Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Passive-state preparation for quantum secure direct communication","authors":"Jia-Wei Ying,&nbsp;Jin-Yu Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Xiang Xiao,&nbsp;Shi-Pu Gu,&nbsp;Xing-Fu Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhong,&nbsp;Ming-Ming Du,&nbsp;Xi-Yun Li,&nbsp;Shu-Ting Shen,&nbsp;An-Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Lan Zhou,&nbsp;Yu-Bo Sheng","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2578-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2578-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can transmit the secret message directly. Single-photon-based QSDC protocol requires the active modulation of the quantum state of the source, potentially introducing various side-channel vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a passive-state preparation QSDC protocol. By utilizing a passive-state preparation method, we remove the need for active modulation, thus eliminating the side-channel risks associated with the source encoder. To evaluate the performance of the protocol, we develop a system model and improve the decoy state method. Through parameter optimization, we identify the optimal secrecy message capacity for various communication distances and compare it with active modulation QSDC. At a communication distance of 10 (15) km, the secrecy message capacity of passive-state preparation QSDC reaches 3.894 × 10⁻⁴ (3.715 × 10⁻⁵) bit/pulse, achieving 95.3% (91.5%) of the active case’s performance. Meanwhile, we consider the resource consumption and optimize the secrecy message transmission rate of passive-state preparation QSDC. Using a coherent light source with a frequency of 10⁶ Hz, at communication distances of 5, 10, and 15 km, the secrecy message transmission rates for passive-state preparation QSDC reach 2.370 × 10², 4.218 × 10, and 2.504 bit/s, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decay properties of light 1−+ hybrids","authors":"Juzheng Liang,&nbsp;Siyang Chen,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Chunjiang Shi,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2588-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2588-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explore the decay properties of the isovector and isoscalar 1⁻⁺ light hybrids, <i>π</i>₁ and <i>η</i>₁, in <i>N</i>_<i>f</i> = 2 lattice QCD at a pion mass <i>m</i>_<i>π</i> ≈ 417 MeV. The McNeile and Michael method is adopted to extract the effective couplings for individual decay modes, which are used to estimate the partial decay widths of <i>π</i>₁(1600) and <i>η</i>₁(1855) by assuming SU(3) symmetry. The partial decay widths of <i>π</i>₁(1600) are predicted to be <span>((Gamma_{b1pi}, Gamma_{f1(1285)pi}, Gamma_{rho pi}, Gamma_{K* bar{K}})=(325pm75, mathcal{O}(10),52pm7,8.6pm1.3))</span> MeV, and the total width is estimated to be 396 ± 90 MeV, considering only statistical errors. If <i>η</i>₁(1855) and the 4.4<i>σ</i> signal observed by BESIII (labeled as <i>η</i>₁(2200)) are taken as the two mass eigenstates of the isoscalar 1⁻⁺ light hybrids in SU(3), then the dominant decay channel(s) of <i>η</i>₁(1855) (<i>η</i>₁(2200)) is <span>(K_{1}(1270)bar{K} (K_{1}(1270)bar{K})</span> and <span>(K_{1}(1400)bar{K})</span> through the 1⁺⁽⁻⁾0⁻⁽⁺⁾ mode. The vector-vector decay modes are also significant for the two <i>η</i>₁ states. Using the mixing angle <i>α</i> ≈ 22.7° obtained from lattice QCD for the two <i>η</i>₁ states, the total widths are estimated to be <span>(Gamma_{eta1(1855)} = 282(85))</span> MeV and <span>(Gamma_{eta1(2200)} = 455(143))</span> MeV. The former is compatible with the experimental width of <i>η</i>₁(1855). Although many systematic uncertainties are not well controlled, these results are qualitatively informative for the experimental search for light hybrids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission","authors":"Weimin Yuan,&nbsp;Lixin Dai,&nbsp;Hua Feng,&nbsp;Chichuan Jin,&nbsp;Peter Jonker,&nbsp;Erik Kuulkers,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Kirpal Nandra,&nbsp;Paul O’Brien,&nbsp;Luigi Piro,&nbsp;Arne Rau,&nbsp;Nanda Rea,&nbsp;Jeremy Sanders,&nbsp;Lian Tao,&nbsp;Junfeng Wang,&nbsp;Xuefeng Wu,&nbsp;Bing Zhang,&nbsp;Shuangnan Zhang,&nbsp;Shunke Ai,&nbsp;Johannes Buchner,&nbsp;Esra Bulbul,&nbsp;Hechao Chen,&nbsp;Minghua Chen,&nbsp;Yong Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Peng Chen,&nbsp;Alexis Coleiro,&nbsp;Francesco Coti Zelati,&nbsp;Zigao Dai,&nbsp;Xilong Fan,&nbsp;Zhou Fan,&nbsp;Susanne Friedrich,&nbsp;He Gao,&nbsp;Chong Ge,&nbsp;Mingyu Ge,&nbsp;Jinjun Geng,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ghirlanda,&nbsp;Giulia Gianfagna,&nbsp;Lijun Gou,&nbsp;Sébastien