{"title":"Experimental self-testing of complex projective measurements via elegant Bell inequality","authors":"Xinhui Li, Yingning Miao, Wei Zhou, Xuhao Yu, Wenhui Song, Ying Wei, Fei Gao, Xiaoqin Gao, Yan-Xiao Gong, Shi-Ning Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2697-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2697-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-testing is a powerful tool that allows one to verify the security of quantum systems without relying on the characterized devices. However, conventional self-testing protocols are fundamentally restricted to real-space measurements, significantly constraining their applicability. In this work, we present an innovative protocol for self-testing projective measurements in complex Hilbert space through an elegant Bell operator. Our self-testing method shows both strong noise resistance and a high extractable randomness amount. Experimentally, we realize the self-testing of the maximally entangled state with fidelity 0.9749 and a set of complex projective measurements with average fidelity 0.9635. Moreover, we get a lower bound of 0.9302 bits of extractable randomness from outputs. These advances establish a practical pathway for implementing device-independent quantum information protocols with improved feasibility and operational flexibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking the polarization bottleneck: An ultra-compact adiabatic structure-connected micro-ring that unifies wavelength and polarization multiplexing","authors":"Jianjun Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2735-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2735-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complete switching of transverse and longitudinal spin-photon coupling in silicon","authors":"Fang-Ge Li, Ranran Cai, Ze-Cheng Wei, Bao-Chuan Wang, Hai-Ou Li, Gang Cao, Guo-Ping Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2695-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2695-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon spin qubits have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for quantum computing. To achieve scalability, the spin-photon coupling in the frame of circuit-QED offers a reliable architecture that garners significant attention. Depending on the coupling mechanisms, spin-photon coupling is categorized into transverse (<i>g</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>) and longitudinal (<i>g</i><sub><i>z</i></sub>) components, each offering distinct advantages for operation and readout, respectively. In practical scenarios, <i>g</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> and <i>g</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> often coexist and interfere with each other. To enable on-demand separation of these two couplings, we propose an alternative scheme based on spin-orbit torque (SOT). By employing SOT to switch the magnetization of micromagnets, the symmetry of the stray fields surrounding the spin qubit is modified, naturally isolating <i>g</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> and <i>g</i><sub><i>z</i></sub>. Furthermore, within this SOT scheme, we demonstrate that the dynamic longitudinal coupling (<i>g</i><span>\u0000 <sup>dy</sup><sub><i>z</i></sub>\u0000 \u0000 </span>) can also be fully decoupled from <i>g</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> through applying appropriate parametric driving. Our results thus pave the way toward scalable silicon spin qubit architectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Cao, Sen Li, Xin Wen, Hong Liu, Ben-Long Wang, Ying-Zheng Liu
{"title":"On simplified scenario of annular purging jet issuing from moving wafer stage in lithography machine","authors":"Jian Cao, Sen Li, Xin Wen, Hong Liu, Ben-Long Wang, Ying-Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2571-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2571-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simplified scenario of the annular purging jet issuing from the moving wafer stage in the lithography machine is established to study the interactions between the jet and the ambient fluid. Numerical simulations in the reference frame associated with the moving stage are carried out to delineate the dynamics of the purging jet under different ratios of the jet velocity to the moving velocity. As the velocity ratio increases, different flow patterns depict that the flow evolves from laminar to turbulent and from crossflow-dominated to purging-dominated. The behaviors of the leading-edge shear layer, i.e., breakthrough by the crossflow or impingement to the upper wall, are found to determine the flow pattern and influence the entrainment process. The shear layer dynamics are investigated by analogy to a counter-current mixing layer. The mixing layer ratio of the annular purging jet is obtained, suggesting the transition from absolute to convective instability. The infiltration flux into the inner region of the annular purging jet is evaluated, indicating the dominance of the leakage near the upper wall. The performance of the annular purging jet is assessed in terms of the effectiveness, the fraction of the infiltration flux prevented compared with the unshielded condition and is related to the flow unsteadiness. As the velocity ratio increases, the shielding effect is enhanced and the effectiveness of the annular air curtain increases monotonically with decreasing growth rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response of a millimeter-sized opaque drop to tightly focused nanosecond laser pulse","authors":"Cheng Xu, Zhihan Zhang, Tianqi Zhai, Xinyan Zhao, Lihao Gao, Yanchu Liu, Weiwei Deng","doi":"10.1007/s11433-024-2579-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-024-2579-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We experimentally study the blast of a millimeter-sized drop of water dyed red subjected to a tightly focused nanosecond 532 nm laser pulse. The red water drop is opaque to the green laser wavelength, but is transparent to the red illumination, which