{"title":"Quantum purification for coherent states and its application","authors":"Lei Wang, Geng Chai, Zhengwen Cao, Xinlei Chen, Kexin Liang, Jinye Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2533-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2533-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inevitable decoherence of quantum states leaks information to the environments and reduces the practical performance of quantum-information protocols. Quantum purification of coherent states provides an easy-to-implement approach to decouple from the environments utilizing the correlation of several copies. However, repeated transmission of quantum states reduces the randomness of the collectivity and generates security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a modified purification scheme and apply it to the continuous-variable quantum secure direct communication (CV-QSDC) protocol based on coherent states. The designed purification scheme improves the security capacity of communication systems through the effective suppression of excess noises, accompanied by the maintenance of source-side stochasticity. We conduct a proof-of-principle experiment of the purification scheme in the CV-QSDC system. The appearance of transmitted quantum states in phase space and two-dimensional Gaussian distributions have high goodness of fit at two copies. The security capability of this system is improved by 43.6% as the excess noise is reduced to 0.58 times the original noise by purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional fracture of UO2 ceramic pellets by phase field modeling","authors":"Wei Xiong, Xuan Ye, Hongzhang Cheng, Xiaoming Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2509-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2509-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fracture is the primary failure type for the UO<sub>2</sub> ceramic pellets, which are operated under irradiation and thermal processes, and physically confined by the cladding. In this work, by combining closely coupled physical processes of heat conduction, heat transfer, and mechanical deformation with the cohesive phase field framework, we proposed a high-precision modeling of quasi-static cracking of three-dimensional (3D) UO<sub>2</sub> ceramic fuel pellets under high temperature and irradiation. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results, indicating that the proposed method has the potential to capture 3D crack modes in the interested time range. Further, we studied the relation of the 3D fracture patterns of fuel pellets with the peak power densities. It was found that the power level plays a critical role in determining the competition between radial and circumferential cracks, as well as transverse penetrating cracks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PandaX-xT—A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory","authors":"Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Chen Cheng, Zhaokan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xunan Guo, Xuyuan Guo, Zhichao Guo, Chencheng Han, Ke Han, Changda He, Jinrong He, Di Huang, Junting Huang, Zhou Huang, Ruquan Hou, Yu Hou, Xiangdong Ji, Yonglin Ju, Chenxiang Li, Jiafu Li, Mingchuan Li, Shuaijie Li, Tao Li, Qing Lin, Jianglai Liu, Congcong Lu, Xiaoying Lu, Lingyin Luo, Yunyang Luo, Wenbo Ma, Yugang Ma, Yajun Mao, Yue Meng, Xuyang Ning, Binyu Pang, Ningchun Qi, Zhicheng Qian, Xiangxiang Ren, Nasir Shaheed, Xiaofeng Shang, Xiyuan Shao, Guofang Shen, Lin Si, Wenliang Sun, Yi Tao, Anqing Wang, Meng Wang, Qiuhong Wang, Shaobo Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Xiuli Wang, Xu Wang, Zhou Wang, Yuehuan Wei, Mengmeng Wu, Weihao Wu, Yuan Wu, Mengjiao Xiao, Xiang Xiao, Binbin Yan, Xiyu Yan, Yong Yang, Chunxu Yu, Ying Yuan, Zhe Yuan, Youhui Yun, Xinning Zeng, Minzhen Zhang, Peng Zhang, Shibo Zhang, Shu Zhang, Tao Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yingxin Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Li Zhao, Jifang Zhou, Ning Zhou, Xiaopeng Zhou, Yong Zhou, Yubo Zhou, Zhizhen Zhou, PandaX Collaboration","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2539-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2539-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The new experiment, PandaX-xT, will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon, ultra-low background, and general-purpose observatory. The full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active target. Such an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and astrophysics. The sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits, approaching the so-called “neutrino floor” for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>, providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle paradigm. By searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of <sup>136</sup>Xe isotope in the detector, the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10–41 meV/c<sup>2</sup> sensitivity, providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of neutrinos. Astrophysical neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level, opening up new windows of discovery. Depending on the findings, PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Xu, Yue Li, Jun Sun, Shuyuan Du, Xinpeng Di, Yuguang Yang, Bo Li