Guillot,&nbsp;Xian Hou,&nbsp;Jingwei Hu,&nbsp;Yongfeng Huang,&nbsp;Long Ji,&nbsp;Shumei Jia,&nbsp;S. Komossa,&nbsp;Albert K. H. Kong,&nbsp;Lin Lan,&nbsp;An Li,&nbsp;Ang Li,&nbsp;Chengkui Li,&nbsp;Dongyue Li,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Li,&nbsp;Zhixing Ling,&nbsp;Ang Liu,&nbsp;Jinzhong Liu,&nbsp;Liangduan Liu,&nbsp;Zhu Liu,&nbsp;Jiawei Luo,&nbsp;Ruican Ma,&nbsp;Pierre Maggi,&nbsp;Chandreyee Maitra,&nbsp;Alessio Marino,&nbsp;Stephen Chi-Yung Ng,&nbsp;Haiwu Pan,&nbsp;Surangkhana Rukdee,&nbsp;Roberto Soria,&nbsp;Hui Sun,&nbsp;Pak-Hin Thomas Tam,&nbsp;Aishwarya Linesh Thakur,&nbsp;Hui Tian,&nbsp;Eleonora Troja,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiangyu Wang,&nbsp;Yanan Wang,&nbsp;Junjie Wei,&nbsp;Sixiang Wen,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wu,&nbsp;Ting Wu,&nbsp;Di Xiao,&nbsp;Dong Xu,&nbsp;Renxin Xu,&nbsp;Yanjun Xu,&nbsp;Yu Xu,&nbsp;Haonan Yang,&nbsp;Bei You,&nbsp;Heng Yu,&nbsp;Yunwei Yu,&nbsp;Binbin Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Zhang,&nbsp;Guobao Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Wenda Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Ping Zhou,&nbsp;Zecheng Zou","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2600-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2600-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Einstein Probe (EP) is an interdisciplinary mission of time-domain and X-ray astronomy. Equipped with a wide-field lobster-eye X-ray focusing imager, EP will discover cosmic X-ray transients and monitor the X-ray variability of known sources in 0.5–4 keV, at a combination of detecting sensitivity and cadence that is not accessible to the previous and current wide-field monitoring missions. EP can perform quick characterisation of transients or outbursts with a Wolter-I X-ray telescope onboard. In this paper, the science objectives of the EP mission are presented. EP is expected to enlarge the sample of previously known or predicted but rare types of transients with a wide range of timescales. Among them, fast extragalactic transients will be surveyed systematically in soft X-rays, which include <i>γ</i>-ray bursts and their variants, supernova shock breakouts, and the predicted X-ray transients associated with binary neutron star mergers. EP will detect X-ray tidal disruption events and outbursts from active galactic nuclei, possibly at an early phase of the flares for some. EP will monitor the variability and outbursts of X-rays from white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes in our and neighbouring galaxies at flux levels fainter than those detectable by the current instruments, and is expected to discover new objects. A large sample of stellar X-ray flares will also be detected and characterised. In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, EP has the potential of detecting the possible X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave events, neutrino sources, and ultra-high energy <i>γ</i>-ray and cosmic ray sources. EP is expected to help advance the studies of extreme objects and phenomena revealed in the dynamic X-ray universe, and their underlying physical processes. Besides EP’s strength in time-domain science, its follow-up telescope, with excellent performance, will also enable advances in many areas of X-ray astronomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-024-2600-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen deficiency mechanism of La3Ni2O7−δ under pressure","authors":"Yu Chen,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Minghui Xu,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Haiyan Xiao,&nbsp;Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2556-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2556-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent discovery of superconductivity in pressurized bilayer nickelate La₃Ni₂O₇ has triggered tremendous research interest. However, the experimentally observed oxygen deficiency implies that obtaining perfect stoichiometric single crystals is still challenging. The influence of oxygen deficiency on physical properties remains unexplained. Here, we construct a chemical potential phase diagram to characterize the stability of La₃Ni₂O₇. The narrow stable region explains the difficulty of synthesizing pure samples. First, oxygen defect studies reveal that the interlayer apical oxygen vacancy has the highest defect concentrations and is responsible for oxygen deficiency. Second, unfolding band structures show as the oxygen-deficient variant increases, Ni <span>(3d_{;z^{2}})</span> bands shift toward a lower energy position under the Fermi level at Γ point, which is adverse to the metallization of Ni <span>(3d_{;z^{2}})</span> bands. Third, high-pressure