakham
{"title":"131-I coupled to monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for neuroectodermally derived tumors: fact or fiction?","authors":"J T Kemshead, D H Jones, L Lashford, J Prichard, I Gordon, F Breatnach, H B Coakham","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been suggested that monoclonal antibodies may be useful in targeting cytotoxic compounds to tumor cells. We have explored their use in targeting 131-I to highly radiosensitive primitive neural tumors such as neuroblastoma and pineoblastomas. Two routes of administration have been employed, intravenous and intrathecal. Our current experience in using radiolabelled antibodies is described, indicating toxicities seen and any therapeutic benefit observed. The results of the study suggest that if targeted radiation has a role in the treatment of these malignancies, it will be restricted to the eradication of small tumor masses from the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 1","pages":"25-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15069956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intraperitoneal bleomycin for ventriculoperitoneal spread of a hypothalamic astrocytoma.","authors":"K L Saving, B F Kimler, T S Vats","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pediatric patient is presented in whom malignant ascites developed after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for a suprasellar astrocytoma. Paracentesis followed by intraperitoneal bleomycin resulted in decreased fluid re-accumulation with minimal side effects. A review of the literature shows that intracavitary chemotherapy, including bleomycin, can result in safe, effective relief of malignant effusion associated with adult tumors. We have demonstrated that such treatment is also applicable to the pediatric population. In this case, the effectiveness of intracavitary bleomycin may be related to its direct action against brain glioma cells. The need for effective treatment of malignant effusions in pediatric patients is growing because of their increased survival time with tumor. We propose that intracavitary bleomycin may provide relief from this potential complication of childhood solid tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 3","pages":"205-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13577218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R L Heideman, F M Balis, S Zimm, C M Lester, D G Poplack
{"title":"The effect of amitriptyline on the central nervous system penetration of methotrexate.","authors":"R L Heideman, F M Balis, S Zimm, C M Lester, D G Poplack","doi":"10.1089/cdd.1986.3.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reported ability of amitriptyline to enhance the penetration of diffusion limited substances across the blood brain barrier was investigated. The CSF:plasma ratio of methotrexate in primates was not significantly altered by amitriptyline pretreatment. Nor was methotrexate plasma clearance altered.</p>","PeriodicalId":77686,"journal":{"name":"Cancer drug delivery","volume":"3 4","pages":"219-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cdd.1986.3.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14689713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}