{"title":"Targets capture by distributed active swarms via bio-inspired reinforcement learning","authors":"Kun Xu, Yue Li, Jun Sun, Shuyuan Du, Xinpeng Di, Yuguang Yang, Bo Li","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2494-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2494-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural swarms arranged from cells to herds are usually decentralized but display intriguing collective intelligence in coordinating individuals across large scales to efficiently achieve their common goals. Learning from nature may provide new strategies for controlling collective dynamics of synthetic swarms to accomplish specific functions. Here, we present a bio-inspired computational framework that steers distributed active swarms to collectively capture and merge targets via reinforcement learning. We exploit collective milling structures of natural herds to cage the targets, and adopt a switching control policy inspired by sperms’ chiral dynamics to optimize the trajectories of individuals, through which the active swarms can self-organize to enclose single or multiple distant targets in a dynamical, adaptive and scalable manner. There exists a critical swarm size, beyond which the excessive competition between agents would generate large mechanical forces, leading to capture instability but enabling the transition from short-distance to long-distance merging capture of multiple targets. This work provides physical insights into distributed active swarms and could offer a multilevel, decentralized strategy toward controlling swarm robotics in wide applications such as bio-medical devices, machine immunity, and target clearance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyu Liu, Xueyang Li, Junsheng Feng, Changsong Xu, Hongjun Xiang
{"title":"Unraveling atomistic and electronic origins of multiaxial magnetic anisotropy","authors":"Boyu Liu, Xueyang Li, Junsheng Feng, Changsong Xu, Hongjun Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2518-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2518-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiaxial magnetic anisotropy (MA) refers to the phenomenon that multiple axes of the magnetic crystal correspond to different energy minima. Compared with the common uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, multiaxial MA facilitates novel forms of applications in spintronics. Here, by combining the first-principles-based spin Hamiltonian and tight-binding (TB) method, we reveal the microscopic origins, instead of the common phenomenological understanding, of biaxial MA and triaxial MA. In the example system of NiO, it is found that the multiple minima result from the fourth-order and the sixth-order single ion interactions, while the difference between [110] and <span>([1bar{1}0])</span> directions originates from a second-order bond-dependent anisotropic pair interaction (i.e., the so-called Gamma interaction). Moreover, through the application of a newly developed general spin dependent TB approach, it is revealed that the triaxial MA arises from the special spin-orbital entangled Hund term, which is different from the orbital-independent Hund term in the usual Slater Koster TB method. Our work thus not only leads to a thorough understanding of the multiaxial MA in NiO, but also establishes a methodology that can be widely used to explore the microscopic origins of MA in different magnets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revealing and predicting the long-term biomechanical response of orthokeratology by developing a patient-specific computational model","authors":"Yifeng Li, Zhuoran Yang, Ziming Yan, Huibin Shi, Zhanli Liu, Kaijie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2487-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2487-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Orthokeratology (OK) is widely used for effective myopia correction and control. However, the incomplete understanding of its biomechanical mechanisms makes OK lens fitting rely heavily on clinician judgment, complicating accurate predictions of treatment outcomes. In this paper, we performed clinical experiments and numerical analysis to study corneal deformation modes and long-term changes in central corneal thickness. Clinical experiments were conducted on 194 Chinese myopic patients under OK treatment for 3 months. Based on the experimental data, a patient-specific computational biomechanical model for OK was established and validated. Specifically, the anisotropic mechanical properties of the cornea were incorporated into the model to describe the significant difference between its shear modulus (29.5 kPa) and tensile modulus (768.4 kPa). Additionally, a visco-hyperelastic material model with a prolonged corneal relaxation time of 5.6 h was developed to capture the long-term deformation response. The results show that corneal thickness reduction in OK is primarily due to out-of-plane shear deformation, influenced by the cornea’s low shear resistance. Modeling the extended corneal relaxation time is crucial for predicting long-term biomechanical responses. The computational model effectively captures long-term changes in central corneal thickness, potentially improving OK lens fitting accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Guo, Hong-Bo Jin, Cong-Feng Qiao, Yue-Liang Wu
{"title":"Sky location of massive black hole binaries in the foreground of Galactic white dwarf binaries","authors":"Pan Guo, Hong-Bo Jin, Cong-Feng Qiao, Yue-Liang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2505-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2505-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For space-based gravitational wave (GW) detection, the main noise source for massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) is attributed to approximately 10<sup>7</sup> double white dwarf binaries in the foreground. For a GW source, the amplitude of the detector response, recorded by a space-based gravitational wave detector, exhibits a modulation effect with a year period when observing the source from various orbital positions. Under the adverse conditions mentioned above, where there is a strong foreground noise and annual modulation in the