calculations indicate that oxygen vacancy would destroy the hybridization of interlayer Ni <span>(3d_{;z^{2}})</span> orbitals, and the larger the oxygen deficiency, the higher the pressure needed to metalize the Ni <span>(3d_{;z^{2}})</span> bands. Thus, the oxygen deficiency would suppress the emergence of superconductivity in La₃Ni₂O_{7−<i>δ</i>}. Our results elucidate the mechanism of oxygen deficiency for superconductivity in La₃Ni₂O_{7−<i>δ</i>} and provide instructive guidance to the experimental research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andreev reflection in superconducting state of pressurized La3Ni2O7","authors":"Cong Liu,&nbsp;Mengwu Huo,&nbsp;Huan Yang,&nbsp;Qing Li,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhang,&nbsp;Zhening Xiang,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Hai-Hu Wen","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2595-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2595-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discovery of superconductivity with <i>T</i>_c above 77 K in pressurized La₃Ni₂O₇ has stimulated enormous interest in the field of unconventional superconductivity. A recent experiment in La₂PrNi₂O₇ has shown that the superconducting volume is close to 100%. Because the superconductivity can only be achieved under high pressures, many intrinsic properties, such as the superconducting gaps, have not been measured yet. We report the Andreev reflection measurement of pressurized La₃Ni₂O₇ with the onset superconducting transition temperature at about 77 K. Our data reveal a clear peak of differential conductivity near zero bias in the tunneling spectrum; and appear also are some temperature-dependent steps that may reflect other superconducting gaps. Calculations based on the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model with multiple components can roughly fit the data, and the central peak can be fitted with a <i>d</i>-wave gap with a magnitude of about 9 meV, and other two <i>s</i>-wave gaps at about 16 and 26 meV. The latter two large gaps are determined from the enhanced steps of the differential conductivity, which may have other origins. Our results reveal possible evidence of a sign-reversal gap and multi-component features of the superconducting gaps in the nickelate 327 systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of non-Euclidean metrics in the optical features of microcavities","authors":"Hans-Jürgen Stöckmann","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2585-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2585-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Cotton gravity as dark matter substitute with weak lensing","authors":"Geyu Mo,&nbsp;Qingqing Wang,&nbsp;Xin Ren,&nbsp;Weitong Yan,&nbsp;Qinxun Li,&nbsp;Yen Chin Ong,&nbsp;Wentao Luo","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2582-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2582-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Harada proposed a modified theory of gravity called Cotton gravity, and argued that it successfully explains the rotation curves of 84 galaxies without the need for dark matter. In this work, we use the galaxy-galaxy lensing technique to test whether the modification effect of Cotton gravity can indeed be a viable substitute for dark matter. Using the spherically symmetric solution of Cotton gravity, we obtain the deflection angle via the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the weak lensing shear. We use five galaxy catalogs divided into 5 stellar mass bins from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), each further divided into blue star-forming galaxy and red passive galaxy sub-catalogs. We find that Cotton gravity on its own has a significant deviation from the measured galaxy-galaxy lensing signals, thus it cannot replace the role of dark matter. If we consider the combination of dark matter and Cotton gravity, the modification is tightly constrained. Our analysis also applies to other modified gravity theories whose an additional linear term appears in the Schwarzschild solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable geometries and magnetic properties in transition-metal-doped Sm5Co19 permanent magnet alloys: Insights from DFT","authors":"Cheng Fang,&nbsp;Zhi Yan,&nbsp;Xu-Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Jian-Hua Xiao,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2593-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2593-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sm₅Co₁₉ permanent magnet alloy holds significant potential for applications due to its ultra-high intrinsic coercivity, low temperature coefficient of coercivity and high Curie