allows the detailed visualization of the phenomena inside the drop. The laser induced plasma or localized boiling at the drop front surface leads to a splash crown originating from the blast center. The various stages of this physical process are analyzed based on four characteristic time scales with different focal point positions and power densities. The initial blast on the drop front surface sends spherical shock waves into the drop. The spherical drop surface focuses the reflected rarefaction waves to the rear side of the drop, inducing cavitation bubbles as well as the ejections of liquid jets on the rear end. Various laser energy densities lead to different splash-crown-modes, which in turn affect the response of the opaque drop at the capillary time scale. The temporal evolution of the splash crown waist diameter follows a power law with respect to time, resembling characteristics of craters from mechanical impacts. Through the scaling law of the splash crown growth, we highlight the similarities among different splash processes that are triggered by various methods of point energy deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the massless Dirac field in 1+1D curved spacetime","authors":"Zhilong Liu, Run-Qiu Yang, Heng Fan, Jieci Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2696-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2696-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simulating the nature of quantum fields in diverse spacetime backgrounds offers valuable insights for the fundamental comprehension of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Here we introduce a novel method for mapping the massless Dirac equation in 1+1D curved spacetime to a controllable quantum simulation model, applicable to various observers’ perspectives. We perform numerical simulations of Simpson spacetime and calculate tunneling rates in Painlevé and Schwarzschild coordinates, which align closely with theoretical predictions of Hawking radiation. Additionally, we show the transition of Simpson spacetime from a regular black hole to a wormhole as the parameter “<i>a</i> > <i>r</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>”. This method facilitates the study of spacetime from various coordinate perspectives (observers), providing deeper insights and understanding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A unified thermodynamic picture for the glass transition and liquid fragility","authors":"Eloi Pineda","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2741-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2741-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Density matrix renormalization group study of the quantum-geometry-facilitated pair density wave order","authors":"Hao-Xin Wang, Wen Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2701-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2701-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the formation of novel pair density waves (PDWs) in strongly correlated electronic systems remains extremely challenging. Recent mean-field studies suggest that PDW phases may arise in strong-coupling multiband superconductors by the quantum geometric properties of paired electrons. However, scrutiny through sophisticated many-body calculations has been lacking. Employing large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculations, we obtain in the strong-coupling regime phase diagram as a function of doping concentration and a tuning interaction parameter for a simple two-orbital model that incorporates quantum geometric effects. The phase diagram reveals a robust PDW phase spanning a broad range of parameters, characterized by a Luttinger parameter <i>K</i><sub><i>sc</i></sub> ~ 0.3 and the absence of coexisting competing spin or charge density wave orders. The observed pairing field configuration aligns with the phenomenological understanding that quantum geometry can promote PDW formation. Our study provides the most compelling numerical evidence to date for quantum-geometry-facilitated intrinsic PDW order in strongly correlated systems, paving the way for further exploration of novel PDW orders and quantum geometric effects in such systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yafeng Chen, Zhihao Lan, Shanjun Liang, Siu-kei Calvin Cheung, Lei Fan, Jie Zhu, Zhongqing Su
{"title":"Visualization of flexible large-area acoustic energy conveying enabled by valley-dependent Landau bulk modes","authors":"Yafeng Chen, Zhihao Lan, Shanjun Liang, Siu-kei Calvin Cheung, Lei Fan, Jie Zhu, Zhongqing Su","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2694-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2694-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While conventional topological states can be used for robust acoustic energy transportation, the energy capacity is limited and the propagation route is also heavily constrained. In this work, we show that Landau levels in acoustic systems can offer exciting new avenues for transporting acoustic energies. In particular, we realize valley-dependent Landau levels in a two-dimensional inhomogeneous acoustic system induced by synthetic in-plane magnetic fields. The band diagrams of the 0th- and 1st-order Landau levels are experimentally measured and their robustness of propagation against defects is also experimentally validated. Promising ways for acoustic energy transportation enabled by the Landau levels, such as large-area transportation and snake-like transportation are experimentally demonstrated. Importantly, we achieve topological propagation along an arbitrary prescribed path using unique features of the valley-dependent Landau levels for the first time in experiment, which is a significant advancement beyond what can be achieved using conventional acoustic topological states based on valley/spin Hall physics. These remarkable features open up promising opportunities for developing novel acoustic devices to realize robust, broadband, and flexible large-area acoustic energy conveying.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}