signals, we employed the wavelet transform and the strong-amplitude relevant orbital position search methods, which allows the weak MBHB sources to achieve higher locating accuracy. In detail, for two MBHB sources of lower intensity, the precision of luminosity distance, represented by the ratio Δ<i>D</i><sub><i>L</i></sub>/<i>D</i><sub><i>L</i></sub> at the 95% confidence level, is enhanced by factors of ∼2. The angular resolutions, denoted by ΔΩ<sub><i>s</i></sub>, are enhanced by a factor of ∼20. These improvements increase the number of detectable GW sources, facilitate multi-messenger follow-up observations and provide constraints on the cosmological constant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disordered hyperuniformity and thermal transport in monolayer amorphous carbon","authors":"Nianjie Liang, Yuxi Wang, Bai Song","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2523-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2523-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disordered hyperuniformity (DHU) is a recently discovered novel state of amorphous systems characterized by strongly suppressed density fluctuations at large length scales as in crystalline materials, which offers great potential for achieving unusual mechanical, electronic, and photonic properties. However, despite the fundamental and technological importance of thermal transport in amorphous solids, the effect of DHU remains largely unexplored. Here, we theoretically study thermal transport in a class of two-dimensional DHU materials—monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC). Beginning with a perfect graphene lattice, we continuously apply Stone-Wales transformations to generate a series of MAC models with varied degrees of disorder and defects, which are quantified through comprehensive structural analysis including the so-called hyperuniformity index (<i>H</i>), where a smaller <i>H</i> indicates a higher degree of hyperuniformity. Subsequently, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the thermal conductivity (<i>κ</i>). A significant correlation between the thermal transport behavior and degree of hyperuniformity is observed, with the room-temperature <i>κ</i> decreasing from 26.3 to 5.3 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> while <i>H</i> is tuned from 0.0004 to 0.024. Remarkably, two distinct transport regimes are identified, including a nearly-DHU regime at small <i>H</i> (< 0.005) where <i>κ</i> drops sharply and a non-DHU region at larger <i>H</i> where <i>κ</i> becomes relatively flat. Mode-resolved analysis reveals longer lifetime and higher participation ratio for the heat carriers in nearly-DHU MAC, implying that the hidden long-range correlations could support extended modes that enhance transport. Our work highlights the impact of DHU on the thermal properties of amorphous materials and represents a conceptual advancement that is worthy of future exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Xiong Zeng, Li-Fang Li, Pan Li, Bo Liang, Peng Xu
{"title":"Holographic images of a charged black hole in Lorentz symmetry breaking massive gravity","authors":"Xiao-Xiong Zeng, Li-Fang Li, Pan Li, Bo Liang, Peng Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2526-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, this paper investigates the holographic images of a charged black hole within the context of Lorentz symmetry breaking massive gravity. The photon rings, luminosity-deformed rings, or light points from various observational perspectives are obtained. We also study the influences of both the chemical potential and temperature on the Einstein ring. Unlike the previous work, which primarily examines the effect of chemical potential on ring radius at high temperatures and find no change in the radius with varying chemical potential, we also investigate the effect of chemical potential on the ring radius at low temperature besides at high temperature. Our findings indicate that at low temperatures, the photon ring radius decreases with increasing of chemical potential, while at high temperatures, the results are consistent with previous studies. Additionally, we explore the impact of the model parameter <i>λ</i> on the Einstein ring radius and find the the ring radius increases as the model parameter <i>λ</i> increases. More interestingly, for the large chemical potential, <i>u</i> = 1, the temperature dependence of the photon ring radius is reversed for <i>λ</i> = 2 and <i>λ</i> = 4. Conversely, for a small chemical potential <i>u</i> = 0.1, the temperature dependence of the Einstein ring stays the same as <i>λ</i> = 2 and <i>λ</i> = 4.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin-Hui Chen, Zuo-Tang Liang, Yu-Gang Ma, Xin-Li Sheng, Qun Wang
{"title":"Vector meson’s spin alignments in high energy reactions","authors":"Jin-Hui Chen, Zuo-Tang Liang, Yu-Gang Ma, Xin-Li Sheng, Qun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2495-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2495-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the polarized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, opening a new window to explore the properties of sQGP. In addition, spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as <i>e</i><sup>+</sup><i>e</i><sup>−</sup> annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation mechanism. The results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization mechanisms. So comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are needed. In this article, we present a brief review of theoretical and experimental advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions, with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-024-2495-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}