temperature. However, its metastable nature poses challenges for experimental synthesis. Here we propose to use transition metal doping to effectively improve the structural stability and comprehensive magnetic properties of Sm₅Co₁₉ based on first-principles calculations. We find that Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Zr preferentially occupy the Sm-6c2 site, while Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn preferentially occupy the Co-6c2, Co-18h1, Co-18h2, and Co-18h2 site, respectively. Additionally, doping elements at their optimal sites significantly enhance the structural stability of the doped system. Whether substituting Sm or Co sites, doping with Cr, Mn, and Fe significantly increases the total magnetic moment of the Sm₅Co₁₉ system. Within the number of doping atoms range from 0 to 12, doping with Cr, Mn, and Fe enhances both the structural stability and the total magnetic moment of the Sm₅Co₁₉ system, further confirming the significant impact of atomic site occupation on the performance of the doped system. This study presents a feasible approach for enhancing the structural stability of Sm₅Co₁₉ permanent magnets and offers valuable theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance Sm-Co based permanent magnet materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-stable Co-based metallic glassy microwires for highly sensitive giant-magnetoimpedance sensors","authors":"Yuyang Qian,&nbsp;Chaoqun Pei,&nbsp;Haibo Ke,&nbsp;Xintao Wei,&nbsp;Dengke Wang,&nbsp;Yandong Jia,&nbsp;Baoan Sun,&nbsp;Gang Wang,&nbsp;Weihua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2570-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2570-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development and deployment of giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors have been significantly hampered by their limited sensitivity to weak magnetic fields and pronounced thermal drift phenomena, both of which are intricately linked to the microstructural properties of the sensor core material, typically composed of metallic glass microwires (MGMWs). Herein, we successfully fabricated an ultra-stable Co-based MGMW with a high GMI effect through a novel multi-step stress-Joule coupled annealing (MS-JCA) technique. The Co-based MGMW showcases a significantly improved GMI effect with an unprecedented impedance change rate of 939%, coupled with an enhanced magnetic field sensitivity of 734%/Oe. In addition, the MS-JCA process ensures the GMI sensor retains exceptional stability during thermal drift measurements over a span of 20 h, characterized by a minimal signal fluctuation ratio of merely 0.59%. Notably, the ultra-stability of the GMI sensor arises from the ultra-stable energy state of the MGMWs following MS-JCA. Our findings offer a compelling strategy for significantly enhancing both the performance and stability of GMI sensors, thereby establishing a solid technical foundation for their broader application in weak magnetic detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gate-controlled multistate modulation in few-layer graphene via layer-by-layer ion intercalation","authors":"Siyi Zhou,&nbsp;Shaorui Li,&nbsp;Yongchao Wang,&nbsp;Chenglin Yu,&nbsp;Yayu Wang,&nbsp;Jinsong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2550-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2550-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The simultaneous modulation of electric and optical properties in graphene is essential for advancing high-performance applications in optoelectronics. However, achieving <i>in-situ</i> control of multiple electric and optical states in graphene devices remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a versatile and reversible electric-field control of organic-ion intercalation from bilayer to pentalayer graphene. Through simultaneous optical imaging and electric measurements, we reveal multiple physical states controlled by the layer-by-layer intercalation processes, resulting in both high transparency and high electric conductance with an increase in the number of intercalated layers. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the intercalated graphene maintains a high carrier concentration without lattice degradation. Moreover, Hall effect measurements reveal that the carrier density can reach approximately 1.5 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² per layer. The ability to synchronously control the transparency and conductance states by adjusting the number of ion-intercalated layers highlights the potential of multistate modulation for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices in two-dimensional materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}